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The geomicrobiology of bauxite deposits

Geoscience Frontiers 2010年第1期1卷 81-89页

作者： Xiluo Hao kwunlun leung Rucheng Wang Weidong Sun Yiliang Li Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochronology and Geochemistry Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510640 China Department of Earth Sciences The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China School of Geological Sciences ＆ Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China

Bauxite deposits are studied because of their economic value and because they play an important role in the study of paleoclimate and paleogeography of continents. They provide a rare record of the weathering and evolution of continental surfaces. Geomicrobiological analysis makes it possible to verify that microorganisms have played a critical role during the formation of bauxite with the possibility already intimated in previous studies. Ambient temperature, abundance of water, organic carbon and bioavailable iron and other metal substrates provide a suitable environment for microbes to inhabit. Thiobacillus, Leptospirilum, Thermophilic bacteria and Heterotrophs have been shown to be able to oxidize ferrous iron and to reduce sulfate-generating sulfuric acid, which can accelerate the weathering of aluminosilicates and precipitation of iron oxyhydroxides. Microorganisms referred to the genus Bacillus can mediate the release of alkaline metals. Although the dissimilatory iron-reducing and sulfate-reducing bacteria in bauxites have not yet been identified, some recorded authigenic carbonates and ＂bacteriopyrites＂ that appear to be unique in morphology and grain size might record microbial activity. Typical bauxite minerals such as gibbsite, kaolinite, covellite, galena, pyrite, zircon, calcium plagioclase, orthoclase, and albite have been investigated as part of an analysis of microbial mediation. The paleoecology of such bauxitic microorganisms inhabiting continental （sub） surfaces, revealed through geomicrobiological analysis, will add a further dimension to paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental studies.

关键词： Geomicrobiology Bauxite Microbial activity Microbial-mediated release of elements Biomineralization

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Asymptotic false discovery control of the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure for pairwise comparisons

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Science China Mathematics 2025年第1期 223-252页

作者： Weidong Liu Dennis leung Qi-Man Shao School of Mathematical Sciences Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Mathematics and Statistics University of Melbourne Department of Statistics and Data Science SICMSouthern University of Science and Technology

In a one-way analysis-of-variance(ANOVA) model,the number of pairwise comparisons can become large even with a moderate number of *** by this,we consider a regime with a growing number of groups and prove that,when testing pairwise comparisons,the Benjamini-Hochberg(BH) procedure can asymptotically control false discoveries,despite the fact that the involved t-statistics do not exhibit the wellknown positive dependence structure required for exact false discovery rate(FDR) *** Tukey's perspective that the difference between the means of any two groups cannot be exactly zero,our main result provides control over the directional false discovery rate and directional false discovery proportion.A key technical contribution of our work is demonstrating that the dependence among the t-statistics is sufficiently weak to establish the convergence result typically required for asymptotic FDR *** analysis does not rely on conventional assumptions such as normality,variance homogeneity,or a balanced design,thereby offering a theoretical foundation for applications in more general settings.

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Polyethylene glycol fusion repair of severed sciatic nerves accelerates recovery of nociceptive sensory perceptions in male and female rats of different strains

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2667-2681页

作者： Liwen Zhou Karthik Venkudusamy Emily A.Hibbard Yessenia Montoya Alexa Olivarez Cathy Z.Yang Adelaide leung Varun Gokhale Guhan Periyasamy Zeal Pathak Dale R.Sengelaub George D.Bittner Department of Neuroscience University of TexasAustinTXUSA Program in Neuroscience Indiana UniversityBloomingtonINUSA Department of Molecular Biosciences University of TexasAustinTXUSA

Successful polyethylene glycol fusion(PEG-fusion)of severed axons following peripheral nerve injuries for PEG-fused axons has been reported to:(1)rapidly restore electrophysiological continuity;(2)prevent distal Wallerian Degeneration and maintain their myelin sheaths;(3)promote primarily motor,voluntary behavioral recoveries as assessed by the Sciatic Functional Index;and,(4)rapidly produce correct and incorrect connections in many possible combinations that produce rapid and extensive recovery of functional peripheral nervous system/central nervous system connections and reflex(e.g.,toe twitch)or voluntary *** preceding companion paper describes sensory terminal field reo rganization following PEG-fusion repair of sciatic nerve transections or ablations;howeve r,sensory behavioral recovery has not been explicitly explored following PEG-fusion *** the current study,we confirmed the success of PEG-fusion surgeries according to criteria(1-3)above and more extensively investigated whether PEG-fusion enhanced mechanical nociceptive recovery following sciatic transection in male and female outbred Sprague-Dawley and inbred Lewis *** nociceptive responses were assessed by measuring withdrawal thresholds using von Frey filaments on the dorsal and midplantar regions of the *** von Frey filament tests were a more reliable method than plantar von Frey filament tests to assess mechanical nociceptive sensitivity following sciatic nerve *** withdrawal thresholds of the sciatic-mediated lateral dorsal region differed significantly across strain but not *** thresholds did not change significantly from baseline in chronic Unoperated and Sham-operated *** sciatic transection,all rats exhibited severe hyposensitivity to stimuli at the lateral dorsal region of the hindpaw ipsilateral to the ***,PEG-fused rats exhibited significantly earlier return to baseline withdrawal thresholds than Negative

关键词： autophagia axotomy collateral sprouting neuropathic pain peripheral nerve repair polyethylene glycol fusion(PEG-fusion) saphenous nerve sensory neurons sex and strain Wallerian degeneration

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Message from Deputy Editor-in-Chief Gabriel M leung—International Trade and Global Health Protection

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China CDC weekly 2019年第4期1卷 45-46页

作者： Gabriel M leung China CDC Weekly Dean of Medicine The University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina

It was external trade that first prompted the collection and reporting of surveillance data at the foreign ports from which the US imported *** established Bulletin of the Public Health—the first precursor to the US ... 详细信息

关键词： Trade prompt Health

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Modelling for registration of remotely sensed imagery when reference control points contain error

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Science China Earth Sciences 2006年第7期49卷 739-746页

作者： leung Yee The Department of Geography and Resource Management The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong China

Reference control points (RCPs) used in establishing the regression model in the regis-tration or geometric correction of remote sensing images are generally assumed to be “perfect”. That is, the RCPs, as explanatory variables in the regression equation, are accurate and the coordinates of their locations have no errors. Thus ordinary least squares (OLS) estimator has been applied exten-sively to the registration or geometric correction of remotely sensed data. However, this assumption is often invalid in practice because RCPs always contain errors. Moreover, the errors are actually one of the main sources which lower the accuracy of geometric correction of an uncorrected image. Under this situation, the OLS estimator is biased. It cannot handle explanatory variables with errors and cannot propagate appropriately errors from the RCPs to the corrected image. Therefore, it is essential to develop new feasible methods to overcome such a problem. This paper introduces a consistent adjusted least squares (CALS) estimator and proposes relaxed consistent adjusted least squares (RCALS) estimator, with the latter being more general and flexible, for geometric correction or regis-tration. These estimators have good capability in correcting errors contained in the RCPs, and in propagating appropriately errors of the RCPs to the corrected image with and without prior information. The objective of the CALS and proposed RCALS estimators is to improve the accuracy of measure-ment value by weakening the measurement errors. The conceptual arguments are substantiated by a real remotely sensed data. Compared to the OLS estimator, the CALS and RCALS estimators give a superior overall performance in estimating the regression coefficients and variance of measurement errors.

关键词： error modelling, registration, ordinary least squares, relaxed consistent adjusted least squares, remote sensing images.

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Effects of Risk Perception on Disaster Preparedness Toward Typhoons:An Application of the Extended Theory of Planned Behavior

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2022年第1期13卷 100-113页

作者： Sai leung Ng Graduate Institute of Earth Science Chinese Culture UniversityTaipei 11114TaiwanChina

This study adopted an extended theory of planned behavior to understand how risk perception affected disaster preparedness *** intercept survey(N=286)was conducted at a typhoon-prone district of Hong Kong,China in 2019,then the data were analyzed using structural equation *** results indicated that risk perception and intention of preparedness were predictors of disaster preparedness *** perception significantly affected intention of preparedness and the effect was partially mediated by subjective *** perception also significantly affected attitude and perceived behavioral control,but attitude and perceived behavioral control were not significantly correlated with intention of *** only may this study supplement the existing literature of disaster preparedness toward typhoons,but also it provides insights for the planning and management of natural hazards and disaster risk reduction in Hong Kong,China.

关键词： Disaster preparedness behaviour Hong Kong,China Risk perception Structural equation modelling Theory of planned behaviour Typhoon preparedness

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Differentially weighted operator splitting Monte Carlo method for simulating complex aerosol dynamic processes

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Particuology 2018年第1期16卷 114-126页

作者： Hongmei Liu Tat leung Chan Department of Mechanical Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Kowloon Hong Kong China

A differentially weighted operator splitting Monte Carlo （DWOSMC） method is developed to solve com- plex aerosol dynamic processes by coupling the differentially weighted Monte Carlo method and the operator splitting technique. This method is validated by analytical solutions and a sectional method in different aerosol dynamic processes. It is first validated in coagulation and condensation processes, and nucleation and coagulation processes, and then validated through simultaneous nucleation, coagulation, and condensation processes. The results show that the DWOSMC method is a computationally efficient and quantitatively accurate method for simulating complex aerosol dynamic processes.

关键词： Differentially weighted Monte Carlo Operator splitting Aerosol dynamics Particle size distribution

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Evaluation and management of the child with hypothyroidism

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2019年第2期15卷 124-134页

作者： Alexander K.C.leung Alexander A.C.leung Department of Pediatrics The University of Calgaryand The Alberta Children's Hospital#200233-16th Avenue NWCalgaryAB T2M 0H5Canada Department of Medicine The University of CalgaryCalgaryABCanada

Background Thyroid hormones are critical for early neurocognitive development as well as growth and development throughout *** recognition and treatment of hypothyroidism is,therefore,of utmost importance to optimize physical and neurodevelopmental *** sources A PubMed search was completed in Clinical Queries using the key terms 'hypothyroidism'.Results Hypothyroidism may be present at birth (congenital hypothyroidism) or develop later in life (acquired hypothyroidism).Thyroid dysgenesis and dyshormonogenesis account for approximately 85% and 15% of permanent cases of congenital primary hypothyroidism,*** than 95% of infants with congenital hypothyroidism have few,if any,clinical manifestations of *** screening programs allow early detection of congenital *** developed countries,Hashimoto thyroiditis is the most common cause of goiter and acquired hypothyroidism in children and ***,iodine deficiency associated with goiter is the most common cause of *** hypothyroidism is uncommon and may be associated with other congenital syndromes and deficiencies of other pituitary *** of the clinical features would allow prompt diagnosis and institution of *** To optimize neurocognitive outcome in infants with congenital hypothyroidism,treatment with levothyroxine should be started as soon as possible,preferably within the first 2 weeks of *** with acquired hypothyroidism should also be treated early to ensure normal growth and development as well as cognitive *** target is to keep serum TSH < 5 mIU/L and to maintain serum free T4 or total T4 within the upper half of the age-specific reference range,with elimination of all symptoms and signs of hypothyroidism.

关键词： Dysgenesis Dyshormonogenesis Hashimoto thyroiditis Hypothyroidism Iodine deficiency Levothyroxine Mental retardation Stunted growth

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An in-depth investigation into the relationships between structural metrics and unit testability in object-oriented systems

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2012年第12期55卷 2800-2815页

作者： leung Hareton Department of Computing Hong Kong Polytechnic University

There is a common belief that structural properties of classes are important factors to determine their unit ***,few empirical studies have been conducted to examine the actual impact of structural properties of *** this paper,we employ multiple linear regression(MLR) and partial least square regression(PLSR) to investigate the relationships between the metrics measuring structural properties and unit testability of a *** investigated structural metrics cover five property dimensions,including size,cohesion,coupling,inheritance,and *** results from open-source software systems show that:(1) most structural metrics are statistically related to unit testability in an expected direction,among which size,complexity,and coupling metrics are the most important predictors;that(2) multivariate regression models based on structural metrics cannot accurately predict unit testability of classes,although they are better able to rank unit testability of classes;that(3) the transition from MLR to PLSR could significantly improve the ability to rank unit testability of classes but cannot improve the ability to predict the unit testing effort of classes.

关键词： testability metrics object-oriented testing effort unit testing prediction

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(-)Epicatechin induces and modulates endothelium-dependent relaxation in isolated rat mesenteric artery rings

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2002年第12期23卷 135-139页

作者： CHAN Franky leung China Chinese University of Hong Kong Department of Anatomy

AIM: The present study was aimed to examine the role of endothelial nitric oxide in the relaxant response to green tea (-)epicatechin and its modulation of endothelium-mediated relaxation in the isolated rat mesenteric artery rings. METHODS: Changes in the isometric tension were measured with Grass force-displacement transducers. RESULTS: The (-)epicatechin-induced relaxation was largely dependent on the presence of intact endothelium and was re-versed by NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester 10 μmol/L or methylene blue 10 μmol/L, the inhibitors of nitric oxide-mediated relaxation. L-Arginine at 1 mmol/L antagonized the effect of L-NAME or methylene blue. Pretreatment of endothelium-intact rings with (-)epicatechin 10 μmol/L enhanced the relaxation induced by endothelium-dependent vasodilator, acetylcholine, while this concentration did not influence the endothelium-independent relaxation in-duced by sodium nitroprusside in the endothelium-denuded artery rings. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the en

关键词： (-)epicatechin vascular endothelium nitric oxide muscle relaxation mesenteric artery rats

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