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Correlates of avian extinction timing around the world since 1500 CE

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Avian Research 2024年第4期15卷 403-412页

作者： kyle D.Kittelberger Colby J.Tanner Amy N.Buxton Amira Prewett Çagan Hakkı Sekercio glu School of Biological Sciences University of Utah257 S 1400 ESalt Lake CityUT84112USA KoçUniversity Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsIstanbulTurkiye

Avian extinctions have been relatively well documented in modern history,and in the past millennia,more bird species are known to have gone extinct than species in any other vertebrate *** examined the biological correlates of extinction timing among 216 bird species that recently were either observed to go extinct or dis-appeared since 1500 CE,performing a novel analysis for examining the extinction trends of birds by modelling traits against the number of years since present day during which species have been *** analyzed a broad range of traits and characteristics that have previously been associated with extinction and extinction risk in birds and compared the effects of these traits simultaneously against one *** order to provide a more comprehensive and robust assessment of trait-based drivers of global bird loss in comparison to prior studies,we included extinct species recognized by any of the three major avian taxonomies as well as those birds that lack recent confirmed sightings and are at least functionally *** found that insular,flightless,larger-bodied,ecologically specialized species,as well as those with high aspect ratio wings,were likely to go extinct earlier in *** identifying the key locations and time periods over the past five centuries where birds have gone extinct,and highlighting specific extinction-prone taxonomic groups,we provide a complete and unified dataset of traits used in this study that helps address the lack of extensive public data on modern extinct species.

关键词： Anthropocene extinction Bird conservation Body mass Ecological specialization Flightlessness Islands Ornithology

The kinesin-like proteins, KAC1/2, regulate actin dynamics underlying chloroplast light-avoidance in Physcomitrella patens

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2015年第1期57卷 106-119页

作者： Zhiyuan Shen Yen-Chen Liu Jeffrey P.Bibeau kyle P.Lemoi Erkan Tüzel Luis Vidali Department of Biology and Biotechnology Worcester Polytechnic Institute Department of Physics Worcester Polytechnic Institute

In plants, light determines chloroplast position; these organelles show avoidance and accumulation re- sponses in high and low fluence-rate light, respectively. Chloroplast motility in response to light is driven by cytoskeletal elements. The actin cytoskeleton mediates chloroplast photorelocation responses in Arabidopsis thali- ana. In contrast, in the moss Physcomitrella patens, both, actin filaments and microtubules can transport chloroplasts. Because of the surprising evidence that two kinesin-like proteins （called KACs） are important for actin-dependent chloroplast photorelocation in vascular plants, we wanted to determine the cytoskeletal system responsible for the function of these proteins in moss. We performed gene- specific silencing using RNA interference in P. patens. We confirmed existing reports using gene knockouts, that PpKAC1 and PpKAC2 are required for chloroplast dispersion under uniform white light conditions, and that the two proteins are functionally equivalent. To address the specificcytoskeletal elements responsible for motility, this loss-of- function approach was combined with cytoskeleton-targeted drug studies. We found that, in P. patens, these KACs mediate the chloroplast light-avoidance response in an actin filament- dependent, rather than a microtubule-dependent manner. Using correlation-decay analysis of cytoskeletal dynamics, we found that PpKAC stabilizes cortical actin filaments, but has no effect on microtubule dynamics.

关键词： Actin filaments cytoskeleton intracellular transport kinesin-14 light-avoidance response microtubule moss RNAi

Fourth-harmonic generation via nonlinear diffraction in a 2D LiNbO_3 nonlinear photonic crystal from mid-IR ultrashort pulses

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Chinese Optics Letters 2017年第5期15卷 73-77页

作者：马博琴 kyle Kafka Enam Chowdhury Faculty of Science and Technology Communication University of China Department of Physics Ohio State University

Five conical harmonic beams are generated from the interaction of femtosecond mid-infrared （mid-IR） pulses at a nominal input wavelength of 1997 nm with a 2D LiNbO3 nonlinear photonic crystal with Sierpinski fractal superlattices. The main diffraction orders and the corresponding reciprocal vectors involved in the interaction are ascertained. Second and third harmonics emerging at external angles of 23.82° and 36.75° result from non-linear Cerenkov and Bragg diffractions, respectively. Three pathways of fourth-harmonic generation are observed at external angles of 14.21°, 36.5°, and 53.48°, with the first one resulting from nonlinear Cerenkov diffraction, and the other two harmonics are generated via different cascaded processes.

关键词： Diffraction Harmonic analysis Harmonic generation

Orthopaedic care provided by the 14th combat support hospital in support of humanitarian and disaster relief after hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2020年第2期11卷 76-81页

作者： Nathan Lanham kyle Bockelman Fernando Lopez Marc M Serra Bradford Scanlan Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Martin Army Community HospitalFort BenningGA 31905United States Department of Orthopaedic Surgery William Beaumont Army Medical CenterEl PasoTX 79920United States Department of Anesthesiology Surgery Martin Army Community Hospital Fort BenningGA 31905United States Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Womack Army HospitalFort BraggNC 28310United States

On September 20,2017 Hurricane Maria,a category 4 hurricane,made landfall on the eastern coast of Puerto *** was preceded by Hurricane Irma,a category 5 hurricane,which passed just off the coast 13 d *** destruction from both Hurricane Irma and Maria precipitated a coordinated federal response which included the Federal Emergency Management Agency(FEMA)and the United States *** United States Army dispatched the 14^th Combat Support Hospital(CSH)to Humacao,a city on the eastern side of the island where Maria made *** mission of the 14^th CSH was to provide medical humanitarian aid and conduct disaster relief operations in support of the government of Puerto Rico and *** the 14^th CSH deployment to Puerto Rico,1157 patients were evaluated and ***-seven operative cases were performed to include 23 orthopaedic *** mean age of the orthopaedic patients treated was 45.7 years(range 13-76 years).The most common operation was irrigation and debridement of open contaminated and/or infected *** presented a mean 10.8 d from their initial injury(range 1-40 d).Fractures and infections were the most common diagnoses with the greatest delay in treatment from the initial date of *** deployment of the 14^th CSH to Puerto Rico was unique in its use of air transport,language and local customs encountered,as well as deployment to a location outside the continental United *** factors coupled with the need for rapid deployment of the 14^th CSH provided valuable experience which will undoubtedly enable future success in similar endeavors.

关键词： Hurricane Maria Disaster relief Combat support hospital Army

Identifying diabetes management opportunity areas in the USA

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2020年第1期8卷 53-58页

作者： Michael Topmiller kyle Shaak Peter J Mallow Autumn M Kieber-Emmons Health Landscape LLCCincinnatiOhioUSA Department of Family Medicine Lehigh Valley Health NetworkAllentownPennsylvaniaUSA Health Services Administration Xavier UniversityCincinnatiOhioUSA School of Medicine University of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA

Using adherence to diabetes management guidelines as a case study,this paper applied a novel geospatial hot-spot and cold-spot methodology to identify priority counties to target *** for this study were obtained from the Dartmouth Atlas of Healthcare,the United States Census Bureau’s American Community Survey and the University of Wisconsin County Health Rankings.A geospatial approach was used to identify four tiers of priority counties for diabetes preventive and management services:diabetes management cold-spots,clusters of counties with low rates of adherence to diabetes preventive and management services(Tier D);Medicare spending hot-spots,clusters of counties with high rates of spending and were diabetes management cold-spots(Tier C);preventable hospitalisation hot-spots,clusters of counties with high rates of spending and are diabetes management cold-spots(Tier B);and counties that were located in a diabetes management cold-spot cluster,preventable hospitalisation hot-spot cluster and Medicare spending hot-spot cluster(Tier A).The four tiers of priority counties were geographically concentrated in Texas and Oklahoma,the Southeast and central *** these tiers,there were 62 Tier A *** of preventable hospitalisations and Medicare spending were higher in Tier A counties compared with national *** same counties had much lower rates of adherence to diabetes preventive and management *** novel geospatial mapping approach used in this study may allow practitioners and policy makers to target interventions in areas that have the highest *** refinement of this approach is necessary before making policy recommendations.

关键词： diabetes policy counties

Transgenic overexpression of steroid sulfatase alleviates cholestasis

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Liver Research 2017年第1期1卷 63-69页

作者： Mengxi Jiang Meishu Xu Songrong Ren kyle W.Selcer Wen Xie Center for Pharmacogenetics Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA Department of Biological Sciences Duquesne UniversityPittsburghPAUSA Department of Pharmacology&Chemical Biology University of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA

Background and Aim:Sulfotransferase(SULT)-mediated sulfation and steroid sulfatase(STS)-mediated desulfation represent two critical mechanisms that regulate the chemical and functional homeostasis of endogenous and exogenous *** catalyzes the hydrolysis of steroid sulfates to form *** cholesterol derivative oxysterols are known to be endogenous ligands of the liver X receptor(LXR),a nuclear receptor with anti-cholestasis activity,whereas the sulfated oxysterols antagonize LXR *** conversion of sulfated oxysterols to their non-sulfated counterparts is catalyzed by *** aim of this study is to determine whether STS can alleviate cholestasis by increasing the activity of ***:Liver-specific STS transgenic mice were created and subject to the lithocholic acid(LCA)-induced model of ***:Transgenic overexpression of STS in the liver promoted bile acid elimination and alleviated LCAinduced *** protective effect of the STS transgene was associated with the activation of LXR and induction of LXR target genes,likely because of the increased conversion of the antagonistic oxysterol sulfates to the agonistic ***:STS has a novel function in controlling the homeostasis of bile acids by regulating endogenous LXR ligands.

关键词： Steroid sulfatase Bile acid Toxicity Cholestasis Liver X receptor

Clinical trial perspective for adult and juvenile Huntington's disease using genetically-engineered mesenchymal stem cells

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Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第5期11卷 702-705页

作者： Peter Deng Audrey Torrest Kari Pollock Heather Dahlenburg Geralyn Annett Jan A.Nolta kyle D.Fink Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures University of California Davis Health System

Progress to date from our group and others indicate that using genetically-engineered mesenchymal stem cells（MSC） to secrete brain-derived neurotrophic factor（BDNF） supports our plan to submit an Investigational New Drug application to the Food and Drug Administration for the future planned Phase 1 safety and tolerability trial of MSC/BDNF in patients with Huntington＇s disease（HD）. There are also potential applications of this approach beyond HD. Our biological delivery system for BDNF sets the precedent for adult stem cell therapy in the brain and could potentially be modified for other neurodegenerative disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis（ALS）, spinocerebellar ataxia（SCA）, Alzheimer＇s disease, and some forms of Parkinson＇s disease. The MSC/BDNF product could also be considered for studies of regeneration in traumatic brain injury, spinal cord and peripheral nerve injury. This work also provides a platform for our future gene editing studies, since we will again use MSCs to deliver the needed molecules into the central nervous system.

关键词： mesenchymal stem cells neurodegenerative disorders, Huntington's disease genetic engineering brain derived neurotrophic factor

Patients with irritable bowel syndrome-diarrhea have lower disease-specific quality of life than irritable bowel syndrome-constipation

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第26期21卷 8103-8109页

作者： Prashant Singh kyle Staller Kenneth Barshop Elaine Dai Jennifer Newman Sonia Yoon Shahar Castel Braden Kuo GI Unit GRJ 719Department of MedicineMassachusetts General Hospital Pritzker School of Medicine University of Chicago Division of Gastroenterology Weill Cornell Medical College

AIM: To determine effect of irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) subtype on IBS-specific quality of life(QOL) questionnaire and its ***: We studied IBS patients visiting our functional gastroenterology disorder clinic at a tertiary care center of Unites *** and IBS subtype were diagnosed using Rome-Ⅲ *** was assessed using IBS-QOL *** assesses quality of life along eight subscales: dysphoria,interference with activities,body image,health worry,food avoidance,social reactions,sexual health,and effect on ***-QOL and its subscales were both scored on a range of 0-100 with higher scores suggestive of better *** of overall IBS-QOL scores and subscale scores are expressed as means with 95%*** compared mean IBS-QOL score and its subscales among various *** of variance(ANOVA) was used to compare the mean difference between more than two groups after controlling for age and gender.A posthoc analysis using Bonferroni correction was used only when P value for ANOVA was less than ***: Of 542 patients screened,243 had IBS as per Rome-Ⅲ ***-mixed(IBS-M) was the most common IBS subtype(121 patients,49.8%) followed by IBS- diarrhea(IBS-D)(56 patients,23.1%),IBSconstipation(IBS-C)(54 patients,22.2%) and IBSunspecified(IBS-U)(12 patients,4.9%).Overall IBSQOL scores were significantly different among various IBS-subtypes(P = 0.01).IBS-QOL of patients with IBS-D(61.6,95%CI: 54.0-69.1) and IBS-M(63.0,95%CI: 58.1-68.0) was significantly lower than patients with IBS-C(74.5,95%CI: 66.9-82.1)(P = 0.03 and 0.02 respectively).IBS-D patients scored significantly lower than IBS-C on food avoidance(45.0,95%CI: 34.8-55.2 vs 61.1,95%CI: 50.8-71.3,P = 0.04) and interference with activity(59.6,95%CI: 51.4-67.7 vs 82.3,95%CI: 74.1-90.6,P < 0.001).IBS-M patients had more interference in their activities(61.6,95%CI: 56.3-66.9 vs 82.3,95%CI: 74.1-90.6,P = 0.001) and greater impact on their relationshi

关键词： Irritable bowel syndrome Irritable bowelsyndrome subtype Quality of life Irritable bowelsyndrome-quality of life Constipation Diarrhea

Designing a Drought Monitoring System for Caribbean SIDS

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2023年第2期11卷 69-89页

作者： kyle Alexander Gabrielle Thongs Innovative Surveying and Mapping Ltd. Port of Spain Trinidad Department of Geography The UWI St. Augustine Trinidad

There are limited drought studies for the Caribbean. This is concerning since drought is not only one of the most devastating disasters in the region, but it is also one of the least understood disasters. Very few papers analyze new ways to identify and monitor this disaster. Another major arguable gap in research is the Caribbean’s sole focus on the meteorological drought and disregard of the agricultural drought. This is an important omission because of the significant negative impacts drought has on the Caribbean occurs in the agricultural and forestry sectors. Not considering this in drought monitoring systems in the Caribbean means that a major part of the phenomena is overlooked. Therefore, this study has focused on bridging this gap. It has sought to establish a system to strengthen drought’s early warning. To accomplish this, three predetermined conditions of drought, precipitation, land surface temperature and vegetation conditions were used to derive the Standard Precipitation Index (SPI), the Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and the Vegetation Condition Index (VCI), in order to analyze drought conditions. The drought vulnerability map found that the SPI, TCI and VCI all correlated with past drought events. The study also produced an agricultural drought map. This study, therefore, aims to build resilience by providing accurate information on the duration, intensity and spatial variability of droughts in Caribbean Small Island Developing States (SIDS).

关键词： Drought Climate Change Caribbean SIDS GIS SPI