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Tetradentate Pt(Ⅱ)complex as a singlet exciton sensitizing host for highly efficient green fluorescent organic light-emitting diodes

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Science China Materials 2024年第8期67卷 2618-2627页

作者： Unhyeok Jo Seung Chan kim Chan hee Ryu Kang Mun Lee Jae-Min kim Jun Yeob Lee School of Chemical Engineering Sungkyunkwan University2066Seobu-roJangan-guSuwon-siGyeonggi-do 16419Republic of Korea Department of Chemistry Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion TechnologyKangwon National UniversityChuncheonGangwon 24341Republic of Korea Department of Advanced Materials Engineering Chung-Ang University4726Seodong-daeroDaedeok-myeonAnseong-siGyeonggi-do 17546Republic of Korea SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology Sungkyunkwan University2066Seobu-roJangan-guSuwonGyeonggi 16419Republic of Korea SKKU Institute of Energy Science and Technology Sungkyunkwan University2066Seobu-roJangan-guSuwonGyeonggi 16419Republic of Korea

Efficient green fluorescent organic light-emitting diodes were designed with a phosphorescent metal complex as a singlet exciton sensitizing host(SESh)for achieving high efficiency and low efficiency roll-off through exciton and polaron *** Pt(Ⅱ)complex(Pt-Trz)possessing a tetradentate ligand with a bulky blocking group not only suppresses the severe formation of excimer or dimer itself but also transfers radiative excitons to fluorescent dopant *** SESh assisted fluorescence(SEShF)device with Pt-Trz as the host exhibits the maximum external quantum efficiency of 13.3%and a lower efficiency roll-off compared with exciplex host device which is a general approach for harvesting triplet *** exciton dynamics modeling unravels that the SEShF device effectively utilizes triplet excitons in the host by intersystem crossing and resonance energy transfer from the triplet state of the host to the singlet state of the terminal *** quenching rates of the SEShF device are reduced by 11 times for triplet-triplet annihilation and 1.8 times for tripletpolaron annihilation compared with the exciplex device,which demonstrates that Pt-Trz could be a platform to be used as an efficient host for fluorophores.

关键词： singlet annihilation polaron

Rice breeding for low methane and high yields

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Plant Communications 2024年第5期5卷 94-96页

作者： Suvendu Das Pil Joo kim Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences Gyeongsang National UniversityJinju 660-701South Korea Division of Applied Life Science Gyeongsang National UniversityJinju 660-701South Korea

Rice is the staple food for more than half of the world’s population,and the demand for rice is expected to increase by 28%by 2050(Jiang et al.,2017).however,rice production is one of the largest anthropogenic sources of the potent greenhouse gas methane(Ch4),accounting for 22%of total agricultural Ch4 emissions(Qian et al.,2023).Therefore,to achieve sustainable intensification of rice cultivation,it is necessary to increase yields while reducing Ch4 *** management techniques to reduce Ch4 emissions while maintaining high yields have been studied extensively over the past few decades,but crop breeding to reduce Ch4 emissions without compromising yields has received less attention(Kwon et al.,2023).

关键词： breeding methane yields

Tribological behavior of TiN,AlTiN,and AlTiCrN coatings in atmospheric and vacuum environments

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Friction 2024年第11期12卷 2611-2626页

作者： Youn-hoo hWANG Kuk-Jin SEO Tae-hyeong kim You Jin MIN Yuzhen LIU Dae-Eun kim Department of Mechanical Engineering Yonsei UniversitySeoul 03722Republic of Korea Department of Mechatronics and Energy Engineering Ningbo Tech UniversityNingbo 315211China

In this study,the tribological characteristics of TiN,AlTiN,and AlTiCrN coatings sliding against a SUS420J1 stainless steel pin were investigated in atmospheric and vacuum *** coatings were deposited on SUS440C substrates using the arc-physical vapor deposition *** friction and wear behavior of the coatings were evaluated based on the systematic analyses of the friction coefficient data as well as the physical and chemical state of the wear *** results revealed that the friction coefficients of the SUS440C specimen and AlTiCrN coatings increased,whereas those of the TiN and AlTiN coatings decreased when the environment was changed from atmospheric to *** was confirmed that the formation of an oxide layer and adsorption of oxides on the surface were dominant factors that influenced the tribological behavior in the atmospheric *** the other hand,the compatibility,oxidation inhibition,and droplets of the surface mainly affected the frictional characteristics in the vacuum *** results of this work are expected to aid in the selection of proper coating materials for tribological systems operating in a vacuum.

关键词： friction wear coating vacuum TiN

Living donor liver transplantation can be a rescue treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma

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hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2024年第4期13卷 742-744页

作者： Jongman kim Department of Surgery Samsung Medical CenterSungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea

For intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma(hCC)in the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer(BCLC),transarterial chemoembolization(TACE)is advised as the initial *** term“BCLC intermediate-stage hCC”(BCLC stage B)refers to a group of patients with varying liver functions and single big nodules or many nodules that do not have distant metastases or vascular invasion(1).In general,tumors beyond the Milan criteria(single tumor>5 cm or≥4 nodules)are classified as BCLC intermediate-stage ***,not every patient with intermediate-stage hCC in BCLC is a good candidate for TACE alone;this is especially true for patients who have a substantial tumor bulk,multinodular dissemination,or decreased liver *** refractory cases cannot get full TACE treatment.

关键词： Living liver donors outcomes guidelines Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer staging(BCLC staging)

Microstructural evolution in lithium plating process and its effect on the calendar storage life

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Nano Research 2024年第10期17卷 8834-8841页

作者： Ki hwan Koh Dong Ju Lee Anthony Mu Kangwoon kim Taehee kim Zheng Chen Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering University of California San DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA Program of Materials Science and Engineering University of California San DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA Sustainable Power and Energy Center University of California San DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA

The growing demand for electric vehicles highlights the need for energy storage solutions with higher densities,spotlighting Li metal anodes as potential successors to traditional Li-ion batteries(LIBs).Achieving longer calendar aging life for Li metal anodes is crucial for their practical use,given their propensity for corrosion due to a low redox potential,which leads to compromised cycling stability and significant capacity loss during *** research investigated that this susceptibility is mainly dependent on the surface area of Li metal anode and the properties of the solid electrolyte interphase(SEI),particularly its stability and growth *** research adds to this understanding by demonstrating that the amount of Li plating is a key factor in its corrosion during open-circuit storage,as assessed across various *** discovered that increasing the Li plating amount effectively reduces Coulombic efficiency(C.E.)loss during aging,due to a lower surface area-to-Li *** implies that the choice of electrolyte for optimal storage life should consider the amount of Li plating,with higher capacities promoting better storage characteristics.

关键词： lithium metal batteries anode-free batteries calendar life of batteries lithium anode corrosion

An Empirical Study on the Effectiveness of Adversarial Examples in Malware Detection

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第6期139卷 3535-3563页

作者： Younghoon Ban Myeonghyun kim haehyun Cho School of Software Soongsil UniversitySeoul06978Korea

Antivirus vendors and the research community employ Machine Learning(ML)or Deep Learning(DL)-based static analysis techniques for efficient identification of new threats,given the continual emergence of novel malware *** the other hand,numerous researchers have reported that Adversarial Examples(AEs),generated by manipulating previously detected malware,can successfully evade ML/DL-based *** antivirus systems,in particular,have been identified as vulnerable to such *** paper firstly focuses on conducting black-box attacks to circumvent ML/DL-based malware *** attack method utilizes seven different perturbations,including Overlay Append,Section Append,and Break Checksum,capitalizing on the ambiguities present in the PE format,as previously employed in evasion attack *** directly applying the perturbation techniques to PE binaries,our attack method eliminates the need to grapple with the problem-feature space dilemma,a persistent challenge in many evasion attack *** a black-box attack,our method can generate AEs that successfully evade both DL-based and ML-based ***,AEs generated by the attack method retain their executability and malicious behavior,eliminating the need for functionality *** thorogh evaluations,we confirmed that the attack method achieves an evasion rate of 65.6%against well-known ML-based malware detectors and can reach a remarkable 99%evasion rate against well-known DL-based malware ***,our AEs demonstrated the capability to bypass detection by 17%of vendors out of the 64 on VirusTotal(VT).In addition,we propose a defensive approach that utilizes Trend Locality Sensitive hashing(TLSh)to construct a similarity-based defense *** several experiments on the approach,we verified that our defense model can effectively counter AEs generated by the perturbation *** conclusion,our defense model alleviates the limitation of the mos

关键词： Malware classification machine learning adversarial examples evasion attack cybersecurity

Opportunities and challenges in cathode development for non-lithium-ion batteries

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eScience 2024年第4期4卷 1-6页

作者： haegyeom kim Jae Chul kim Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory94720CAUSA Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Stevens Institute of Technology07030NJUSA

Lithium(Li)-ion batteries have stimulated the societal transformation to clean energy *** carry-on electricity is revolutionizing how society communicates,functions,and evolves efficiently by enabling mobile electronics,zero-emission electric vehicles,and stationary energy *** preparation for the sustainable energy future,however,there are growing concerns about depleting critical elements used in the Li technology(e.g.,lithium,cobalt,and nickel),especially for large-scale applications that will accelerate the rate of elemental *** non-Li-based rechargeable batteries composed of earth-abundant elements,such as sodium,potassium,magnesium,and calcium,have been proposed and explored as alternative systems to promote sustainable development of energy *** this perspective,we discuss challenges in Li-ion batteries in the sustainability aspect and provide our opinions on the potential applications of non-Li-based *** also highlight the current status,important progress,and remaining challenges of the Li-alternative technologies.

关键词： Batteries Sodium Potassium Lithium Multi-valent Energy storage

Direct Observation of Tunnelling through 100-nm-Wide All Metal Magnetic Junction into Si

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Chinese Physics Letters 2008年第4期25卷 1407-1410页

作者： Nam h.kim 王克强张宇王建青 Department of Physics State University of New York Binghamton NY 13902 USA School of Information Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Technology Guangzhou 510225 Department of EleetrieaJ Engineering State University of New York Binghamton NY 13902 USA

Nanoscaled spin-dependent tunnelling lines were patterned on doped Si and studied for tunnelling from the SDT ferromagnetic layer through an insulating barrier into Si. The injection contacts have the form of long strips with width and separation, ranging from 100 nm to 2 μm, and are patterned using e-beam lithography. The measured I-V characteristics versus temperature （80 to 300K） on the 100 nm scaled devices between the layered-magnetic metals and the semiconductor clearly showed ballistic tunnelling, with weak dependence on the temperature. This is qualitatively different, at elevated temperatures, from 2-μm-wide scaled-up spin-dependent tunnelling structures, where thermal-ionic emission was observed to dominate carrier transport.

关键词： supernova explosion proto-neutron star shock wave

human Interaction Recognition in Surveillance Videos Using hybrid Deep Learning andMachine LearningModels

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Computers, Materials and Continua 2024年第1期81卷 773-787页

作者： Khean, Vesal kim, Chomyong Ryu, Sunjoo Khan, Awais hong, Min Kyung kim, Eun Young kim, Joungmin Nam, Yunyoung Department of ICT Convergence Soonchunhyang University Asan 31538 Korea Republic of ICT Convergence Research Center Soonchunhyang University Asan 31538 Korea Republic of Emotional and Intelligent Child Care Convergence Center Soonchunhyang University Asan 31538 Korea Republic of Department of Occupational Therapy Soonchunhyang University Asan 31538 Korea Republic of College of hyangsul Nanum Soonchunhyang University Asan 31538 Korea Republic of

human Interaction Recognition (hIR) was one of the challenging issues in computer vision research due to the involvement of multiple individuals and their mutual interactions within video frames generated from their movements. hIR requires more sophisticated analysis than human Action Recognition (hAR) since hAR focuses solely on individual activities like walking or running, while hIR involves the interactions between people. This research aims to develop a robust system for recognizing five common human interactions, such as hugging, kicking, pushing, pointing, and no interaction, fromvideo sequences usingmultiple cameras. In this study, a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) and Machine Learning (ML) model was employed to improve classification accuracy and generalizability. The dataset was collected in an indoor environment with four-channel cameras capturing the five types of interactions among 13 participants. The data was processed using a DL model with a fine-tuned ResNet (Residual Networks) architecture based on 2D Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) layers for feature extraction. Subsequently,machine learning models were trained and utilized for interaction classification using six commonly used ML algorithms, including SVM, KNN, RF, DT, NB, and XGBoost. The results demonstrate a high accuracy of 95.45% in classifying human interactions. The hybrid approach enabled effective learning, resulting in highly accurate performance across different interaction types. Futureworkwill exploremore complex scenarios involving multiple individuals based on the application of this architecture. © 2024 The Authors.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks