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Influence of smoke, heat and fire on germination of woody species occurring in the dry valleys of southwest China

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2019年第6期12卷 931-940页

作者： Mareike Roeder weidong Yang kyle w.tomlinson Center for Integrative Conservation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglunMenglaYunnan 666303China Institute of Floodplain Ecology Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyJosefstraße 1D–76437 RastattGermany

Aims Savannahs depend on fire for their *** influences regeneration from seeds in several ways:it converts the environment into a more open space which can benefit the establishment of seedlings,and fire itself can also enhance germination by chemical and physical cues,such as smoke and *** is limited information as to how seed of Asian savannah species respond to fire,even though Asia has several dry vegetation types that are associated with *** main question was whether fire enhances or triggers the germination of woody species occurring in southwest Chinese dry valleys,which have savannah *** we conducted tests with heat(80°C)and smoke solution treatments,and tests with real fire by burning grass on top of sand trays containing *** tested 35 species,including savannah species,and gully and forest *** on seed availability,not all species were tested for all ***-six species had total germination>4%and these were used for *** Findings Heat increased germination of three species(strongest reaction:Dodonaea viscosa),smoke increased germination of five species(strongest reaction:Calotropis gigantea).Both treatments decreased germination for five and seven species,*** fire was detrimental for most species,except for ***,which is known to respond positively to heat *** though fire-related cues were not a trigger for germination for most species in our study,fire could still be crucial for regeneration by competition release.

关键词： smoke water burning biomass germination time Dodonaea viscosa Calotropis gigantea seed mass water content dark germination

Effects of fragmentation on the seed predation and dispersal by rodents differ among species with different seed size

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Integrative Zoology 2017年第6期12卷 468-476页

作者： Qiong CHEN kyle w.tomlinson Lin CAO Bo wANG Center for Integrative Conservation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglaYunnanChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina

Fragmentation influences the population dynamics and community composition of vertebrate ***mentation effects on rodent species in forests may,in turn,affect seed predation and dispersal of many plant *** studies have usually addressed this question by monitoring a single species,and their results are *** few studies have discussed the fragmentation effect on rodent-seed interaction among tree species with different seed sizes,which can significantly influence rodent foraging preference and seed *** that fruiting periods for many coexisting plant species overlap,the changing foraging preference of rodents may substantially alter plant *** this study,we monitored the dispersal and predation by rodents of 9600 seeds,belonging to 4 Fagaceae species with great variation in seed size,in both the edge and interior areas of 12 tropical forest fragments ranging in area from 6.3 to 13872.9 ha in Southwest *** results showed that forest fragmentation altered the seed fates of all the species,but the intensity and even the direction of fragmentation effect differed between species with large versus small *** the seeds harvested,fragment size showed negative effects in forest interiors but positive effects at edges for the 2 large-seeded species,but showed little effect for the 2 small-seeded *** the seeds removed,negative effects of fragment size only existed among the small-seeded *** different fragmentation effect on seed dispersal and predation among plant species may,in turn,translate into the composition differences of the regeneration of the whole fragmented forest.

关键词： edge effect forest fragmentation plant-rodent interaction seed size

Description of two new species of Hemiphyllodactylus(Reptilia: Gekkonidae) from karst landscapes in Yunnan, China, highlights complex conservation needs

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Zoological Research 2022年第5期43卷 767-786页

作者： Ade Prasetyo Agung Ada Chornelia L.Lee Grismer Jesse L.Grismer Evan S.H.Quah Jian-Mei Lu kyle w.tomlinson Alice C.Hughes Landscape Ecology Group Center for Integrative ConservationXishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglunMenglaYunnan 666303China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 101408China Herpetology Laboratory Department of BiologyLa Sierra UniversityRiversideCalifornia 92515USA Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation Universiti Malaysia SabahJalan UMSKota KinabaluSabah 88400Malaysia Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum National University of SingaporeSingapore 117377Singapore Community Ecology and Conservation Group Center for Integrative ConservationXishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglunMenglaYunnan 666303China School of Biological Sciences University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong SARChina

Karst habitats are hotspots of diversity and endemism. Their naturally fragmented distributions across broad geographic landscapes have led to the complex array of smaller evolutionary ecosystems that present unique challenges from a conservation *** assessments of karst habitats have revealed that these ecosystems contain an almost unparalleled level of endemism, and many site-restricted species remain undescribed, thus posing considerable challenges for effective conservation *** rock-dwelling species, such as geckos, may be particularly prone to such isolation. In this paper, we discuss one such genus, i.e.,Hemiphyllodactylus, and explore its diversity across karst landforms in Yunnan Province, southwestern China. Based on morphological and genetic data, we describe two new species of Hemiphyllodactylus from karst habitats in Simao District and Yanshan County. A phylogenetic tree for Hemiphyllodactylus was constructed using 1?039 base pairs(bp) of the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 gene(ND2). The Simao and Yanshan specimens can be distinguished from all other congeners within their respective subclades based on uncorrected genetic pairwise distances greater than 6.3% and 4.3%respectively, as well as significant morphological differences. The discovery and description of these two new species brings the total number of described Hemiphyllodactylus species in China to 14and indicates many more undescribed species from unsurveyed karst regions await *** findings suggest that karst ecosystems in Yunnan support a higher diversity of Hemiphyllodactylus than previously *** study also highlights the importance of karst ecosystems as refugia for sitespecific endemic species and the need for heightened conservation efforts.

关键词： Discovery Endemism Geckos Reptiles South China

Effects of forest fragmentation on nocturnal Asian birds:A case study from Xishuangbanna,China

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Zoological Research 2016年第3期37卷 151-158页

作者： Salindra K.DAYANANDA Eben GOODALE Myung-bok LEE Jia-Jia LIU Christos MAMMIDES Bonifacio O.PASION Rui-Chang QUAN J.w.Ferry SLIK Rachakonda SREEKAR kyle w.tomlinson Mika YASUDA Center for Integrative Conservation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglunYunnan 666303China College of Forestry Guangxi UniversityNanningGuangxi 530005China Foundation for Nature Conservation and Preservation Panadura 12500Sri Lanka University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered wildlife of the Ministry of Education College of Life SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang 310027China Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglunYunnan 666303China Faculty of Science Universiti Brunei DarussalamJIn.Tungku LinkGadong BE141OBrunei Darussalam School of Biological Sciences University of AdelaideAdelaideSouth Australia 5000Australia Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute TsukubaIbaraki 305-8687Japan

Owls have the potential to be keystone species for conservation in fragmented landscapes, as the absence of these predators could profoundly change community structure. Yet few studies have examined how whole communities of owls respond to fragmentation, especially in the tropics. when evaluating the effect of factors related to fragmentation, such as fragment area and distance to the edge, on these birds, it is also important in heterogeneous landscapes to ask how ＇location factors＇ such as the topography, vegetation and soil of the fragment predict their persistence. In Xishuangbanna, southwest China, we established 43 transects （200 mx60 m） within 20 forest fragments to sample nocturnal birds, both visually and aurally. we used a multimodel inference approach to identify the factors that influence owl species richness, and generalized linear mixed models to predict the occurrence probabilities of each species. we found that fragmentation factors dominated location factors, with larger fragments having more species, and four of eight species were significantly more likely to occur in large fragments. Given the potential importance of these birds on regulating small mammal and other animal populations, and thus indirectly affecting seed dispersal, we suggest further protection of large f ragments and programs to increase their connectivity to the remaining smaller fragments.

关键词： Forest fragmentation Landscape ecology Nocturnal birds Owls Trophic cascades

Description of two new species of Hemiphyllodactylus(Reptilia: Gekkonidae) from karst landscapes in Yunnan, China, highlights complex conservation needs

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Cultivating potential:Harnessing plant stem cells for agricultural crop improvement

Zoological Research 2022年第5期

作者： Ade Prasetyo Agung Ada Chornelia L.Lee Grismer Jesse L.Grismer Evan S.H.Quah Jian-Mei Lu kyle w.tomlinson Alice C.Hughes

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Molecular Plant 2024年第1期17卷 50-74页

作者： Penelope Lindsay kyle w.Swentowsky David Jackson Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Cold Spring HarborNY 11724USA National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubei430070China

Meristems are stem cell-containing structures that produce all plant organs and are therefore important targets for crop *** regulators control the balance and rate of cell divisions within the *** these regulators impacts meristem architecture and,as a consequence,plant *** this review,we discuss genes involved in regulating the shoot apical meristem,inflorescence meristem,axillary meristem,root apical meristem,and vascular cambium in *** highlight several examples showing how crop breeders have manipulated developmental regulators to modify meristem growth and alter crop traits such as inflorescence size and branching *** transformation techniques are another innovation related to plant meristem research because they make crop genome engineering *** discuss recent advances on plant transformation made possible by studying genes controlling meristem ***,we conclude with discussions about how meristem research can contribute to crop improvement in the coming decades.

关键词： meristem crop improvement plant transformation plant breeding crop yield gene editing

Prime waterfront real estate： Apple snails choose wild taro for oviposition sites

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Current Zoology 2011年第5期57卷 630-641页

作者： Colin H. kyle Alexis w. KROPF Romi L. BURKS Department of Ecology and Evolution University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637 USA Department of Biology Southwestern University Georgetown TX 78626 USA

while difficult to prevent introductions, scientific research can help guide control efforts of exotic, invasive species. South American island apple snails Pomacea insularum have quickly spread across the United States Gulf Coast and few control measures exist to delay their spread. Usually occupying cryptic benthic habitats, female apple snails crawl out of the water to de-posit large, bright pink egg clutches on emergent objects. To help identify the most likely place to find and remove clutches, we conducted four lab experiments to investigate what specific object qualifies （i.e. material; shape and height; plant species; natural and artificial） attracted P. insularum females to lay clutches. In our fourth experiment, we specifically examined the relationship between female size and reproductive output. To further understand reproductive output, we quantified experimental clutch chara-cteristics （height above water, dimensions, mass, approximate volume, number of eggs, hatching efficiency）. Pomacea insu-larum females laid more clutches on plant material, chose round over flat surfaces and failed to differentiate between tall and short structures. In comparison to a common native plant in the eastern US, Pontederia cordata, snails clearly preferred to lay clutches on a widely distributed exotic, invasive plant （wild taro, Colocasia esculenta）. Unexpectedly, smaller snails showed higher overall total fecundity as well as more eggs per clutch than larger snails. Therefore, hand removal efforts of large fe-males may not be enough to slow down clutch production. Collectively, our results indicate that conservationists and managers should search emergent plants for P. insularum clutches carefully to guard against established populations [Current Zoology 57 （5）： 630-641, 2011].

关键词： Colocasia wild taro Fecundity Substrate Reproduction Facilitation

Switch mode capacitive pressure sensors

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2022年第6期8卷 47-60页

作者： Nabil Shalabi kyle Searles Kenichi Takahata Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of British ColumbiaVancouverBC V6T 1Z4Canada School of Biomedical Engineering University of British ColumbiaVancouverBC V6T 1Z3Canada

Switch mode capacitive pressure sensors are proposed as a new class of microfabricated devices that transform pressure into a mechanically switching capacitance to form an analog-to-digital signal with zero power,high sensitivity,and a high signal-to-noise ratio.A pressure-sensitive gold membrane suspended over a capacitive cavity makes ohmic contact with patterned gold leads on the substrate,closing circuits to fixed on-chip capacitors outside the cavity and leading to significant step *** function is achieved by allocating the switch leads on the part of the counter electrode area,while the remaining area is used for touch mode analog capacitive *** sensor microchip is prototyped through a novel design approach to surface micromachining that integrates micro-Tesla valves for vacuum sealing the sensor cavity,showing an unprecedented response to applied *** a gauge pressure range of 0–120 mmHg,the sensor exhibits an increase of 13.21 pF with resultant switch events,each of which ranges from 2.53–3.96 pF every 12–38 mmHg,in addition to the touch mode linear capacitive increase between *** equivalent sensitivity is 80–240 fF/mmHg,which is 11–600×more than commercial and reported touch mode sensors operating in similar pressure *** sensor is further demonstrated for wireless pressure tracking by creating a resonant tank with the sensor,showing a 32.5–101.6 kHz/mmHg sensitivity with frequency jumps led by the switch *** developed sensor,with its promising performance,offers new application opportunities in a variety of device areas,including health care,robotics,industrial control,and environmental monitoring.

关键词： mode cavity sealing

Biobehavioral assessment of the anxiety disorders:Current progress and future directions

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world Journal of Psychiatry 2017年第3期7卷 133-147页

作者： Deah Abbott Yasmin Shirali J kyle Haws Caleb w Lack Department of Psychology University of Central Oklahoma

It is difficult to accurately assess and differentially diagnose the anxiety *** current system of assessment relies heavily on the subjective measures of client self-report,clinical observation,and clinical ***,recent technological advances may enable practitioners to utilize objective,biobehavioral measures of assessment in a clinical *** current body of literature on two of these biobehavioral tools(eyetracking and electrocardiogram devices) is promising,but more validation and standardization research is needed to maximize the utility of these ***-tracking devices are uniquely capable of providing data that can be used to differentially diagnose anxiety disorders from both other commonly comorbid and misdiagnosed *** eye-tracking and electrocardiogram devices are able to provide change-sensitive assessment *** objective,real-time feedback can assist clinicians and researchers in assessing treatment efficacy and symptom *** developed wearable and highly portable electrocardiogram devices,like the wearable fitness and behavior tracking devices used by many consumers,may be particularly suited for providing this feedback to *** these biobehavioral devices would supply an objective,dimensional component to the current categorical diagnostic assessment *** posit that if adequate funding and attention are directed at this area of research,it could revolutionize diagnostic and on-going assessment practices and,in doing so,bring the field of diagnosis out of the 20 th century.

关键词： Biobehavioral Assessment Diagnosis Anxiety Electrocardiogram Electrocardiogram Eyetracker