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Plastic and Aesthetic Research 2022年第1期9卷 334-350页

作者： Yoshiko Toyoda Said Azoury Andrew Bauder l.scott levin Stephen Kovach Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNY 10065USA Department of Orthopedic Surgery University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA

lower extremity amputation is increasingly prevalent in the United States,with growing numbers of patients suffering from diabetes and peripheral vascular *** has significant functional sequelae as more than half of patients are unable to ambulate at one year *** mobility and decreasing chronic post-amputation pain can significantly improve the quality of life for these patients and reduce the cost burden on the healthcare *** and reconstructive surgery has been at the forefront of“reconstructive amputation”,in which nerve pedicles can be surgically guided to decrease painful neuroma formation as well as provide targets for myoelectric prosthesis *** herein review post-amputation outcomes,epidemiology of chronic,post-amputation pain,and current treatments,including total muscle reinnervation and regenerative peripheral nerve interface,which are at the forefront of multidisciplinary treatment of lower extremity amputees.

关键词： lower extremity amputation post-amputation pain neuroma targeted muscle reinnervation regenerative peripheral nerve interface

Reduced EGFR signaling enhances cartilage destruction in a mouse osteoarthritis model

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Bone Research 2014年第3期2卷 182-193页

作者： Xianrong Zhang Ji Zhu Fei liu Yumei li Abhishek Chandra l scott levin Frank Beier Motomi Enomoto-Iwamoto ling Qin Department of Orthopaedic Surgery School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA Department of Physiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Wuhan University Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry University of Western Ontario London ONCanada Department of Surgery The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

Osteoarthritis （OA） is a degenerative joint disease and a major cause of pain and disability in older adults. We have previously identified epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR） signaling as an important regulator of cartilage matrix degradation during epiphyseal cartilage development. To study its function in OA progression, we performed surgical destabilization of the medial meniscus （DMM） to induce OA in two mouse models with reduced EGFR activity, one with genetic modification （, was/＋ mice） and the other one with pharmacological inhibition （gefitinib treatment）. Histological analyses and scoring at 3 months post-surgery revealed increased cartilage destruction and accelerated OA progression in both mouse models. TUNEl staining demonstrated that EGFR signaling protects chondrocytes from OA-induced apoptosis, which was further confirmed in primary chondrocyte culture. Immunohistochemistry showed increased aggrecan degradation in these mouse models, which coincides with elevated amounts of ADAMTS5 and matrix metalloproteinase 13 （MMP13）, the principle proteinases responsible for aggrecan degradation, in the articular cartilage after DMM surgery. Furthermore, hypoxia-inducible factor 2α （HIF2α）, a critical catabolic transcription factor stimulating MMP13 expression during OA, was also upregulated in mice with reduced EGFR signaling. Taken together, our findings demonstrate a primarily protective role of EGFR during OA progression by regulating chondrocyte survival and cartilage degradation.

关键词： EGFR Reduced EGFR signaling enhances cartilage destruction in a mouse osteoarthritis model

Soft-tissue management and reconstruction of lower-extremity trauma

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Plastic and Aesthetic Research 2022年第1期9卷 233-242页

作者： Sammy Othman Said C.Azoury Kevin M.Klifto lscott levin Stephen J.Kovach Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Northwell HealthNew YorkNY 1075USA Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department of SurgeryMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNY 1075USA Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department of SurgeryUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMO 65211USA Department of Orthopedic Surgery University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department of SurgeryUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA

Soft-tissue management and subsequent salvage of the lower extremity following trauma has long presented difficult challenges to the plastic *** to the lower extremity can produce long-term sequelae consisting of psychological trauma,functional deficits,and increased costs to the healthcare *** incorrect management is important,and is compounded by the fact that few guidelines exist on appropriate treatment and patient *** study aims to describe the authors’experience at a large limb salvage center in order to further delineate management strategies.

关键词： Reconstructive surgery trauma lower extremity microsurgery soft-tissue

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同种异体肺和复合组织序贯移植大鼠模型研究

上海交通大学学报（医学版） 2011年第12期31卷 1719-1723页

作者：王守宝张睿智刘菲罗旭松杨军 l.scott levin 上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院整形外科上海200011 台湾佛教慈济综合医院胸心血管外科花莲94848325 美国宾夕法尼亚大学附属医院整形外科

目的探讨大鼠同种异体序贯复合组织移植(SCTA)对先前实质器官移植免疫效应的影响。方法取WKY大鼠左肺原位移植到F344大鼠,应用Cuff技术分别吻合左肺动脉、左肺静脉及主支气管。术后对F344大鼠应用环孢素(CsA)5 mg/kg隔日皮下注射,共10 d... 详细信息

目的探讨大鼠同种异体序贯复合组织移植(SCTA)对先前实质器官移植免疫效应的影响。方法取WKY大鼠左肺原位移植到F344大鼠,应用Cuff技术分别吻合左肺动脉、左肺静脉及主支气管。术后对F344大鼠应用环孢素(CsA)5 mg/kg隔日皮下注射,共10 d;以呼吸频率检测移植左肺功能。肺移植后第11天,取Brown Norway大鼠腹部3 cm×3 cm肌皮瓣原位移植至F344大鼠,皮瓣吻合血管为股动脉和股静脉,皮瓣移植后停止应用免疫抑制剂。同种异体复合组织移植(CTA)10 d后,取移植皮瓣和肺组织行组织病理学检查,观察排斥反应。结果大鼠肺移植手术成功率90%,CTA手术成功率100%,SCTA成功率90%。移植肺的呼吸频率从移植10 d后(应用免疫抑制剂10 d)的(61±10)次/min增加到移植20 d后(停用免疫抑制剂10 d)的(75±15)次/min。移植肺显示出典型的急性免疫排斥反应,包括血管周围及肺组织内弥漫的淋巴细胞浸润。自体移植腹壁皮瓣病理组织学检查未发现免疫排斥反应,CTA术后皮瓣显示典型血管周围及皮瓣内弥漫的淋巴细胞浸润。结论 SCTA大鼠模型的建立对于实质器官移植后CTA及二次移植免疫抑制方案的研究具有重要意义。

关键词：序贯移植同种异体复合组织移植肺移植大鼠模型

雷公藤内酯醇与小剂量环孢霉素在大鼠异体腹部皮瓣移植后联合应用的实验研究

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雷公藤内酯醇与小剂量环孢霉素在大鼠异体腹部皮瓣移植后联合应用...

Prediction of the flooding area of the northeastern Caspian Sea from satellite images

中华医学会整形外科学分会第十一次全国会议、中国人民解放军整形外科学专业委员会学术交流会、中国中西医结合学会医学美容专业委员会全国会议

作者：杨军罗旭松王守宝刘菲 l.scott levin 上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院复外科 Department of Surgery Division of Plastic Surgery and the Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of Pennsylvania

Background:In an effort to develop new immunosuppressive therapy for composite tissue allotransplantation(CTA),we investigated the effects of combination of cyclosporineA(CsA) and triptolide,an active component of traditional Chinese medicine Tripterygium extracts,on the survival of abdominal skin flap. Methods:Forty transplantations of VSA across a strong MHC barrier were performed- between Brown Norway (RT1Ac) donors and F344(RT1A1) recipients in five ***(groupⅠ) and allograft rejection controls (groupⅡ) received no *** first week post-transplant, treatment groups received a protocol of CsA 16mg/kg/d(groupⅢ),or triptolide 0.125 mg/kg/d(groupⅣ),or CsA 8 mg/kg/d + triptolide 0.125 mg/kg/d(group V),or CsA 4 mg/kg/d + triptolide 0.125 mg/kg/d(group VI).In 2 to 12 weeks(next 11 wks) post-transplant,dosage of CsA in three groups(Ⅲ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ) was reduced (maintained) to one fourth of starting *** skin flap transplants were evaluated on a daily ***? c chimerism was determined by ?ow cytometry(FC). Results:Transplants under triptolide monotherapy were rejected between 2-3 *** as CsA monotherapy groups,all abdominal skin flap under the combined protocols of CsA and triptolide were viable at 12 weeks post-transplant,the end point of this *** examination confirmed viability of all allograft components without signs of rejection and internal organ *** analysis revealed 7.39%±of donor-speci?c chimerism in peripheral blood on week 12 in groupⅥ,higher than 6.84%±of chimerism under CsA alone protocol,but without statistical significance(p>0.05). Conclusions:combination of triptolide and a subtherapeutic dose of CsA is applicable to CTA,meaning alleviated calcineurin inhibitor related drug -toxicity and reduced treatment ***,this study suggested traditional Chinese medicine might be a valuable source for new immunosuppression therapy exploring.

关键词：雷公藤内酯醇皮瓣移植小剂量环孢霉素

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2023年第2期14卷 191-200页

作者： Anzhelika T.Kamza Irina A.Kuznetsova Eugene l.levin Satbayev University Almaty 050013Kazakhstan limited partnership"International Educational Corporation" Almaty 050043Kazakhstan School of Applied Computational Sciences Meharry Medical CollegeTennessee 37208USA

Studying the dynamic changes in the coastline of the northeastern Caspian Sea is significant since the level of the Caspian is unstable,and the coastline change can cause enormous damage to the ecology,economy,and population of the coastal part of *** this work,we use remote sensing and Geographic Information System(GIS)technologies to study the changes in the coastline of the northeastern Caspian Sea and predict the extent of flooding with increasing water *** proposed methodology for creating dynamic maps can be used to monitor the coastline and forecast the extent of flooding in the *** a result of this work,the main factors affecting changes in the coastline were *** analyzing the water level data from 1988 to 2019,it was revealed that the rise in water level was observed from 1980 to *** maximum sea level rise was recorded at-26.04 *** that,the sea level began to fall,and between 1996 and 2009,there were no significant changes;the water level fluctuated with an average of-27.18 ***,a map of the water level dynamics in the Caspian Sea from 1988 to 2019 was *** to the dynamics map,water level rise and significant coastal retreat were revealed,especially in the northern part of the Caspian Sea and the northern and southern parts of Sora *** method for predicting the estimated flooding area was *** a result,based on a single map,the flooding area of the northeast coast was predicted.A comparative analysis of landsat and SRTM data is presented.

关键词： Caspian Sea Seabed Earth remote sensing GIS landsat Prediction of the flooding area Ecology of coastline SRTM

Purinergic signaling systems across comparative models of spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第3期17卷 2391-2398页

作者： Eva E.Stefanova Angela l.scott Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine McMaster UniversityHamiltonONCanada

Within the last several decades,the scientific community has made substantial progress in elucidating the complex pathophysiology underlying spinal cord ***,despite the many advances using conventional mammalian models,both cellular and axonal regeneration following spinal cord injury have remained out of *** this sense,turning to non-mammalian,regenerative species presents a unique opportunity to identify pro-regenerative cues and chara cterize a spinal cord microenvironment permissive to *** the signaling pathways hypothesized to be dysregulated during spinal cord injury is the purinergic signaling *** addition to its well-known role as energy currency in cells,ATP and its metabolites are small molecule neurotransmitte rs that mediate many diverse cellular processes within the central nervous *** our unde rstanding of the roles of the purinergic system following spinal cord injury is limited,this signaling pathway has been implicated in all injury-induced secondary processes,including cellular death,inflammation,reactive gliosis,and neural *** that the purinergic system is also evolutionarily conserved between mammalian and non-mammalian species,comparisons of these roles may provide important insights into conditions responsible for recovery ***,we compare the secondary processes between key model species and the influence of purinergic signaling in each *** our understanding of this signaling system and pro-regenerative conditions continues to evolve,so does the potential for the development of novel therapeutic interventions for spinal cord injury.

关键词： cell death differenriation glia inflammation neurogenesis proliferation purinergic signaling reactive gliosis regeneration spinal cord injury teleost

Perspectives:Gene expression in fisheries management

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Current Zoology 2010年第1期56卷 157-174页

作者： Jennifer l.NIElSEN scott A.PAVEY US Geological Survey Alaska Science Center Department of Biological Sciences Simon Frasier University National Park Service

Functional genes and gene expression have been connected to physiological traits linked to effective production and broodstock selection in aquaculture, selective implications of commercial fish harvest, and adaptive changes reflected in non-commercial fish populations subject to human disturbance and climate change. Gene mapping using single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） to identify functional genes, gene expression （analogue microarrays and real-time PCR）, and digital sequencing technologies looking at RNA transcripts present new concepts and opportunities in support of effective and sustainable fisheries. Genomic tools have been rapidly growing in aquaculture research addressing aspects of fish health, toxicology, and early development. Genomic technologies linking effects in functional genes involved in growth, maturation and life history development have been tied to selection resulting from harvest practices. Incorporating new and ever-increasing knowledge of fish gehomes is opening a different perspective on local adaptation that will prove invaluable in wild fish conservation and management. Conservation of fish stocks is rapidly incorporating research on critical adaptive responses directed at the effects of human dis- turbance and climate change through gene expression studies. Genomic studies of fish populations can be generally grouped into three broad categories： l） evolutionary genomics and biodiversity; 2） adaptive physiological responses to a changing environment; and 3） adaptive behavioral genomics and life history diversity. We review current genomic research in fisheries focusing on those that use microarrays to explore differences in gene expression among phenotypes and within or across populations, information that is critically important to the conservation of fish and their relationship to humans [Current Zoology 56 （1）： 157-174, 2010].

关键词： Fish genome Fisheries management Conservation Gene expression

Technology advancing the study of animalcognition： using virtual reality to presentvirtually simulated environments to investigatenonhuman primate spatial cognition

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Current Zoology 2017年第1期63卷 97-108页

作者： Francine l. DOlINS Kenneth SCHWEllER scott MIlNE Department of Behavioral Sciences University of Michigan-Dearborn Dearborn MI 48128 USA Ape Cognition and Conservation Initiative Des Moines IA USA Impact Madagascar Nanisana Antananarivo 101Madagascar Africa

Virtual simulated environments provide multiple ways of testing cognitive function and evaluatingproblem solving with humans （e.g., Woollett et al. 2009）. The use of such interactive technologyhas increasingly become an essential part of modern life （e.g., autonomously driving vehicles, glo-bal positioning systems （GPS）, and touchscreen computers; Chinn and Fairlie 2007; Brown 2011）.While many nonhuman animals have their own forms of technology, such as chimpanzees whocreate and use tools, in captive animal environments the opportunity to actively participate withinteractive technology is not often made available. Exceptions can be found in some state-of-the-art zoos and laboratory facilities （e.g., Mallavarapu and Kuhar 2005）. When interactive technologyis available, captive animals often selectively choose to engage with it. This enhances the animal＇ssense of control over their immediate surroundings （e.g., Clay et al. 2011; Ackerman 2012）. Suchself-efficacy may help to fulfill basic requirements in a species＇ daily activities using problem solv-ing that can involve foraging and other goal-oriented behaviors. It also assists in fulfilling thestrong underlying motivation for contrafreeloading and exploration expressed behaviorally bymany species in captivity （Young 1999）. Moreover, being able to present nonhuman primates vir-tual reality environments under experimental conditions provides the opportunity to gain insightinto their navigational abilities and spatial cognition. It allows for insight into the generation andapplication of internal mental representations of landmarks and environments under multiple con-ditions （e.g., small- and large-scale space） and subsequent spatial behavior. This paper reviewsmethods using virtual reality developed to investigate the spatial cognitive abilities of nonhumanprimates, and great apes in particular, in comparison with that of humans of multiple age *** make recommendations about training, best practices, and also pi

关键词： animal cognition, apes, bonobos, chimpanzees, nonhuman primates, spatial cognition, virtual reality.

Modelling sulphate-enhanced cadmium uptake by Zea mays from nutrient solution under conditions of constant free Cd^(2+) ion activity

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第7期22卷 1080-1085页

作者： Ulrico J.lópez-Chuken scott D.Young Division of Environmental Sciences School of ChemistryUniversidad Autónoma de Nuevo León Division of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences School of Biosciencesthe University of Nottingham

A controlled hydroponic experiment was undertaken to investigate Cd uptake in relation to the activity of Cd species in solution other than the free ion （Cd^2＋） by maintaining a constant Cd^2＋ activity under variable SO4^2- and Cl^- concentrations exposed to maize （Zea mays vat. Cameron） plants. The objectives of these experiments were：（1） to distinguish and quantify the different uptake rates of free and inorganic-complexed Cd from nutrient solution, and （2） to model the uptake of Cd by maize with a Biotic ligand Model （BlM） in a system which facilitates the close examination of root characteristics. Results of the current experiments suggest that, in addition to the free ion, CdSO4^0 complexes are important factors in determining Cd uptake in nutrient solution by maize plants. Higher nominal SO4^2- concentrations in solution generally resulted in a greater Cd accumulation by maize plants than predicted by the Cd^2＋ activity. A better integration of the complete dataset for the 3 harvest times （6, 9 and 11 days after treatment） was achieved by including consideration of both the duration of Cd exposure and especially the root surface area to express Cd uptake. Similarly, the fit of the BlM was also improved when taking into account exposure time and expressing uptake in terms of root morphological parameters.

关键词： free ion activity model biotic ligand model root surface area Cd complexation metal exposure time hydroponics plant uptake