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Pathogenesis and clinical features of severe hepatitis E virus infection

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World Journal of Virology 2024年第2期13卷 19-33页

作者： lászlóOrosz Károly Péter Sárvári Áron Dernovics András Rosztóczy Klára Megyeri Department of Medical Microbiology University of SzegedSzeged 6720Csongrád-CsanádHungary Department of Internal Medicine Division of GastroenterologyUniversity of SzegedSzeged 6725Csongrád-CsanádHungary

The hepatitis E virus(HEV),a member of the Hepeviridae family,is a small,non-enveloped icosahedral virus divided into eight distinct genotypes(HEV-1 to HEV-8).Only genotypes 1 to 4 are known to cause diseases in humans.Genotypes 1 and 2 commonly spread via fecal-oral transmission,often through the consum-ption of contaminated water.Genotypes 3 and 4 are known to infect pigs,deer,and wild boars,often transferring to humans through inadequately cooked meat.Acute hepatitis caused by HEV in healthy individuals is mostly asymptomatic or associated with minor symptoms,such as jaundice.However,in immunosup-pressed individuals,the disease can progress to chronic hepatitis and even escalate to cirrhosis.For pregnant women,an HEV infection can cause fulminant liver failure,with a potential mortality rate of 25%.Mortality rates also rise amongst cirrhotic patients when they contract an acute HEV infection,which can even trigger acute-on-chronic liver failure if layered onto pre-existing chronic liver disease.As the prevalence of HEV infection continues to rise worldwide,highlighting the particular risks associated with severe HEV infection is of major medical interest.This text offers a brief summary of the characteristics of hepatitis developed by patient groups at an elevated risk of severe HEV infection.

关键词： Hepatitis E virus Cirrhosis Acute-on-chronic liver failure Pregnancy Immune dysfunction Open reading frames 1-4

Silk-based nerve guidance conduits with macroscopic holes modulate the vascularization of regenerating rat sciatic nerve

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1789-1800页

作者： Carina Hromada Patrick Heimel Markus Kerbl lászlóGál Sylvia Nürnberger Barbara Schaedl James Ferguson Nicole Swiadek Xavier Monforte Johannes C.Heinzel Antal Nógrádi Andreas H.Teuschl-Woller David Hercher Department life Science Engineering University of Applied Sciences Technikum WienViennaAustria Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration ViennaAustria ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVAViennaAustria University Clinic of Dentistry Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic SurgeryLandesklinikum Wiener Neustadt2700 Wiener NeustadtAustria Department of Anatomy Histology and EmbryologyAlbert Szent-Györgyi Medical SchoolUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary Medical University of Vienna Department of Orthopedics and Trauma SurgeryDevision of Trauma SurgeryViennaAustria Department of Hand- PlasticReconstructive and Burn SurgeryBG Unfallklinik TuebingenUniversity of TuebingenTuebingenGermany

Peripheral nerve injuries induce a severe motor and sensory deficit. Since the availability of autologous nerve transplants for nerve repair is very limited, alternative treatment strategies are sought, including the use of tubular nerve guidance conduits(tNGCs). However, the use of tNGCs results in poor functional recovery and central necrosis of the regenerating tissue, which limits their application to short nerve lesion defects(typically shorter than 3 cm). Given the importance of vascularization in nerve regeneration, we hypothesized that enabling the growth of blood vessels from the surrounding tissue into the regenerating nerve within the tNGC would help eliminate necrotic processes and lead to improved regeneration. In this study, we reported the application of macroscopic holes into the tubular walls of silk-based tNGCs and compared the various features of these improved silk^(+) tNGCs with the tubes without holes(silk^(–) tNGCs) and autologous nerve transplants in an 8-mm sciatic nerve defect in rats. Using a combination of micro-computed tomography and histological analyses, we were able to prove that the use of silk^(+) tNGCs induced the growth of blood vessels from the adjacent tissue to the intraluminal neovascular formation. A significantly higher number of blood vessels in the silk^(+) group was found compared with autologous nerve transplants and silk^(–), accompanied by improved axon regeneration at the distal coaptation point compared with the silk^(–) tNGCs at 7 weeks postoperatively. In the 15-mm(critical size) sciatic nerve defect model, we again observed a distinct ingrowth of blood vessels through the tubular walls of silk^(+) tNGCs, but without improved functional recovery at 12 weeks postoperatively. Our data proves that macroporous tNGCs increase the vascular supply of regenerating nerves and facilitate improved axonal regeneration in a short-defect model but not in a critical-size defect model. This study suggests that further optimization of the macroscopic holes silk^(+) tNGC approac

关键词： axon regeneration blood vessel functional recovery macroporous nerve lesion peripheral nerve repair sciatic nerve silk-based nerve guidance conduit vascularization

On the functions of astrocyte-mediated neuronal slow inward currents

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第12期19卷 2602-2612页

作者： Balázs Pál Department of Physiology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary

Slow inward currents are known as neuronal excitatory currents mediated by glutamate release and activation of neuronal extra synaptic N-met hyl-D-aspartate receptors with the contribution of astrocytes.These events are significantly slower than the excitatory postsynaptic currents.Parameters of slow inward currents are determined by seve ral factors including the mechanisms of astrocytic activation and glutamate release,as well as the diffusion pathways from the release site towards the extra synaptic recepto rs.Astrocytes are stimulated by neuronal network activity,which in turn excite neurons,forming an astrocyte-neuron feedback loop.Mostly as a consequence of brain edema,astrocytic swelling can also induce slow inward currents under pathological conditions.There is a growing body of evidence on the roles of slow inward currents on a single neuron or local network level.These events often occur in synchro ny on neurons located in the same astrocytic domain.Besides synchronization of neuronal excitability,slow inward currents also set synaptic strength via eliciting timing-dependent synaptic plasticity.In addition,slow inward currents are also subject to non-synaptic plasticity triggered by long-la sting stimulation of the excitatory inputs.Of note,there might be important regionspecific differences in the roles and actions triggering slow inward currents.In greater networks,the pathophysiological roles of slow inward currents can be better understood than physiological ones.Slow inward currents are identified in the pathophysiological background of autism,as slow inward currents drive early hypersynchrony of the neural networks.Slow inward currents are significant contributors to paroxysmal depolarizational shifts/interictal spikes.These events are related to epilepsy,but also found in Alzheimer's disease,Parkinson's disease,and stroke,leading to the decline of cognitive functions.Events with features overlapping with slow inward currents(excitatory,N-methyl-Daspartate-receptor mediated currents with astrocyti

关键词： astrocyte cortical spreading depolarization gliotransmission glutamate neural synchronization NMDA receptor paroxysmal depolarizational shift slow inward current

Carbon Monoxide as C1 Building Block in Fine Chemical Synthesis

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2024年第2期42卷 199-221页

作者： Rui M.B.Carrilho Mario J.F.Calvete Gabor Mikle laszlo Kollar Mariette M.Pereira University of Coimbra Coimbra Chemistry CentreDepartment of ChemistryRua Larga3004-535 CoimbraPortugal Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry and ElKH-PTE Research Groupfor Selective Chemical Syntheses University of PecsIfjusag utja 6H-7624 PecsHungary

Carbon monoxide(CO)has become one of the most relevant and versatile renewable C1 building blocks for chemical synthesis,especially in the fine chemicals industry,due to the development of efficient and selective catalysts for its activation.In this review,we present a comprehensive critical analysis of the last 10 years literature on the use of CO as a renewable feedstock for fine chemicals production.The review is organized by type of catalytic reaction,namely alkene and alkyne carbonylation,hydroformylation,carbonylation of aryl halides,carbonylative cross-coupling and C-H carbonylation.Notable examples of the synthesis of relevant building blocks and/or known pharmaceuticals are highlighted.Emphasis is placed on examples of utilizing CO as the C1 building block in one or more catalytic steps.The catalyst used and the reaction conditions are consistently presented throughout all of the examples.

关键词： Carbon monoxide Fine chemicals Carbonylation Hydroformylation C-H functionalization

Complex-frequency waves:beat loss and win sensitivity

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light(Science & Applications) 2024年第2期13卷 181-183页

作者： Qingqing Cheng Tao l School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai200093China Department of Respiratory Diseases and Critical Medicine Quzhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical UniversityQuzhou324000China National laboratory of Solid State Microstructures College of Engineering and Applied SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjing210093China

Recent experiments have demonstrated that synthesized complex-frequency waves can impart a virtual gain to molecule sensing systems,which can effectively restore information lost due to intrinsic molecular damping.The enhancement notably amplifies the signal of trace molecular vibrational fingerprints,thereby substantially improving the upper limit of sensitivity.

关键词： thereby Complex limit

Effect of radiative loss mechanisms on FIR thermometric parameters of Nd3+-doped lithium tellurite glasses

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第7期42卷 1250-1257页

作者： C.Y.Morassuti A.P.l Silva l.A.O.Nunes S.M.lima l.H.C.Andrade Optical and Photothermal Spectroscopy Group (GEOF) Center for Studies in Natural Resources (CERNA)State University of Mato Grosso do Sul(UEMS) Renato Archer Information Technology Center Institute of Physics of Sao Carlos University of S?o Paulo

Nd3+-doped tellurite glasses are promising materials for thermometers based on the fluorescence intensity ratio（FIR） technique.Nevertheless,at high Nd3+concentrations,energy transfer（ET） processes such as optical reabsorption and cross-relaxation can affect the Nd3+emission,which has been little explored in the literature.Therefore,the present work investigated the use of Nd3+-doped tellurite glass(samples doped with Nd3+at 0.2 mol%,0.5 mol%,2.0 mol%,and 4.0 mol%) in fluorescence thermometers,in the temperature range from 299 to 371 K.The results indicate a strong dependence of the FIR parameters on the Nd3+concentration,due to changes in the emission band profiles caused by optical reabsorption of the Nd3+emissions and cross-relaxation processes.A decrease of the relative sensitivity of the ratio4F5/2→4I9/2/4F3/2→4I9/2is observed for samples doped with higher amounts of Nd3+.The maximum relative sensitivity at 299 K is 3.00%/K,which is the highest value among the reported Nd3+ions.

关键词： Fluorescence intensity ratio Judd-Ofelt Nd3+-doped tellurite glass Optical thermometry Rare earths

Cognition and movement in neurodegenerative disorders:a dynamic duo

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第10期19卷 2101-2102页

作者： Marit F.l.Ruitenberg Department of Health Medical and NeuropsychologyLeiden UniversityLeidenthe Netherlands leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition Leidenthe Netherlands

People with neurodegenerative disorders often experience problems across a variety of functional domains,including cognition,movement,and psychosocial functioning.The classification of these disorders is based on the phenotypical manifestations that represent the most prominent clinical features.For example,Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease are typically regarded as movement disorders,whereas Alzheimer's disease(AD) and other dementias are regarded as cognitive disorders.

关键词： disorders Huntington degenerative

Comparison of layer-stacking and Dempster-Shafer Theory-based Methods Using Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 Data Fusion in Urban land Cover Mapping

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2022年第3期25卷 425-438页

作者： Dang Hung Bui lászlóMucsi Department of Geoinformatics Physical and Environmental GeographyUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary Institute for Environmental Science Engineering and ManagementIndustrial University of Ho Chi Minh CityHo Chi Minh CityVietnam

Data fusion has shown potential to improve the accuracy of land cover mapping,and selection of the optimal fusion technique remains a challenge.This study investigated the performance of fusing Sentinel-1(S-1)and Sentinel-2(S-2)data,using layer-stacking method at the pixel level and Dempster-Shafer(D-S)theory-based approach at the decision level,for mapping six land cover classes in Thu Dau Mot City,Vietnam.At the pixel level,S-1 and S-2 bands and their extracted textures and indices were stacked into the different single-sensor and multi-sensor datasets(i.***.fused datasets).The datasets were categorized into two groups.One group included the datasets containing only spectral and backscattering bands,and the other group included the datasets consisting of these bands and their extracted features.The random forest(RF)classifier was then applied to the datasets within each group.At the decision level,the RF classification outputs of the single-sensor datasets within each group were fused together based on D-S theory.Finally,the accuracy of the mapping results at both levels within each group was compared.The results showed that fusion at the decision level provided the best mapping accuracy compared to the results from other products within each group.The highest overall accuracy(OA)and Kappa coefficient of the map using D-S theory were 92.67%and 0.91,respectively.The decision-level fusion helped increase the OA of the map by 0.75%to 2.07%compared to that of corresponding S-2 products in the groups.Meanwhile,the data fusion at the pixel level delivered the mapping results,which yielded an OA of 4.88%to 6.58%lower than that of corresponding S-2 products in the groups.

关键词： land cover mapping data fusion random forest Dempster-Shafer theory optical data radar data pixel level decision level

Time-inconsistent stochastic linear-quadratic control problem with indefinite control weight costs

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Science China Mathematics 2024年第1期67卷 211-236页

作者： Qi lü Bowen Ma School of Mathematics Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610064China

A time-inconsistent linear-quadratic optimal control problem for stochastic differential equations is studied.We introduce conditions where the control cost weighting matrix is possibly singular.Under such conditions,we obtain a family of closed-loop equilibrium strategies via multi-person differential games.This result extends Yong’s work(2017) in the case of stochastic differential equations,where a unique closed-loop equilibrium strategy can be derived under standard conditions(namely,the control cost weighting matrix is uniformly positive definite,and the other weighting coefficients are positive semidefinite).

关键词： linear-quadratic optimal control problem time-inconsistent cost functional generalized Riccati equation indefinite control weight cost closed-loop equilibrium strategy