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A systematic review of objective burn scar measurements

Burns & Trauma 2016年第2期4卷 90-122页

作者： kwan. chear lee Janine Dretzke Liam Grover Ann Logan Naiem Moiemen The Healing Foundation Burn Research Centre University Hospital Birmingham Foundation TrustBirmingham B152THUK School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine College of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUK Public Health Epidemiology and BiostatisticsInstitute of Applied Health ResearchCollege of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUK School of Chemical Engineering University of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUK School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine College of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUK The Healing Foundation Burn Research Centre University Hospital Birmingham Foundation TrustBirmingham B152THUK

Background:Problematic scarring remains a challenging aspect to address in the treatment of burns and can significantly affect the quality of life of the burn *** present,there are few treatments available in the clinic to control adverse scarring,but experimental pharmacological anti-scarring strategies are now beginning to *** comparative success must be based on objective measurements of scarring,yet currently the clinical assessment of scars is not carried out systematically and is mostly based on subjective review of ***,several techniques and devices are being introduced that allow objective analysis of the burn *** aim of this article is to evaluate various objective measurement tools currently available and recommend a useful panel that is suitable for use in clinical trials of anti-scarring ***:A systematic literature search was done using the Web of Science,PubMed and Cochrane *** identified devices were then classified and grouped according to the parameters they *** tools were then compared and assessed in terms of inter-and intra-rater reproducibility,ease of use and ***:After duplicates were removed,5062 articles were obtained in the *** further screening,157 articles which utilised objective burn scar measurement systems or tools were *** scar measurement devices can be broadly classified into those measuring colour,metric variables,texture,biomechanical properties and pathophysiological ***:Objective scar measurement tools allow the accurate and reproducible evaluation of scars,which is important for both clinical and scientific ***,studies to evaluate their relative performance and merits of these tools are scarce,and there remain factors,such as itch and pain,which cannot be measured *** reviewing the available evidence,a panel of devices for objective scar measurement is recommended consisting of the 3D cameras(Eyk

关键词： Scar measurement Burn Objective measurement 3D camera Laser imaging High-frequency ultrasound image Colorimeter Cutometer

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History of burns: The past, present and the future

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Burns & Trauma 2014年第4期2卷 169-180页

作者： kwan. chear lee Kavita Joory Naiem S.Moiemen The Healing Foundation Burn Research Centre University Hospital Birmingham Foundation TrustBirminghamUnited Kingdom

Burn injuries are one of the most common and devastating affl ictions on the human *** this article we look back at how the treatment of burns has evolved over the centuries from a primarily topical therapy consisting of weird and wonderful topical concoctions in ancient times to one that spans multiple scientifi c fi elds of topical therapy,antibiotics,fl uid resuscitation,skin excision and grafting,respiratory and metabolic care and *** major advances in burn care occurred in the last 50 years,spurred on by wars and great fi *** use of systemic antibiotics and topical silver therapy greatly reduced sepsis related *** along with the advent of antiseptic surgical techniques,burn depth classifi cation and skin grafting allowed the excision and coverage of full-thickness burns which resulted in greatly improved survival *** in the methods of assessing the surface area of burns paved way for more accurate fl uid resuscitation,minimising the eff ects of shock and avoiding fl uid *** introduction of metabolic care,nutritional support and care of inhalational injuries further improved the outcome of burn *** also briefl y discuss some future directions in burn care such as the use of cell and pharmalogical therapies.

关键词： Burns history future fire disasters

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Electrochemical characteristics of phosphorus doped Si-C composite for anode active material of lithium secondary batteries

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2009年第4期19卷 1018-1022页

作者： Jae-Hyun NOH kwan.Yo ung lee Joong-Kee lee Battery Research Center Korea Institute of Science and Technology Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Korea University

Phosphorus doped silicon-carbon composite particles were synthesized through a DC arc plasma ***(SiH4) and methane(CH4) were introduced into the reaction chamber as the precursor of silicon and carbon,***(PH3) was used as a phosphorus dopant *** of synthesized particles were carried out by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffractometry(XRD),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) and bulk resistivity *** properties were investigated by cyclic test and electrochemical voltage spectroscopy(EVS).In the experimental range,phosphorus doped silicon-carbon composite electrode exhibits enhanced cycle performance than intrinsic silicon and phosphorus doped *** can be explained that incorporation of carbon into silicon acts as a buffer matrix and phosphorus doping plays an important role to enhance the conductivity of the electrode,which leads to the improvement of the cycle performance of the cell.

关键词：电化学特性磷掺杂负极活性材料磷硅电池材料锂离子 X射线光电子能谱扫描电子显微镜

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Thrust and Swimming Speed Analysis of Fish Robot with Non-uniform Flexible Tail

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2016年第1期13卷 73-83页

作者： Phi Luan Nguyen Byung Ryong lee Kyoung kwan.Ahn School of Mechanical Engineering University of Ulsan Ulsan Korea

We present a dynamic model of a fish robot with a Non-uniform Flexible Tail （NFT）. We investigate the tendencies of the thrust and swimming speed when the input driving moment changes. Based on the proposed dynamic model of the NFT, we derive the thrust estimation, equation of motion, and performance evaluation of a fish robot with a NFT. By defining the optimal stiffness of the NFT in simulation, a fish robot prototype is then designed and fabricated. A series of experiments are performed to verify the proposed model. Experiment results are in good agreement with simulation data. The results show that the thrust and swimming speed of the fish robot are proportional to the amplitude of the driving moment. There are two resonant fre- quencies （f = 1.4 Hz and 2.2 Hz）, the maximum thrust and swimming speed （about 0.7 BL.s-1） are found to be around f = 1.4 Hz. The above results inidicate the proposed model is suitable for predicting the behavior, thrust and swimming speed of a fish robot with a NFT.

关键词： fish robot flexible tail dynamic modeling swimming speed thrust Froude efficiency

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Value of controlled attenuation parameter in fibrosis prediction in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第33期25卷 4959-4969页

作者： Jung Il lee Hyun Woong lee kwan.Sik lee Department of Internal Medicine Gangnam Severance Hospital Yonsei University College of Medicine

BACKGROUND Liver stiffness measurement(LSM)tends to overestimate fibrosis stage in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Controlled attenuation parameter(CAP),provided by LSM device,has been introduced for noninvasive quantification of hepatic *** To determine the role of CAP values in predicting liver fibrosis stage by LSM in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH).METHODS One hundred eighty-four patients with biopsy proven NASH had LSM and CAP evaluated at *** them,130 patients had 1-year follow up LSM and analyzed for the changes of LSM after pioglitazone or ursodeoxycholic acid(UDCA)*** In Kleiner fibrosis stage F0-1,LSM values increased at higher CAP tertile(P=0.001),and in F2,at middle and higher tertiles(P=0.027).No difference across CAP tertiles was noticed in F3-4(P=0.752).Receiver operating characteristic curve for LSM cutoff in diagnosis of F≥2 identified 8.05 kPa for lower CAP tertile,9.35 kPa for middle,and 10.55 kPa for high *** changes in proportion of significant fibrosis(F≥2)were assessed among pioglitazone and UDCA treated patients considering CAP values,pioglitazone treated patients demonstrated decrease in proportion of high *** In patient with NAFLD,interpretation of LSM in association with CAP scores may provide helpful information sparing unnecessary liver biopsy.

关键词： Fibroscan Controlled attenuation parameter Liver stiffness Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Liver fibrosis

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Analysis of flow-sediment rating curve hysteresis based on flow and sediment travel time estimations

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2018年第2期33卷 171-182页

作者： Chi-Cheng Yang kwan.Tun lee Water Resources Agency Department of River & Harbor Engineering National Taiwan Ocean University

A flow-sediment rating curve is used to describe the relation between flow discharge and suspendedsediment concentration for a specific location. Five types of flow-sediment rating curves-single-valued line, clockwise loop, counterclockwise loop, single-valued line plus loop, and figure eight-were found to rely on the flow and available sediment arriving at the measuring site. In this study, equations for flow and sediment travel time were derived according to soil, rainfall, and watershed geomorphologic characteristics. The hysteresis of the rating curve was related to the travel times by a series of numerical *** data collected from the Goodwin Creek Experimental Watershed, Mississippi, United States were used to verify the proposed rating curve hysteresis analysis. The results indicate that when the flow travel time is more extended than the sediment travel time, the rating curve shows a clockwise loop. A counterclockwise loop in the rating curve shows that the flow travel time is less extended than the sediment travel time. If the flow travel time exceeds the sediment travel time in specific runoff states and is less than the sediment travel time in other runoff states, then a single line plus a loop rating curve or a figure-eight rating curve is observed. The criterion for the model parameters to obtain equalization of the flow and sediment travel times was derived, which can identify the type of flow-sediment rating curve in a specific watershed.

关键词： Flow-sediment rating curve Flow travel time Sediment travel time Instantaneous unit sedimentgraph Kinematic wave Geomorphologic IUH

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Burn injury prevention in low-and middleincome countries:scoping systematic review

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Burns & Trauma 2021年第1期9卷 123-144页

作者： Kate Price kwan. chear lee Katherine E.Woolley Henry Falk Michael Peck Richard Lilford Naiem Moiemen College of Medical and Dental Sciences University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamB152TTUK University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust Queen Elizabeth Hospital BirminghamMindelsohn WayEdgbastonBirminghamB152WBUK Institute of Applied Health Research University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamB152TTUK Adjunct Professor of Environmental Health Emory UniversityRollins School of Public HealthAtlantaGA 30322US Clinical Professor of Surgery University of Arizona College of MedicinePhoenixAZ 85004US

Background:Burn injuries are a leading cause of morbidity and disability,with the burden of disease being disproportionately higher in low-and middle-income countries(LMIC).Burn prevention programmes have led to significant reductions in the incidence of burns in high-income ***,a previous systematic review published in 2015 highlighted that implementation and evaluation of similar programmes has been limited in *** objective of this scoping review and narrative synthesis was to summarise and understand the initiatives that have been carried out to reduce burn injuries in LMIC and their ***:We aimed to identify publications that described studies of effectiveness of burn prevention interventions applied to any population within a LMIC and measured burn incidence or burns-related *** publications were identified from three ***,data was extracted from manuscripts identified in the systematic review published by Rybarczyk et *** then performed a search for manuscripts on burn prevention interventions published between January 2015 and September ***,we extracted data from two systematic reviews where burn evidence was not the primary outcome,which were identified by senior authors.A quality assessment and narrative synthesis of included manuscripts were ***:In total,24 manuscripts were identified and categorized according to intervention *** majority of manuscripts(n=16)described education-based *** manuscripts focused on environmental modification interventions and four adopted a mixedmethods *** of the education-based initiatives demonstrated improvements in knowledge relating to burn safety or first aid,however few measured the impact of their intervention on burn *** manuscripts described population-based educational interventions and noted reductions in burn *** one of the four manuscripts describing environmental modification i

关键词： Burns Prevention Low-and-middle income countries Systematic review

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Synthesis and Characterization of Graphene/ITO Nanoparticle Hybrid Transparent Conducting Electrode

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Nano-Micro Letters 2018年第1期10卷 169-180页

作者： Bastian Waduge Naveen Harindu Hemasiri Jae-kwan.Kim Ji-Myon lee Department of Printed Electronics Engineering Sunchon National University

The combination of graphene with conductive nanoparticles, forming graphene–nanoparticle hybrid materials, offers a number of excellent properties for advanced engineering applications. A novel and simple method was developed to deposit 10 wt% tin-doped indium tin oxide(ITO) nanoparticles on graphene. The method involved a combination of a solution-based environmentally friendly electroless deposition approach and subsequent vacuum annealing. A stable organic-free solution of ITO was prepared from economical salts of In(NO_3)_3H_2 O and SnCl_4. The obtained ITO nanostructure exhibited a unique architecture, with uniformly dispersed 25–35 nm size ITO nanoparticles, containing only the crystallized In_2O_3 phase. The synthesized ITO nanoparticles–graphene hybrid exhibited very good and reproducible optical transparency in the visible range(more than 85%) and a28.2% improvement in electrical conductivity relative to graphene synthesized by chemical vapor deposition. It was observed that the ITO nanoparticles affect the position of the Raman signal of graphene, in which the D, G, and 2 D peaks were redshifted by 5.65, 5.69, and 9.74 cm^(-1),respectively, and the annealing conditions had no significant effect on the Raman signatures of graphene.

关键词： Graphene ITO nanoparticles Electroless deposition Crystallization Raman

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Activation of non-basalslip in multicomponent Mg alloy

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2022年第2期10卷 629-642页

作者： Hyo-Sun Jang Jong-kwan.lee Antonio João Seco Ferreira Tapia Nack Joon Kim Byeong-Joo lee Department of Materials Science and Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH)Pohang 37673Republic of Korea Graduate Institute of Ferrous Technology Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH)Pohang 37673Republic of Korea

Activating non-basalslip is a key method to improve room temperature ductility and formability of Mg ***,the detailed criterion for activation of theslip in multicomponent Mg alloys,which can be utilized in commercial Mg alloys,requires further *** present authors investigated the mechanism and criterion using a molecular statics simulation on dislocation behaviors in multicomponent Mg *** found that if multicomponent Mg alloys have an equivalent dislocation binding intensity to associated binary Mg alloys that are optimized to minimize the critical resolved shear stress anisotropy and thus activate theslip,then the critical resolved shear stress anisotropy between slip systems of the multicomponent Mg alloys can also be minimized,resulting in activation of the*** activation is maximized in multicomponent Mg alloys when alloying a large amount of weak dislocation binding *** was confirmed through experiments that the multicomponent Mg alloys satisfying the above criterion show higher room-temperature tensile elongation and formability than other alloys.

关键词： Mg–Zn–Ca alloy Molecular statics simulation Ductility Formability

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Periodic Tail Motion Linked to Wing Motion Affects the Longitudinal Stability of Ornithopter Flight

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2012年第1期9卷 18-28页

作者： Jun-seong lee Joong-kwan.Kim Jae-hung Han Charles P. Ellington Department of Aerospace Engineering KAIST Daejeon 305701 South Korea Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Downing Street Cambridge CB2 3EJ UK

During slow level flight of a pigeon, a caudal muscle involved in tail movement, the levator caudae pars vertebralis, is activated at a particular phase with the pectoralis wing muscle. Inspired by mechanisms for the control of stability in flying animals, especially the role of the tail in avian flight, we investigated how periodic tail motion linked to motion of the wings affects the longitudinal stability of ornithopter flight. This was achieved by using an integrative ornithopter flight simulator that included aeroelastic behaviour of the flexible wings and tail. Trim flight trajectories of the simulated omithopter model were calculated by time integration of the nonlinear equations of a flexible multi-body dynamics coupled with a semi-empirical flapping-wing and tail aerodynamic models. The unique trim flight characteristics of ornithopter, Limit-Cycle Oscillation, were found under the sets of wingbeat frequency and tail elevation angle, and the appropriate phase angle of tail motion was determined by parameter studies minimizing the amplitude of the oscillations. The numerical simulation results show that tail actuation synchronized with wing motion suppresses the oscillation of body pitch angle over a wide range of wingbeat frequencies.

关键词： omithopter flapping flight periodic tail motion longitudinal flight stability aeroelasticity

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