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Adoption and Impact of Modern Rice Varieties on Poverty in Eastern India

Rice science 2020年第1期27卷 56-66页

作者： Richard Kwasi BANNOR Gupta Amarnath Krishna KUMAR Helena OPPONG-kyeremeh Camillus Abawiera WONGNAA Department of Agricultural Economics Agribusiness and ExtensionUniversity of Energy and Natural ResourcesSunyaniGhana Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Rice Research Institute Cuttack 753006OrissaIndia Department of Agricultural Economics Agribusiness and ExtensionKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana

The factors affecting the adoption of modern varieties(MVs) of rice and impact on poverty in Odisha, India were discussed. A total of 363 households from Cuttack and Sambalpur districts of Odisha via multistage sampling technique participated in the survey. The Cragg's Double hurdle model was used to model the determinants of adoption and intensity of adoption of MVs of rice, and the propensity score matching was used to analyze the impact of adoption on poverty. The results showed that age, education, risk aversion, land size, yield, perception of MVs as high yielding, resistant to diseases and availability of MVs positively influenced the decision to adopt. However, variables such as household size, experience of a farmer, off-farm job participation, amount of credit received, cost of seeds, insecticides and fertilizers negatively influenced the adoption of MVs. Intensity of adoption of MVs was negatively influenced by experience of a farmer, cost of fertilizer and marketability of MVs, and positively affected by household size, risk aversion, land size, cost of insecticides, perception of MVs as high yielding and availability of MV seeds. Poverty incidence, gap and severity were high among non-adopters to adopters of MVs. After matching adopters and non-adopters of MV groups using four different algorithms of nearest neighbour matching, stratification matching, radius matching and kernel matching, the impact of MV adoption resulted in higher per capita monthly household expenditure by about US$ 52.82 to US$ 63.17.

关键词： rice adoption poverty Cragg's Double hurdle model modern variety

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Genomic scanning enabling discovery of a new antibacterial bicyclic carbamate-containing alkaloid

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Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology 2021年第1期6卷 12-19页

作者： Qing Fang Linrui Wu Caroline Urwald Morgane Mugat Shan Wang Kwaku kyeremeh Carol Philips Samantha Law d Yongjun Zhou Hai Deng Marine Biodiscovery Centre Department of ChemistryUniversity of AberdeenMeston WalkAberdeenAB243UEScotlandUK ENSAIA 2 avenue de la forêt de Haye54505 vandoeuvre lès NancyFrance Department of Chemistry University of GhanaP.O.Box LG56Legon-AccraGhana NCIMB Ltd Ferguson BuildingCraibstone EstateBucksburnAberdeenAB219YAScotlandUK Research Centre for Marine Drugs State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesDepartment of PharmacyRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127China

Non-ribosomal peptides are a group of structurally diverse natural products with various important therapeutic and agrochemical *** pyrrolizidine alkaloids(PAs),containing a scaffold of two fused five-membered ring system with a nitrogen atom at the bridgehead,have been found to originate from a multidomain non-ribosomal peptide synthetase to generate indolizidine intermediates,followed by multistep oxidation,catalysed by single Bayer-Villiger(BV)enzymes,to yield PA *** bacterial PAs are rare in natural product inventory,bioinformatics analysis suggested that the biosynthetic gene clusters(BGCs)that are likely to be responsible for the production of PA-like metabolites are widely distributed in bacterial ***,most of the strains containing PA-like BGCs are not deposited in the public domain,therefore preventing further assessment of the chemical spaces of this group of bioactive ***,we report a genomic scanning strategy to assess the potential of PA metabolites production in our culture collection without prior knowledge of genome *** the strains tested,we found fifteen contain the key BV enzymes that are likely to be involved in the last step of PA ring *** one-strain-many-compound(OSMAC)method,supported by a combination of HR-MS,NMR,SMART 2.0 technology,and GNPS analysis,allowed identification and characterization of a new[5+7]heterobicyclic carbamate,legoncarbamate,together with five known PAs,bohemamine derivatives,from Streptomyces ***37,a Ghanaian soil *** absolute stereochemistry of legoncarbamate was determined by comparison of measured and calculated ECD *** displays antibacterial activity against *** ATCC 25922 with an MIC value of 3.1μg/***,a biosynthetic model of legoncarbamate and other bohemamines was proposed based on the knowledge we have gained so far.

关键词： Genomic scanning Bayer villiger monooxygenase Carbamate alkaloids Pyrrolizidine alkaloids Non-ribosomal peptide synthetases

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Profiles of HIV-Affected Households in Ghana

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Health 2014年第15期6卷 2004-2013页

作者： Amos Laar Daniel Fiaveh Matilda Laar Sandra Boatemaa James Abugri Angela El-Adas Richard Amenyah kyeremeh a.ua.ene Andrew Anthony Adjei Isabella Quakyi Centre for Gender Studies and Advocacy University of Ghana Accra Ghana Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty of Applied Sciences University for Development Studies Navrongo Campus Tamale Ghana Department of Biological Environmental and Occupational Sciences School of Public Health University of Ghana Accra Department of Pathology Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital College of Health Sciences University of Ghana Accra Ghana Department of Population Family & Reproductive Health School of Public Health University of Ghana Accra Ghana Ghana AIDS Commission Accra Ghana Regional Institute for Population Studies University of Ghana Accra Ghana School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition McGill University Montreal Canada

Background: To contribute to a fuller appreciation of Ghana’s HIV epidemic, this paper presents various profiles of the Ghanaian HIV-affected household. To comprehensively tackle the HIV epidemic in Ghana, the profiles would provide stakeholders with ready information for policy formulation. Methods: We used data from a nationally representative survey that measured livelihood activities, household asset wealth, household composition, health, and nutrition variables of 1745 HIV-affected households. From these emerged various profiles. Results: About 50% of the households are headed by females. Households headed by men have an average size of three members, compared to two for female-headed households. There are far more AIDS widows than widowers. The annual death rate among the surveyed households was about 1000 per 100,000-households. Relatively more deaths occurred in male-headed households. Two-thirds of the households were asset poor. Various coping strategies were instituted by the households in reaction to threat of food insecurity. The national prevalence of chronic energy deficiency is 16%. Conclusions: Our data show that age of household head, hosting of a chronically ill member, and average size of household differed by sex of household head. The annual death rate of 1000 per 100,000 households is very high.

关键词： HIV-Affected Households Profiles HIV Ghana

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Potential factors influencing lymphatic filariasis transmission in"hotspot"and"control"areas in Ghana:the importance of vectors

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2019年第1期8卷 45-55页

作者： Sellase Pi-Bansa Joseph Harold Nyarko Osei Kwadwo kyeremeh Frempong Elizabeth Elhassan Osei Kweku Akuoko David Agyemang Collins Ahorlu Maxwell Alexander Appawu Benjamin Guibehi Koudou Michael David Wilson Dziedzom Komi de Souza Samuel Kweku Dadzie Jurg Utzinger Daniel Adjei Boakye Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute BaselSwitzerland University of Basel BaselSwitzerland Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research College of Health SciencesUniversity of GhanaLegonGhana Department of Animal Biology and Conservation Science University of GhanaLegonGhana SightSavers International Ghana OfficeAccraGhana African Regional Postgraduate Programme in Insect Science University of GhanaLegonGhana Vector Biology Department Liverpool School of Tropical MedicineLiverpoolUK Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Cote d'Ivoire AbidjanCote d'Ivoire

Background:Mass drug administration(MDA)programmes for the control of lymphatic filariasis in Ghana,have been ongoing in some endemic districts for 16 *** current study aimed to assess factors that govern the success of MDA programmes for breaking transmission of lymphatic filariasis in ***:The study was undertaken in two"hotspot"districts(Ahanta West and Kassena Nankana West)and two control districts(Mpohor and Bongo)in *** were collected and identified using morphological and molecular tools.A proportion of the cibarial armatures of each species was *** were performed onAnopheles gambiae for filarial worm detection.A questionnaire was administered to obtain information on MDA compliance and vector control *** were compared between districts to determine factors that might explain persistent transmission of lymphatic ***:High numbers of mosquitoes were sampled in Ahanta West district compared to Mpohor district(F=16.09,P=0.002).There was no significant difference between the numbers of mosquitoes collected in Kassena Nankana West and Bongo districts(F=2.16,P=0.185).Mansonia species were predominant in Ahanta West *** mosquitoes were prevalent in all *** with infected and infective filarial worms was found only in Ahanta West *** differences were found in cibarial teeth numbers and shape for mosquito species in the surveyed *** MDA coverage was high in all *** average use of bednet and indoor residual spraying was 82.4 and 66.2%,*** was high compliance in the five preceding MDA rounds in Ahanta West and Kassena Nankana West districts,both considered hotspots of lymphatic filariasis ***:The study on persistent transmission of lymphatic filariasis in the two areas in Ghana present information that shows the importance of local understanding of factors affecting control and elimination of lymphatic

关键词： Ghana Hotspots Lymphatic filariasis Mass drug administration Microfilariae Systematic non-compliance Vector control

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三环咔唑生物碱Neocarazostatin A生物合成中特殊的异戊烯基化和羟基化修饰

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科学新闻 2016年第1期 136-136页

作者：黄胜 Somayah Sameer Elsayed Meinan Lv Jioji Tabudravu Mostafa E.Rateb Roland Gyampoh Kwaku kyeremeh Rainer Ebel Marcel Jaspars Zixin Deng 虞沂 Hai Deng 武汉大学药学院湖北民族学院医学院

文章简介Neocarazostatin A是微生物来源三环咔唑生物碱家族的代表性化合物,具有很强的自由基清除活性。同位素喂养实验显示其生物合成前体完全不同于已报道的植物来源咔唑碱,因此引起了科学家们的浓厚兴趣。研究人员通过化学挖掘、基... 详细信息

文章简介Neocarazostatin A是微生物来源三环咔唑生物碱家族的代表性化合物,具有很强的自由基清除活性。同位素喂养实验显示其生物合成前体完全不同于已报道的植物来源咔唑碱,因此引起了科学家们的浓厚兴趣。研究人员通过化学挖掘、基因敲除、酶的体外功能表征等手段,对Neocarazostatin A的生物合成途径进行了深入解析。研究结果证明,Neocarazostatin A的生物合成起始于色氨酸,后者经过一系列复杂的生化反应完成咔唑骨架的组装,再经过脱羧、环化、重排等一系列

关键词：生物合成生化反应咔唑生物碱 Neocarazostatin A

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