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Chil.ren are not l.ttl. adul.s:bl.od transfusion in chil.ren with burn injury

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Burns & Trauma 2017年第3期5卷 158-163页

作者： Tina l. Pal.ieri Shriners Hospital.for Chil.ren Northern Cal.fornia and the University of Cal.fornia Davis 2425 Stockton Blvd Suite 718 Sacramento CA 95817 USA

Bl.od transfusion in burns l.rger than 20%total.body surface area (TBSA) are frequent due to operative procedures, bl.od sampl.ng, and physiol.gic response to burn injury. Optimizing the use of bl.od transfusions requires an understanding of the physiol.gy of burn injury, the risks and benefits of bl.od transfusion, and the indications for transfusion. Age al.o pl.ys a rol. in determining bl.od transfusion requirements. Chil.ren in particul.r have a different physiol.gy than adul.s, which needs to be considered prior to transfusing bl.od and bl.od products. This articl. describes the physiol.gic differences between chil.ren and adul.s in general.and after burn injury and describes how these differences impact bl.od transfusion practices in chil.ren.

关键词： Bl.od transfusion Pediatric Burn injury

Cal.ing underwater is a costl. signal. size-rel.ted differences in the cal. rates of Antarctic l.opard seal.

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Current Zool.gy 2017年第4期63卷 433-443页

作者： Tracey l. ROGERS Evol.tion & Ecol.gy Research Centre School of BEES University of New South Wales Sydney Sydney NSW2052 Australia

It is proposed that where sexual.y sel.cted vocal.communication is an honest signal. the cal. production rate is predicted to change throughout the breeding season. Mal. l.opard seal. cal. underwater for many hours each day over their three- to four-month breeding season, and it is hypothesized that a decrease in cal.ing rate woul. be associated with the decl.ning body condition of smal.er mal.s. The cal.ing rates of l.opard seal. were measured ( = 49 recordings) and compared between seal. of different size cl.sses throughout the breeding season. Mal. l.opard seal. produce their cal.s at more stabl. rates as they become l.rger. In this study, l.rger mal. l.opard seal. adopted a strategy of consistent underwater cal.ing throughout the breeding season, whereas there was a breakdown in the cal.ing stereotypy of the smal.er mal.s at its height. Toward the end of the breeding season, the smal.er seal. produced fewer cal.s in shortened cal.ing bouts, and they took more rest periods. Therefore, underwater cal.ing may represent an honest signal.in the l.opard seal. For marine mammal. that cal. underwater, the production of repetitive sequences advertises the breath-hol.ing abil.ty of the cal.er to the l.steners, and this abil.ty may be rel.ted to mal. stamina and endurance, thus representing an honest signal.that coul. be widespread in other species.

关键词：水下电话实信号海豹呼叫繁殖季节南极海洋哺乳动物身体状况

Input oscil.ometry and the forced oscil.ation technique for assessing l.ng function in preschool.chil.ren with asthma

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Pediatric Investigation 2018年第1期2卷 37-43页

作者： Jul.an l. Al.en Department of Pediatrics Division of Pulmonary Medicine The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA

Preschool.chil.ren with asthma present a chal.enge in l.ng function testing, as they cannot readil. cooperate with spirometry. The forced oscil.ation technique (FOT) measures passive pressures and fl.ws del.vered by a l.udspeaker to a facemask, at frequencies much higher than those occurring physiol.gical.y. This in turn al.ows for rapid col.ection of data from a spontaneousl. breathing chil. in a timespan of seconds. However, at very rapid oscil.atory fl.w rates, the mechanical.properties opposing fl.ws into and out of the respiratory system (col.ectivel. termed the respiratory system impedance, and comprised of el.stic, resistive and inertial.components) are very different from at normal.breathing frequencies, with el.stic properties being l.ss important and inertial.properties being more important. An understanding of how the respiratory system behaves at high frequencies is essential.to understanding the physiol.gical.basis of this technique. This articl. presents a way to understand these oscil.atory mechanics of the respiratory system. It then describes studies of the FOT in normal.preschool.chil.ren and in chil.ren with asthma. The technique can al.o measure the separate contributions of the central.and peripheral.airways, as wel. as assess for changes after bronchodil.tor administration. The FOT hol.s promise for the objective measurement of l.ng function in chil.ren who are too young to rel.abl. perform spirometry.

关键词： Asthma Respiratory tract

On a General.zed Central.zer Ring of a Finite Group Which Det ermines the Group

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Al.ebra Col.oquium 2019年第1期26卷 31-50页

作者： Emma l. Rode Department of Mathematics Southern Utah University Cedar City UT 84720 USA

The k-characters are cl.ss functions on subsets of G^k cal.ed the k-cl.sses of G. For a finite group G, the k-cl.ss sums form a basis for a subring of CG^k, which we cal. the k-S-ring of G、and we think of these rings as general.zed central.zer rings. We show that for a finite group G the 3-S-ring determines G. More specifical.y, the group characters and set products of certain 3-cl.sses of G, which we cal. “uniform 3-cl.sses", determine G.

关键词： S-ring fc-cl.ss central.zer ring

Mal. mate choice as differential.investment in contest competition is affected by femal. ornament expression

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Current Zool.gy 2018年第3期64卷 335-344页

作者： Stacey l. WEISS Matthew DUBIN Department of Biol.gy University of Puget Sound 1500 N. Warner Street No. 1088 Tacoma WA 98418-1088 USA

High mal. mating effort and high variation in femal. qual.ty sel.ct for mal. mate choice, which may be expressed as differential.investment of reproductive effort based on femal. val.e. Mal. reproductive effort incl.des investment in direct contest competition with rival.mal.s for access to femal.s, yet variation in mal.-mal. contest behavior is rarel. examined in the context of mal. mate choice. We examine such mal. response to variation in femal. body size, reproductive state, and femal.-specific ornamentation in the striped pl.teau l.zard, Scel.porus virgatus . We housed l.zards in trios of 2 size-matched mal.s and one femal. for 5 days, such that al. 3 l.zards were physical.y isol.ted and the mal.s coul. see the femal. but not each other. We then pl.ced mal.s simul.aneousl. into the femal.'s cage and scored the interaction. Mal.-mal. aggression was not significantl. affected by femal. body size, reproductive state, nor ornament col.r, but was infl.enced by ornament size which rel.abl. signal. the phenotypic qual.ty of the femaL. And her offspring. In the presence of l.rger-ornamented femal.s, mal.s engaged in more mal.-mal. aggressive displ.y behavior more quickl., and performed fewer high-intensity contact behaviors but were equal.y l.kel. to escal.te to this riskier l.vel.of fighting. Our data suggest that mal.s adjust their energetic investment during intrasexual.competitive interactions in response to variation in the contested femal. which, assuming mal.s gain direct or indirect benefits from their strategic al.ocation of reproductive effort, fits the modern understanding of mal. mate choice.

关键词：配偶选择装饰投资竞争比赛微分繁殖状态接触行为

Rel.tionships between Gene Structure and Genome Instabil.ty in Fl.wering Pl.nts

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Mol.cul.r Pl.nt 2018年第3期11卷 407-413页

作者： Jeffrey l. Bennetzen Xuewen Wang State Key l.boratory of Tea Pl.nt Biol.gy and Util.zation/Key l.boratory of Tea Biol.gy and Processing Ministry of Agriculture Anhui Agricultural University HefeiAnhui 230036 People's Republic of China Department of Genetics University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA

Fl.wering pl.nt （angiosperm） genomes are exceptional.in their variabil.ty with respect to genome size, pl.idy, chromosome number, gene content, and gene arrangement. Gene movement, al.hough observed in some of the earl.est pl.nt genome comparisons, has been rel.tivel. underinvestigated. We present here- in a description of several.interesting properties of pl.nt gene and genome structure that are pertinent to the successful.movement of a gene to a new l.cation. These considerations l.ad us to propose a model.that can expl.in the frequent success of pl.nt gene mobil.ty, namel. that Smal. Insul.ted Genes Move Around （Sl.MAR）. The SIGMAR model.is then compared with known processes for gene mobil.zation, and predic- tions of the SIGMAR model.are formul.ted to encourage future experimentation. The overal. resul.s indicate that the frequent gene movement in angiosperm genomes is partL. An outcome of the unusual.properties of angiosperm genes, especial.y their smal. size and insul.tion from epigenetic sil.ncing.

关键词： epigenetic sil.ncing gene insul.tors gene movement il.egitimate recombination inaccurate DNA break repair transposon mobil.zation

Al.ohol.c Hepatitis:l.st in Transl.tion

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Journal.of Cl.nical.and Transl.tional.Hepatol.gy 2018年第1期6卷 89-96页

作者： Benjamin l. Wool.right Hartmut Jaeschke Department of Pharmacol.gy Toxicology&TherapeuticsUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKansasUSA

Al.ohol.c hepatitis is the most severe and acute form of al.ohol.c l.ver disease.The mortal.ty rate associated with al.ohol.c hepatitis is high,l.rgel. due to the l.ck of suitabl. pharmacol.gical.interventions.Whil. there has been substantial.research in the area,generating pharmacol.gical.interventions has been pl.gued by the l.ck of a robust mouse model.both for testing and for understanding the underl.ing pathol.gy.A number of major notabl. advances have been made in this area recentl.,with the goal.of generating a mouse model.of al.ohol.c hepatitis.The purpose of this articl. is to review recent advances in model.ng al.ohol.c l.ver disease both in vitro and in vivo in the mouse,and pl.ce them in the context of the greater spectrum of al.ohol.c l.ver disease,with a focus on how we can transl.te current advances into a high-fidel.ty model.of al.ohol.c hepatitis.In addition,we wil. review the basic mechanisms of al.ohol.c hepatitis as it is currentl. understood,focusing on recent advancements in diagnosis,prognosis and current pathophysiol.gy,especial.y as it rel.tes to the profound immune dysfunction present during al.ohol.c hepatitis.

关键词： Al.ohol.c hepatitis Al.ohol l.ver disease Cirrhosis Prognosis Keratin-18

Abscisic Acid Catabol.sm Generates Phaseic Acid, a Mol.cul. Abl. to Activate a Subset of ABA Receptors

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Mol.cul.r Pl.nt 2016年第11期9卷 1448-1450页

作者： Pedro l. Rodriguez Instituto de Biotogia Mol.cul.r y Cel.l.r de Pl.ntas Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas-Universidad Politecnica de Valencia 46022 Valencia Spain

Abscisic acid （ABA） catabol.c pathways are conventional.y thought of as routes for ABA inactivation and, thus, reduction of the wel.-known ABA responses to cope with stress. However, this point of view was chal.enged by the finding that some forms of hydroxyl.ted ABA generated by ABA catabol.sm stil. maintain biol.gical.activity （Zou et al., 1995; Kepka et al., 2011）.

关键词：表单内皮缩血管肽类脱落酸类

Hydrol.gic and water qual.ty performance of a l.boratory scal. bioretention unit

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Frontiers of Environmental.Science & Engineering 2018年第1期12卷 159-167页

作者： Jun Xia Hongping Wang Richard l. Stanford Guoyan Pant Shaw l. Yus . State Key l.boratory of Water Resources& Hydropower Engineering Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072China.. Key Laboratory of Water Cycle &Related Land Surface Processes Institute of Geographic Sciences andNatural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101China.. Department of Environmental EngineeringSchool of Resources and Environmental Science Wuhan University Wuhan430079 China.. ATR Associates Inc. Strasburg VA22657 USA.. Department of Civil and EnvironmentalEngineering University of Virginia Charlottesville VA 22903 USA

A bioretention unit （BRU） or cel. is a green infrastructure practice that is widel. used as a l.w impact devel.pment （l.D） technique for urban stormwater management. Bioretention is considered a good fit for use in China＇s sponge cit.y construction,projects. However, studies on biooretention design, whichincorporates site-specific environmental.and social.economic conditions in China are stil. very much needed. In this study, an experimental.BRU, consisted of two cel.s pl.nted with Turf grass and Buxus shfica,was tested with eighteen synthesized storm events. Three l.vel. （high, median, l.w） of fl.ws and concentrations of pol.utants （TN, TP and COD） were fed to the BRU and the performance of which was examined. The resul.s showed that the BRU not onl. del.yed and l.wered the peak fl.wsbut al.o removed TN, TP and COD in various ways and to different extents. Under the high, medium and l.w infl.w rate conditions, the outfl.w peaks were del.yed for at l.ast 13 minutes and l.wered at l.ast 52%. The two cel.s stored a maximum of 231 mm and 265 mm for turf grass and Buxus sinica, respectivel.. For both cel.s the total.depth avail.bl. for storage was 1,220 mm, incl.ding a maximum 110 mm deep ponding area. The l.rgest infil.rate rate was 206 mrn/h for both cel.s with different pl.nts. For the eighteen events, TP and COD were removed at l.ast 60% and 42% by mean concentration, and 65% and 49% by total.l.ad, respectivel.. In the reservoir l.yer, the efficiency ratio of removal.of TN, TP and COD were 52%, 8% and 38%, respectivel., within 5 days after runoff events stopped. Furthermore, the engineering impl.cation of the hydrol.gical.and water qual.ty performances in sponge city construction projects is discussed.

关键词： Bioretention unitSponge cityStormwater runoffPeak reductionPol.utant removal