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N4-methylcytidine ribosomal RNA methylation in chloroplasts is crucial for chloroplast function,development,and abscisic acid response in Arabidopsis

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2021年第3期63卷 570-582页

作者： Le Nguyen Tieu Ngoc Su Jung Park Trinh Thi Huong kwang ho lee Hunseung Kang Department of Applied Biology College of Agriculture and Life SciencesChonnam National UniversityGwangju 61186Republic of Korea Faculty of Forestry Agriculture Tay Nguyen UniversityBuonMaThuotDakLak63000Vietnam Center for Research Facilities Chonnam National UniversityGwangju 61186Republic of Korea

Although the essential role of messenger RNA methylation in the nucleus is increasingly understood,the nature of ribosomal RNA(rRNA)methyltransferases and the role of rRNA methylation in chloroplasts remain largely unknown.A recent study revealed that CMAL(for Chloroplast mraW-Like)is a chloroplast-localized rRNA methyltransferase that is responsible for N4-methylcytidine(m^(4)C)in 16S chloroplast rRNA in Arabidopsis *** this study,we further examined the role of CMAL in chloroplast biogenesis and function,development,and hormone *** cmal mutant showed reduced chlorophyll biosynthesis,photosynthetic activity,and growth-defect phenotypes,including severely stunted stems,fewer siliques,and lower seed *** cmal mutant was hypersensitive to chloroplast translation inhibitors,such as lincomycin and erythromycin,indicating that the m^(4)C methylation defect in the 16S rRNA leads to a reduced translational activity in ***,the stunted stem of the cmal mutant was partially rescued by exogenous gibberellic acid or *** cmal mutant grew poorer than wild type,whereas the CMAL-overexpressing transgenic Arabidopsis plants grew better than wild type in the presence of abscisic ***,these results indicate that CMAL is an indispensable rRNA methyltransferase in chloroplasts and is crucial for chloroplast biogenesis and function,photosynthesis,and hormone response during plant growth and development.

关键词： abiotic stress Arabidopsis chloroplast CMAL RNA methylation rRNA methylation

Predictive factors for interferon and ribavirin combination therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第46期13卷 6236-6242页

作者： Joonho Yoon Jong In lee Soon Koo Baik kwang ho lee Joon Hyung Sohn Hyean-Woo lee Jun Namkung Sei Jin Chang Jong-Whan Choi Hyun-Won Kim Byung-Il Yeh Department of Biochemistry and Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Wonju College of MedicineYonsei UniversityWonju 220-701Republic of Korea Department of Internal Medicine Wonju College of MedicineYonsei UniversityWonju 220-701Republic of Korea Department of Internal Medicine Wonju College of MedicineYonsei UniversityWonju 220-701Republic of Korea Institute of Lifelong HealthWonju College of MedicineYonsei UniversityWonju 220-701Republic of Korea Department of Anesthesiology Wonju College of MedicineYonsei UniversityWonju 220-701Republic of Korea Department of Biochemistry and Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Wonju College of MedicineYonsei UniversityWonju 220-701Republic of Korea Institute of Lifelong HealthWonju College of MedicineYonsei UniversityWonju 220-701Republic of Korea Department of Preventive Medicine and Institute of Occupational Medicine Wonju College of MedicineYonsei UniversityWonju 220-701Republic of Korea Institute of Lifelong HealthWonju College of MedicineYonsei UniversityWonju 220-701Republic of Korea

AIM： To confirm the predictive factors for interferon （IFN）-α and ribavirin combination therapy for chronic hepatitis patients with hepatitis C virus （HCV） genotype lb. METhoDS： HCV RNA from 50 patients infected with HCV genotype lb was studied by cloning and sequencing of interferon sensitivity determining region （ISDR）, PKR- eIF2α phosphorylation homology domain （PePHD）. Patients were treated with IFN-α and ribavirin for 6 mo and grouped by effectiveness of the therapy. A variety of factors were analyzed. RESULTS： Our data showed that age, HCV RNA titer, and ISDR type could be used as the predictive factors for combined IFN-α and ribavirin efficacy. Characteristically, mutations in PePHD appeared only when the combination therapy was effective. Other factors, such as sex and alanine aminotransferase （ALT） level, were not related to its efficacy. Adjusting for age and HCV RNA titer indicated that the ISDR type was the most potent predictive factor. CONCLUSION： HCV RNA ISDR type is an important factor for predicting efficacy of IFN-α and ribavirin combination therapy in Korean patients.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus -lb Interferon-m Ribavirin Interferon sensitivity determining region PKR-eIF2α phosphorylation homology domain

Heating energy performance and part load ratio characteristics of boiler staging in an office building

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Frontiers in Energy 2019年第2期13卷 339-353页

作者： Da Young lee Byeong Mo SEO Yeo Beom YOON Sung Hyup hoNG Jong Min ChoI kwang ho lee Graduate School Hanbat National UniversityDaejeon 305-719South Korea College of Design North Carolina State University RaleighNC 27695-7701USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Hanbat National UniversityDaejeon 305-719South Korea Department of Architectural Engineering Hanbat National UniversityDaejeon 305-719South Korea

Commercial buildings account for significant portions of the total building energy in South Korea and thus a variety of research on the boiler operation related to heating energy in office buildings has been carried out thus far. however, most of the researches have been conducted on the boiler itself, i.e., the part load ratio characteristics and the corresponding gas energy consumption patterns are not analyzed in the existing studies. In this study, the part load ratio and the operating characteristics of gas boiler have been analyzed within an office building equipped with the conventional variable air volume system. In addition, the gas consumption among different boiler staging schemes has been comparatively analyzed. As a result, significant portions of total operating hours, heating load and energy consumption has been found to be in a part load ratio range of 0 through 40% and thus energy consumption is significantly affected by boiler efficiency at low part load conditions. This suggests that boiler operation at the part load is an important factor in commercial buildings. In addition, utilizing sequential boiler staging scheme can save a gas usage of about 7%. For annual heating energy saving, applying the sequential control boiler with a 3:7 proportion staging is considered to be the optimal control algorithm for maximum efficiency of boilers.

关键词： EnergyPlus boiler part load ratio gas con-sumption office building boiler staging

Plasma Post Oxidation of Plasma Nitrocarburized SKD 61 Steel

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2008年第1期24卷 136-138页

作者： Insup lee kwang-ho Jeong Department of Advanced Materials Engineering Dongeui University Busan 614-714 Korea

Plasma nitrocarburizing and plasma oxidizing treatments were performed to improve the wear and corrosion resistance of SKD 61 *** nitrocarburizing was conducted for 12 h at 540℃in the nitrogen, hydrogen and methane atmosphere to produce theε-Fe-（2-3）（N,C） *** compound layer produced by plasma nitrocarburising was predominantly composed ofε-phase,with a small proportion ofγ′-Fe-4 （N,C） phase. The thickness of the compound layer and the diffusion layer are about 10μm and about 200μm,respectively. Plasma post oxidation was performed on the nitrocarburized samples with various oxygen/hydrogen ratio at constant temperature of 500℃for 1 *** very thin magnetite （Fe-3O-4） layer of 1-2μm in thickness on top of the compound layer was *** polarization test revealed that plasma nitrocarburizing process contributed a significant improvement of corrosion resistance of SKD 61 ***,the corrosion characteristics of the nitrocarburized compound layer was deteriorated by oxidation treatment.

关键词： Plasma nitrocarburizing Post oxidation ε-Fe2-3(N,C) γ′-Fe4(N,C) Fe3O4

Etching characteristics of thin SiON films using a liquefied perfluorocarbon precursor of C_6F_(12)O with a low global warming potential

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Plasma Science and Technology 2020年第10期22卷 135-144页

作者： Junmyung lee Yunho NAM Jongchan lee Hyun Woo lee kwang-ho KWON Department of Control and Instrumentation Engineering Korea UniversitySejong 30019Republic of Korea Department of Aeronautic Computer Engineering Hanseo UniversitySeosan 31962Republic of Korea

Perfluorocarbon gas is widely used in the semiconductor ***,perfluorocarbon has a negative effect on the global environment owing to its high global warming potential(GWP) *** alternative solution is ***,we evaluated the possibility of replacing conventional perfluorocarbon etching gases such as CHF_3 with C_6F_(12)O,which has a low GWP and is in a liquid state at room *** this study,silicon oxynitride(SiON) films were plasma-etched using inductively coupled CF4+C_6F_(12)O+O_2 mixed ***,the etching characteristics of the film,such as etching rate,etching profile,selectivity over Si,and photoresist,were investigated.A double Langmuir probe was used and optical emission spectroscopy was performed for plasma *** addition,a contact angle goniometer and x-ray photoelectron spectroscope were used to confirm the change in the surface properties of the etched SiON film ***,the etching characteristics of the C_6F_(12)O mixed plasma exhibited a lower etching rate,higher SiON/Si selectivity,lower plasma damage,and more vertical etched profiles than the conventional CHF_3 mixed *** addition,the C_6F_(12)O gas can be recovered in the liquid state,thereby decreasing global *** results confirmed that the C_6F_(12)O precursor can sufficiently replace the conventional etching gas.

关键词： global warming potential perfluorocarbon silicon oxynitride etching characteristics liquid-state perfluorocarbon

Analysis of the current density characteristics in through-mask electrochemical micromachining(TMEMM) for fabrication of micro-hole arrays on invar alloy film

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2017年第3期30卷 1231-1241页

作者： Da-som JIN kwang-ho CHUN Eun-sang lee School of Mechanical Engineering Inha University Incheon 22212 Republic of Kore Department of Mechanical Engineering Inha University Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea

Invar alloy consisting of 64% iron and 36% nickel has been widely used for the production of shadow masks for organic light emitting diodes（OLEDs） because of its low thermal expansion coefficient（1.86 × 10^-6cm/°C）.To fabricate micro-hole arrays on 30 lm invar alloy film,through-mask electrochemical micromachining（TMEMM） was developed and combined with a portion of the photolithography etching *** precise hole shapes,patterned photoresist（PR） film was applied as an insulating *** investigate the relationship between the current density and the material removal rate,the principle of the electrochemical machining was studied with a focus on the *** finite element method（FEM） was used to verify the influence of each parameter on the current density on the invar alloy film *** parameters considered were the thickness of the PR mask,inter-electrode gap（IEG）,and electrolyte *** of experiments（DOE） was used to figure out the contribution of each parameter.A simulation was conducted with varying parameters to figure out their relationships with the current *** was conducted to select the suitable *** experiment was carried out to verify the simulation *** was possible to fabricate micro-hole arrays on invar alloy film using TMEMM,which is a promising method that can be applied to fabrications of OLEDs shadow masks.

关键词： Electrochemical Invar alloy film Micromachining OLED shadow mask Photoresist film mask(PR film mask) Through-mask electrochemical micromachining(TMEMM)

Pressure-induced hydrogen-dominant high-temperature superconductors

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National Science Review 2024年第7期11卷 14-16页

作者： ho-kwang Mao Shanghai Advanced Research in Physical Sciences Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research

Recent studies of hydrogen-dominant（superhydride） materials have led to putative discoveries of near-room temperature superconductivity at high pressures. The idea started more than half-a-century ago as a by-product of the quest for metallic hydrogen for which a natural consequence of its very high Debye temperature and phonon frequency due to the very low mass of the hydrogen atoms would lead to a high superconducting critical temperature （Tc） in weak coupling Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer（BCS） expression.

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Settling and dewatering characteristics of granulated methane-oxidizing bacteria

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2013年第2期25卷 280-286页

作者： kwang ho Ahn kwang Soo Kim Sung Won Kang Chul Yong Um Won Tae lee kwang Baik Ko Korea Institute of Construction Technology 283Goyangdae-RoIlsanseo-GuGoyang-SiGyeonggi-Do 411-712Korea School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Yonsei UniversitySinchondong 134SudaemunguSeoul 120-749Korea School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Kumoh National Institute of TechnologyDaehak-ro 61GumiGyeongbuk 730-701Korea

We evaluated the settling ability and dewaterability of granulated methane-oxidizing bacteria （GMOB） after granulation using a continuous-flow reactor. A comparative analysis on settling and dewatering characteristics due to changes in sludge retention time （SRT, 10, 15 and 20 days） during cultivation of GMOB was conducted. In assessing dewaterability, the specific resistance to filtration （SRF） of activated sludge and GMOB was found to be 8.21×1013-2.38×1014 and 4.88 × 1012-1.98×1013 m/kg, respectively. It was confirmed that as SRT decreased, SRF of GMOB increased. In the case of bound extracellular polymeric substance （EPS）, activated sludge registered 147.5 mg/g-VSS while GMOB exhibited 171-177.2 mg/g-VSS. In the case of extracellular polymeric substance soluble EPS in effluent, activated sludge measured 62 mg/L and GMOB had 17.4-21.4 mg/L. The particle size analysis showed that mean particle diameters of GMOB were 402, 369, and 350 μm, respectively, at SRTs of 20, 15 and 10 days. In addition, it was found that GMOB had a larger mean particle diameter and exhibited much better settleability and dewaterability than activated sludge did.

关键词： methane-oxidizing bacteria dewaterability specific resistance to filtration extracellular polymeric substances

siRNA targeting Livin decreases tumor in a xenograft model for colon cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第20期17卷 2563-2571页

作者： Bo-Young Oh Ryung-Ah lee kwang ho Kim Department of Surgery Ewha Womans University School of Medicine

AIM： To evaluate the effect of silencing Livin gene expression with siRNA to apoptosis and proliferation in a colon cancer cell line. METhoDS： To investigate the anticancer effect of silencing Livin gene expression, we established an siRNA transfected cell line using the HCT116 colon cancer cell line. After confirming the successful transfection, MTT assay, flow cytometry and annexin V staining were em- ployed to evaluate the antiapoptotic effect. To confirm the in vivo effect of Livin-siRNA, different doses of LivinsiRNA were injected into xenografted tumors in BALB/c nude mice model. RESULTS： Livin expression was dramatically decreased after siRNA transfection, especially at 25 umol/L of siRNA, but this suppression was not dose-dependent. The cell count at 18 h after transfection was significantly reduced as compared with controls （P 〈 0.01）, but tended not to decrease proportionally depending on transfected dose or time. MTT assay revealed that silencing the Livin gene suppressed cellular proliferation at 18 h after transfection （P = 0.04）; however, the inhibitory effect disappeared thereafter. Also, there was no significant difference in cellular proliferation depending on siRNA dose. The rate of apoptosis also increased with silencing of the Livin gene. In vivo, the tumor size significantly decreased after Livin- siRNA injection at 20 umol/L concentration （P = 0.03）. There were no significant body weight changes of mice after siRNA injection. Histologic examination revealed no significant toxic reaction in kidney, liver and brain of mice. CONCLUSION： siRNA-mediated downregulation of Livin expression can induce apoptosis in colon cancer in vitro and in vivo, which suggests the possibility of new cancer therapeutics using siRNA.

关键词： siRNA Livin Inhibitor of apoptosis Coloncancer