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The Cry of “Sumampa”: A River in Mampong Ashanti in Crisis

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2017年第1期9卷 40-51页

作者： Janice Dwomoh Abraham Isaac Fosu Daniel Agyapong Uchechi Agyemang kwame nkrumah hope John Abraham Department of Science Education College of Agriculture Education University of Education Winneba Ghana Department of Crop and Soil Sciences Education College of Agriculture Education University of Education Winneba Ghana Department of Conservation Biology and Entomology School of Biological Sciences College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences University of Cape Coast Cape Coast Ghana

The Sumampa River in Mampong-Ashanti in Ghana is a very important river that supplies water to the water processing company for treatment for the whole community and its environs. In spite of its importance, the buffer area of the river has been encroached by settlers. Residential houses sited along the river have channeled their waste water into the river and several anthropogenic activities go on along the river. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the effects of anthropogenic activities on the quality of the river. Water samples were collected from various parts of the river including the source and outflow for physico-chemical and microbial analyses. The results showed that, the water was highly turbid with high total dissolved solids at some points because of intense anthropogenic activities. High turbidity and total dissolved solids greatly influence the microbial load of the water. We therefore recommend that measures are put in place to protect the Sumampa River through the creation of a buffer zone by planting trees along the banks of the river. The trees could help detoxify the run-off water that flows into the river.

关键词： Anthropogenic Activities Total Dissolved Solids Turbidity Water Quality

A critical review of carbonate reservoir wettability modification during low salinity waterflooding

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Petroleum 2023年第3期9卷 317-330页

作者： Perekaboere Ivy Sagbana kwame Sarkodie Wilberforce Aggrey nkrumah Zone 63 District 841DohaQatar Petroleum Engineering Department Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyGhana Smart Fluids Laboratory Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyGhana

The nature of carbonate reservoirs promotes the adsorption of oil onto the rock surface hence making oil recovery a challenge even with the interventions of varied chemical EOR ***,low salinity water flooding has become of great interest since it is cost-effective and environmentally *** low salinity waterflooding has been highly investigated in sandstone reservoirs,it is not the same for carbonate reservoirs due to its ***,it has been proposed as a favourable technique to mobilise the trapped oil in carbonate *** alteration is regarded as the most accepted mechanism for low salinity flooding but has not been well understood making field scale applications *** this paper,we present a detailed review of the wettability alteration mechanisms in carbonate reservoirs during low salinity *** influencing wettability alteration in carbonates and the interactions that occur at the rock/brine/oil interface are also *** different methods utilised for wettability measurements during low salinity waterflooding are also reviewed including their drawbacks and advantages and *** will provide an improved understanding of the low salinity flooding application in carbonate reservoirs.

关键词： Low salinity flooding Wettability alteration Carbonate rocks

Signalization options to improve capacity and delay at roundabouts through microsimulation approach:A case study on arterial roadways in Ghana

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2021年第1期8卷 70-82页

作者： kwame Kwakwa Osei Charles Anum Adams Williams Ackaah Yolanda Oliver-Commey Regional Transport Research and Education Centre Kumasi(TRECK)Department of Civil EngineeringKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana Building and Road Research Institute of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research(CSIR-BRRI) KumasiGhana Pennoni Associates Inc. PhiladelphiaPA 19103USA

Roundabouts are very useful when flows are balanced but can have operational challenges when flows *** roundabouts on arterial roadways in Ghana experience recurring congestion during peak *** four roundabouts between Ejisu Municipality and Asokwa Municipality on the N6 highway are typical of the situation found on arterials *** experience recurring long queues and delays during the peak hours and over-representation of truck rollover *** Ghana,historically,most roundabouts with capacity problems have been developed into interchanges at very high cost without consideration of other effective at-grade *** roundabouts are signalized,various configurations can be explored to enhance capacity while preserving the safety *** simulation techniques,various configurations and design options were tested for their effectiveness at two of the roundabouts,located at KNUST police station and Ejisu,with similar demand and high left turning *** objectives of this study were to a)evaluate the performance of the selected roundabouts on the corridor;b)explore alternative intersection configurations to improve capacity and *** video data collection techniques,2-h time stamped footages of AM and PM peak traffic flows were captured for two *** design parameters of the existing roundabouts,queue lengths,travel times,and approach flows were also *** models of the selected roundabouts were developed and calibrated for the baseline *** unconventional roundabout configuration,with a phase for major road through traffic were simulated and assessed for capacity,delay and queue *** results showed that signalized roundabout intersections effectively increased capacity by as much as 50%in some cases,reduced delay and queue length significantly,and maintained the benefits of roundabouts including *** performance could be further enhanced by introducing separate

关键词： Transportation Signal strategy Roundabout Road safety VISSIM microsimulation Congestion

Exciton-polaritons in a 2D hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite microcavity with the presence of optical Stark effect

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第3期33卷 551-555页

作者： Kenneth Coker 郑楚媛 Joseph Roger Arhin kwame Opuni-Boachie Obour Agyekum 张伟利 School of Information and Communication Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731China Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Ho Technical UniversityHo 00233Ghana Telecommunication Engineering Department Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasi 00233Ghana

This study investigates the properties of exciton-polaritons in a two-dimensional(2D)hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite microcavity in the presence of optical Stark *** both steady and dynamic state analyses,strong coupling between excitons of perovskite and cavity photons is revealed,indicating the formation of polaritons in the perovskite ***,it is found that an external optical Stark pulse can induce energy shifts of excitons proportional to the pulse intensity,which modifies the dispersion characteristics of the polaritons.

关键词： exciton-polaritons perovskite microcavity optical Stark effect

Removing barriers to healthcare through an intercultural healthcare system:Focus group evidence

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2021年第1期19卷 29-35页

作者： Prince Peprah Williams Agyem ang-Duah Abdul Wahid Arimiyaw Anthony kwame Morgan Stephen Uwum bordo Nachibi Social Policy Research Centre University of New South WalesSydney 2052Australia Department of Planning Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasi 233Ghana Department of Geography and Rural Development Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasi 233Ghana

Objective:Barriers to healthcare in Ghana are *** people,including patients and providers,face them at different *** address these barriers,there is a need to explore the role of an intercultural healthcare *** paper explores and provides the first evidence on ways through which an intercultural healthcare system can reduce the sociocultural and economic barriers to healthcare in ***:Focus group discussions with 35 participants comprising 17 healthcare users,11 formal healthcare providers and 7 alternative healthcare providers were conducted to gather *** analyses were performed on the transcribed data and presented based on a posteriori inductive reduction ***:Findings reveal that an intercultural healthcare system in Ghana can help reduce barriers to healthcare,especially cultural,social and economic barriers,by fostering an enhanced relationship between culture and healthcare,promoting affordable healthcare and promoting effective communication between healthcare providers and *** institutional support,lack of strong political will and commitment,lack of training to meet standards of practice,poor registration and regulatory measures,and lack of universal acceptance inhibit implementation of an intercultural healthcare system in ***:The support for intercultural healthcare system and the agreement on its perceived ability to reduce social,cultural and economic healthcare barriers for service users offer an opportunity for policymakers to demonstrate a stronger political will and improved commitment for effective education and training,enforcement of regulatory measures,inclusion of intercultural healthcare in medical school curricula across the country,and community engagement.

关键词： Intercultural health Health system Healthcare barriers Focus group Ghana

Volume warrants for major and minor roads left-turning traffic lanes at unsignalized T-intersections： A case study using VISSIM modelling

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2018年第5期5卷 417-428页

作者： Eric Nyame-Baafi Charles Anum Adams kwame Kwakwa Osei Urban Roads Department Ejisu Municipal Assembly Ejisu-Ashanti Region Ghana Department of Civil Engineerin9 Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana

The most common type of intersection improvement considered in Ghana is signalization. However, other actions such as the installation of left-turn lanes have been proven to improve the efficiency and safety of an intersection without the need for signalization in the short term. Warrants which guide the installation of such lanes in Ghana are adopted from elsewhere and as a result do not reflect local traffic flow conditions. This study established volume warrants based on a delay threshold to guide the installation of left- turn lanes at unsignalized T-intersections using VISSIM micro simulation tool. The VISSIM model was calibrated using traffic flow, delay, average and maximum queue length data obtained from a two-hour video recording of the case study intersection during the morning peak period. After calibration, several scenarios covering a wide range of opera- tional conditions were simulated. Using level of service （LOS） C cut off point of 25 s/veh as the maximum acceptable delay to minor road left-turning traffic, an equation y = -0.57x ＋1091 has been developed which predicts the minor road left-turn volume threshold （y） above which a minor road left-turn lane may be considered and below which a minor road left-turn lane may not be necessary for a range of major road volumes （x）. The critical delay to major road left-turning traffic was found to be 16 s/veh. Major road left-turn lane volume warrants were also determined based on this threshold delay value. The approach used in this study can serve as a guide that can be used by metropolitan and municipal road en- gineers to assess the need for left-turn lanes.

关键词： Unsignalized T-intersection Left-turn Warrants Delay Micro simulation VISSIM

Taxonomic and community composition of epigeal arthropods in monoculture and mixed tree species plantations in a deciduous forest of Ghana

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Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第3期34卷 641-653页

作者： Frederick Gyasi Damptey Emmanuel Opuni-Frimpong Collins Ayine Nsor James Addai Daniel kwame Debrah Benjamin Schnerch Felicity Bentsi-Enchill Henn Korjus Department of Ecology Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg03046 CottbusGermany CSIR-Forestry Research Institute of Ghana KumasiGhana School of Natural Resources University of Energy and Natural Resources(UENR)SunyaniGhana Department of Forest Resources Technology Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana Forest Service Division of the Forestry Commission Accra Department of Biology Education Faculty of Science EducationUniversity of EducationWinnebaGhana Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering Estonian University of Life SciencesTartuEstonia

Tropical forests provide several ecosystem services and functions and support approximately two-thirds of the world’s biodiversity but are seriously threatened by *** to counteract this menace have revolved around aff orestation with several or a single tree *** thus investigated how plantation forests with either a single or several tree species infl uenced arthropod taxonomic and community composition using pitfall traps to sample selected groups of epigeal arthropods(Araneae,Coleoptera,Orthoptera and Hymenoptera)and with environmental variables assessed *** results revealed 54 taxonomic groups with signifi cantly higher taxonomic richness,activity density,and diversity in the mixed stands than in the monoculture *** significant differences in community composition were mainly driven by families including Lycosidae,Formicidae,Staphylinidae,Scotylidae,Hydrophilidae,Gryllidae and Scarabaeidae and were explained by distinct habitat characteristics(canopy openness,litter depth,deadwood volume,and tree height).While the diverse tree communities and heterogeneous vegetation structure off ered food and habitat resources for diverse arthropod groups,the allelopathic nature coupled with homogenous stand characteristics of the Tectona grandis stands in the monoculture suppressed the growth of understorey vegetation that could otherwise serve as food and habitat resources for arthropods,which might have led to limited activities and diversity of arthropods in the monoculture plantation *** fi ndings thus highlight the need to promote mixed tree plantations in degraded tropical areas,especially when restoring biodiversity is the prime management focus.

关键词： Arthropod community Forest plantations Structural complexity Tree diversity Tropical deforestation

Tannin-Based Deflocculants in High Temperature High Pressure Wells: A Comprehensive Review

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Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science 2021年第4期11卷 263-289页

作者： Michael Kwadwo Fokuo Wilberforce nkrumah Aggrey Mizpah Ama Dziedzorm Rockson Yen Adams Sokama-Neuyam Patrick Boakye Gershon Amenuvor kwame Sarkodie Emmanuel Pinto Hassan Karimaie Department of Petroleum Engineering Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana Department of Chemical Engineering Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana Department of Chemistry Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana

Clay deflocculants that are commonly used in water-based muds under high temperature high pressure (HTHP) oilwell drilling conditions have been found to contain chromium which is toxic. Tannin-based deflocculants are regarded as a more environmentally friendly and suitable alternative to the chrome-based deflocculants. However, tannin-based deflocculants have not been studied extensively and understood completely, and for the past two years, there have not been many active pieces of research in the area. To advance research in the area, there is a need to critically and holistically review research works that have been done so far on tannin-based deflocculants as drilling mud additives to identify research challenges and opportunities. This review paper provides an overview of tannin-based deflocculants used in water-based muds under HTHP drilling conditions, including the various forms, thermal stability, deflocculating ability and environmental acceptance of the deflocculant. The review revealed that under HTHP conditions, modified and unmodified tannin-based deflocculants both deflocculate water muds well and are thermostable. However, only a few studies have been conducted on their usage as deflocculants at temperatures of 150ºC or above. The research gaps identified if pursued could advance the use of tannin-based deflocculants as green substitutes for the conventional chrome-based deflocculants.

关键词： Deflocculant Tannin Drilling Fluid Bentonite Flocculation High Temperature

Performance Analysis of Image Smoothing Techniques on a New Fractional Convolution Mask for Image Edge Detection

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2016年第7期6卷 478-488页

作者： Peter Amoako-Yirenkyi Justice kwame Appati Isaac kwame Dontwi Department of Mathematics Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana National Institute of Mathematical Sciences Kumasi Ghana

We present the analysis of three independent and most widely used image smoothing techniques on a new fractional based convolution edge detector originally constructed by same authors for image edge analysis. The implementation was done using only Gaussian function as its smoothing function based on predefined assumptions and therefore did not scale well for some types of edges and noise. The experiments conducted on this mask using known images with realistic geometry suggested the need for image smoothing adaptation to obtain a more optimal performance. In this paper, we use the structural similarity index measure and show that the adaptation technique for choosing smoothing function has significant advantages over a single function implementation. The new adaptive fractional based convolution mask can smoothly find edges of various types in detail quite significantly. The method can now trap both local discontinuities in intensity and its derivatives as well as locating Dirac edges.

关键词： Cubic B-Spline Edge Detection Fractional Edge Gaussian Filter Image Smoothing Median Filter Structural Similarity Index Measure