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Influence of smoke, heat and fire on germination of woody species occurring in the dry valleys of southwest China

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Journal of Plant ecology 2019年第6期12卷 931-940页

作者： Mareike Roeder Weidong Yang kyle W.Tomlinson Center for Integrative Conservation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglunMenglaYunnan 666303China Institute of Floodplain ecology Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyJosefstraße 1D–76437 RastattGermany

Aims Savannahs depend on fire for their *** influences regeneration from seeds in several ways:it converts the environment into a more open space which can benefit the establishment of seedlings,and fire itself can also enhance germination by chemical and physical cues,such as smoke and *** is limited information as to how seed of Asian savannah species respond to fire,even though Asia has several dry vegetation types that are associated with *** main question was whether fire enhances or triggers the germination of woody species occurring in southwest Chinese dry valleys,which have savannah *** We conducted tests with heat(80°C)and smoke solution treatments,and tests with real fire by burning grass on top of sand trays containing *** tested 35 species,including savannah species,and gully and forest *** on seed availability,not all species were tested for all ***-six species had total germination>4%and these were used for *** Findings Heat increased germination of three species(strongest reaction:Dodonaea viscosa),smoke increased germination of five species(strongest reaction:Calotropis gigantea).Both treatments decreased germination for five and seven species,*** fire was detrimental for most species,except for ***,which is known to respond positively to heat *** though fire-related cues were not a trigger for germination for most species in our study,fire could still be crucial for regeneration by competition release.

关键词： smoke water burning biomass germination time Dodonaea viscosa Calotropis gigantea seed mass water content dark germination

Prime waterfront real estate： Apple snails choose wild taro for oviposition sites

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Current Zoology 2011年第5期57卷 630-641页

作者： Colin H. kyle Alexis W. KROPF Romi L. BURKS Department of ecology and evolution University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637 USA Department of Biology Southwestern University Georgetown TX 78626 USA

While difficult to prevent introductions, scientific research can help guide control efforts of exotic, invasive species. South American island apple snails Pomacea insularum have quickly spread across the United States Gulf Coast and few control measures exist to delay their spread. Usually occupying cryptic benthic habitats, female apple snails crawl out of the water to de-posit large, bright pink egg clutches on emergent objects. To help identify the most likely place to find and remove clutches, we conducted four lab experiments to investigate what specific object qualifies （i.e. material; shape and height; plant species; natural and artificial） attracted P. insularum females to lay clutches. In our fourth experiment, we specifically examined the relationship between female size and reproductive output. To further understand reproductive output, we quantified experimental clutch chara-cteristics （height above water, dimensions, mass, approximate volume, number of eggs, hatching efficiency）. Pomacea insu-larum females laid more clutches on plant material, chose round over flat surfaces and failed to differentiate between tall and short structures. In comparison to a common native plant in the eastern US, Pontederia cordata, snails clearly preferred to lay clutches on a widely distributed exotic, invasive plant （wild taro, Colocasia esculenta）. Unexpectedly, smaller snails showed higher overall total fecundity as well as more eggs per clutch than larger snails. Therefore, hand removal efforts of large fe-males may not be enough to slow down clutch production. Collectively, our results indicate that conservationists and managers should search emergent plants for P. insularum clutches carefully to guard against established populations [Current Zoology 57 （5）： 630-641, 2011].

关键词： Colocasia Wild taro Fecundity Substrate Reproduction Facilitation

Modulation of human global/local perception by low spatial frequency filtering

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2003年第21期48卷 2336-2339页

作者： HANShihui J.A.Weaver S.O.murray KANGXiaojian e.W.Yund D.L.Woods DepartmentofPsychology CenterforBrainandCognitiveSciencesPekingUniversityBeijing100871China DepartmentofNeurology UniversityofCaliforniaatDavisVANorthernCaliforniaSystemofClinicsDavisCA95616USA

We investigated the effect of low spatial fre-quency (SF) filtering on neural substrates underlying global and local processing in the peripheral vision by measuring hemodynamic responses with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Subjects identified global or local shapes of compound letters that were either broadband in spatial- frequency spectrum or contrast balanced (CB) to removed low SFs and displayed randomly in the left or right visual fields. Attention to both broadband and CB global shapes generated stronger activation over the medial occipital cor-tex relative to local attention. Lateralized activations in association with global processing were observed over the right temporal-parietal junction for broadband stimuli whereas over the right fusiform gyrus for CB stimuli. Atten-tion to CB local shapes resulted in activations in the medial frontal cortex, bilateral inferior frontal and superior tempo-ral cortices. The results were discussed in terms of the competition between global and local information in determining brain activations in association with global/local processing of compound stimuli.

关键词：神经系统血液动力学功能磁性共振图空间频率光谱

In vivo percutaneous reflectance spectroscopy of fatty liver development in rats suggests that the elevation of the scattering power is an early indicator of hepatic steatosis

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2018年第4期11卷 53-71页

作者： Daqing Piao Jerry W.Ritchey GReed Holyoak Corey R.Wall Nigar Sultana Jill K.murray Kenneth e.Bartels School of electrical and Computer engineering Oklahoma State University 202 Engineering South StillwaterOK 74078USA Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences Center for Veterinary Health Sciences 002 VTH Oklahoma State University StillwaterOK 74078USA Department of Veterinary Pathobiology Center for Veterinary Health Sciences Oklahoma State University 250 McElroy Hall StillwaterOK 74078USA Graduate Program on Interdisciplinary Sciences Oklahoma State University StillwaterOK 74078USA

This study assessed whether there was a scat tering spectral mar ker quantifiable by reflectance measurements that could indicate early development of hepatic steatosis in rats for potential applications to pre procurement organ *** rats were fed a methionine choline-deficient(MCD)diet and eight rats were fed a normal *** assessment of the liver parenchyma of rats in vivo was performed by percut aneous reflect ance spectroscopy using a single fiber probe at the beginning of diet-intake and arbitrary post-diet-intake times up to 11 weeks to render longitudinal *** sampling of the liver over the duration of diet adm inistration was performed on two MCD diet treated rats and one control rat eutha-nized after reflectance spectroscopy *** images of hematoxylin/eosin-stained liver specimens were analyzed morphometrically to evahuate the lipid size changes associated with the level of *** MCD-diet-treated group(n=16)had mild steatosis in seven rats,moderate in three rats,severe in six rats,and no other significant *** control rats(n=8)developed hepatic *** the parameters retrieved from per-SfS,only the scat tering power(can be either positive or negative)appeared to be statist ically diferent between MCD-treated and control *** scattering power for the 16 MCD-diet-treated livers at the time of euthanasia and presenting various levels of steatosis was 033±0.21,in comparison to 0.036±0.25 of the eight control livers(p=0.0189).When evaluated at days 12 and 13 combined,the scattering power of the 16 MCD-diet-treated livers was 032±0.17,in comparison to 0.10±0.11 of the eight control livers(p=0.0017).All of four MCD-treated livers harvested at days 12 and 13 presented mild steatosis with sub-micron size lipid droplets,even though none of the MCD-treated livers were sonogr aphically remarkable for fatty *** elevation of the scattering power may be a valuable marker indicating ear

关键词： Hepatic steatosis difuse reflect ance spectroscopy liver transplant

Deformation induced decoupling between U-Pb and trace elements in titanite revealed through petrochronology and study of localized deformation

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第2期14卷 217-240页

作者： Charles Kavanagh-Lepage Félix Gervais kyle Larson Riccardo Graziani Abdelali Moukhsil Département des génies civils géologiques et des minesPolytechnique MontréalMontréal H3T 1J4QuébecCanada earth and environmental Sciences IKBSASUniversity of British Columbia Okanagan3247 University WayKelownaBC V1V 1V7Canada Natural Resources Canada Government of Canada601 Booth St.OttawaON K1A 0E8Canada Direction de l’acquisition des connaissances géoscientifiques Ministère de l’Énergie et des Ressources naturelles du Québec57004e Avenue Ouest QuébecQC G1H 6R1QuébecCanada

In this contribution,we analyzed a pair of mafic samples collected from a recently identified shear zone and its proximal footwall from the Manicouagan Imbricate Zone(MIZ)of the central Grenville Province,Québec,*** petrochronology,metamorphic phase equilibria modelling,trace element thermometry,and electron backscattered diffraction data were used to define a Pressure-Temperature-timeDeformation path for the two *** interconnected dislocation network within titanite grains,as outlined with Kerneled Average Misorientation maps,are spatially correlated with variation in the U-Pb system but not with that observed for trace element These results suggest that the U-Pb system was decoupled from trace and rare earth elements and that deformation,rather than interface-coupled dissolution-precipitation reactions or re-crystallisation,was the main driver for this *** addition to highlighting a potential pitfall of titanite petrochronology,our P-T-t-D path reveals that ductile shear zones were active later than previously suggested within the MIZ.

关键词： Titanite petrochronology U-Pb Geochronology Phase equilibria modelling Trace elements Deformation Decoupling

Did maize domestication and early spread mediate the population genetics of corn leafhopper?

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Insect Science 2019年第3期26卷 569-586页

作者： Julio S. Bernal Amanda M. Davila-Flores Raul F. Medina Yolanda H. Chen kyle.e. Harrison Kimberly A. Berrier Department of entomology Texas A&M University College Station Texas USA Department of Plant and Soil Sciences University of Vermont Burlington Vermont USA

Investigating how crop domestication and early farming mediated crop attributes, distributions, and interactions with antagonists may shed light on today's agricultural pest problems. Crop domestication generally involved artificial selection for traits desirable to early farmers, for example, in creased productivity or yield, and enhanced qualities, though invariably it altered the interactions between crops and insects, and expanded the geographical ranges of crops. Thus, some studies suggest that with crop domestication and spread, insect populations on wild crop ancestors gave rise to pestiferous insect populations on crops. Here, we addressed whether the emergence of corn leafhopper (Dalbulus ma id is) as an agricultural pest may be associated with domestication and early spread of maize (Zea mays mays). We used AFLP markers and mitochondrial COI sequences to assess population genetic structuring and haplotype relationships among corn leafhopper samples from maize and its wild relative Zea diploperennis from multiple locations in Mexico and Argentina. We uncovered seven corn leafhopper haplotypes contained within two haplogroups, one haplogroup containing haplotypes associated with maize and the other containing haplotypes associated with Z. diploperennis in a mountainous habitat. Within the first haplogroup, one haplotype was predominant across Mexican locations, and another across Argentinean locations;both were considered pestiferous. We suggested that the divergence times of the maize-associated haplogroup and of the "pestiferous" haplotypes are correlated with the chronology of maize spread following its domestication. Overall, our results support a hypothesis positing that maize domestication favored corn leafhopper genotypes preadapted for exploiting maize so that they became pestiferous, and that with the geographical expansi on of maize farming, corn leafhopper colonized Z. diploperennis, a host exclusive to secluded habitats that serves as a refuge fo

关键词： Dalbulus maidis haplotype network analysis perennial teosinte population genetic structuring Zea diploperennis Zea mays mays

Challenges of modeling solar disturbances' arrival times at the earth

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2008年第10期51卷 1580-1588页

作者： C. D. FRY Chin-Chun WU murray DRYeR Center for Space Plasma and Aeronomic Research The University of Alabama in Huntsville Huntsville AL 35899 USA Exploration Physics International Inc. Huntsville AL 35806 USA Center for Space Plasma and Aeronomic Research The University of Alabama in Huntsville Huntsville AL 35899 USA Space Weather Laboratory NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt MD 20771 USA Center for Space Plasma and Aeronomic Research The University of Alabama in Huntsville Huntsville AL 35899 USA Exploration Physics International Inc. Huntsville AL 35806 USA Space Weather Prediction Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Boulder Colorado USA

In recent years remarkable advances have been made in the development of phys-ics based models of various parts of the solar-terrestrial system (see JASTP special issues, October, November 2004; February 2007). In this paper, we focus our dis-cussions in a specific region of the Sun to the earth’s environment (i.e. 1 AU). It is well-known that geomagnetic storms are caused by solar eruptions. The conse-quences of these storms include particle acceleration, solar wind impact on the earth’s magnetosphere and ionosphere, UV-eUV radiation effects on the lower at-mosphere, etc. One of the main challenges is to predict the arrival time at 1 AU of the solar disturbance. The prospects look good for an accurate, real-time forecast scheme built on the acquisition of solar, heliosphere and the near-earth data and large-scale models. However, the accuracy of these models still needs improve-ment. We will discuss the present status of the models and challenges to improve the simulation models.

关键词： space weather――magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Modeling MHD Sun-earth connection MHD Sun-Corona

Translating radiology reports into plain language using ChatGPT and GPT-4 with prompt learning:results,limitations,and potential

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Visual Computing for Industry,Biomedicine,and Art 2023年第1期6卷 109-118页

作者： Qing Lyu Josh Tan Michael e.Zapadka Janardhana Ponnatapura Chuang Niu kyle J.Myers Ge Wang Christopher T.Whitlow Department of Radiology Wake Forest University School of MedicineWinston-SalemNC 27103United States Biomedical Imaging Center Rensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroyNY 12180United States Puente Solutions LLC PhoenixAZ 85065United States

The large language model called ChatGPT has drawn extensively attention because of its human-like expression and reasoning *** this study,we investigate the feasibility of using ChatGPT in experiments on translating radiology reports into plain language for patients and healthcare providers so that they are educated for improved *** reports from 62 low-dose chest computed tomography lung cancer screening scans and 76 brain magnetic resonance imaging metastases screening scans were collected in the first half of February for this *** to the evaluation by radiologists,ChatGPT can successfully translate radiology reports into plain language with an average score of 4.27 in the five-point system with 0.08 places of information missing and 0.07 places of *** terms of the suggestions provided by ChatGPT,they are generally relevant such as keeping following-up with doctors and closely monitoring any symptoms,and for about 37%of 138 cases in total ChatGPT offers specific suggestions based on findings in the *** also presents some randomness in its responses with occasionally over-simplified or neglected information,which can be mitigated using a more detailed ***,ChatGPT results are compared with a newly released large model GPT-4,showing that GPT-4 can significantly improve the quality of translated *** results show that it is feasible to utilize large language models in clinical education,and further efforts are needed to address limitations and maximize their potential.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Large language model ChatGPT Radiology report Patient education

Development of Optimized Phenomic Predictors for efficient Plant Breeding Decisions Using Phenomic-Assisted Selection in Soybean

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Plant Phenomics 2019年第1期1卷 106-120页

作者： kyle Parmley Koushik Nagasubramanian Soumik Sarkar Baskar Ganapathysubramanian Asheesh K.Singh Department of Agronomy Iowa StateUniversityAmesIAUSA Department of electrical engineering Iowa State UniversityAmesIAUSA Department of Mechanical engineering Iowa State UniversityAmesIAUSA

The rate of advancement made in phenomic-assisted breeding methodologies has lagged those of genomic-assisted techniques,which is now a critical component of mainstream cultivar development ***,advancements made in phenotyping technologies have empowered plant scientists with affordable high-dimensional datasets to optimize the operational efficiencies of breeding *** and seed yield data was collected across six environments for a panel of 292 soybean accessions with varying genetic *** forest,a machine learning(ML)algorithm,was used to map complex relationships between phenomic traits and seed yield and prediction performance assessed using two cross-validation(CV)scenarios consistent with breeding *** develop a prescriptive sensor package for future high-throughput phenotyping deployment to meet breeding objectives,feature importance in tandem with a genetic algorithm(GA)technique allowed selection of a subset of phenotypic traits,specifically optimal *** results illuminated the capability of fusingML and optimization techniques to identify a suite of in-season phenomic traits that will allow breeding programs to decrease the dependence on resource-intensive end-season phenotyping(e.g.,seed yield harvest).While we illustrate with soybean,this study establishes a template for deploying multitrait phenomic prediction that is easily amendable to any crop species and any breeding objective。

关键词： breeding soybean forest