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Evaluation of Water Losses by Evaporation in the Nakanbe Basin

Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2024年第1期14卷 29-41页

作者： Bayala Alfred Kabre Sayouba Yonli Hamma Fabien Chesneau Xavier Thierry Sikoudouin maurice Ky Zeghmati Belkacem Kieno P. Florent kam Sié Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences Exactes et Appliquées (UFR/SEA) Laboratoire d’Energies Thermiques Renouvelables (LETRE) Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Unité de Formation et de recherche en Science Exactes et Appliquées Centre Universitaire de Kaya (CU-K) Perpignan France Laboratoire de Modélisation Pluridisciplinaire et Simulation Université de Perpignan Via Domitia Perpignan France Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences Exactes et Appliquées (UFR/SEA) Laboratoire de Matériaux et Environnement Uni-versité Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l’ Environnement (LPCE) Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

A numerical approach to heat and mass transfer in a large water reservoir is presented. This water reservoir is likened to a parallelepiped reservoir whose vertical and lower walls are adiabatic and impermeable. The equations that govern natural convection in water are solved by the finite volume method and Thomas’salgorithm. The adequacy between the velocity and pressure fields is ensured by the SIMPLE algorithm. We are going to evaluate the water losses by evaporation from three dams in the Nakanbé basin in Burkina Faso for a period of thirty years, that is to say from January 1, 1991, to March 15, 2020. The three dams have a rate of evaporation greater than 40% of the volume of water stored. Indeed the rate of evaporation in each dam increases with the water filling rate in the reservoir: we have observed the following results for each dam in the Nakanbé basin;for the date of 02/27/1988 to 03/13/2020., the Loumbila dam received a total volume of stored water of 22.02 Mm3 and 10.57 Mm3 as the total volume of water evaporated at the same date. At the Ouaga dam (2 + 3), it stored a water volume of 4.06 Mm3 and evaporated 2.03 Mm3 of its storage volume from 01/01/1988 to 05/07/2016. Finally, with regard to the Bagré dam, it stored 745.16 Mm3 of water and 365.13 Mm3 as the volume of water evaporated from 01/01/1993 to 03/31/2020.

关键词： Numerical Study Evaporation Meteorological Data Natural Convection Basins Dams

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Magnetic Characterization of Amphibolites from the Fomopéa Pluton(West Cameroon):Their Implication in the Pan-African Deformation of the Central African Fold Belt

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2012年第1期86卷 73-84页

作者： NJANKO Théophile FOZING Eric Martial kw.kam maurice YAKEU SANDJO Angéline Flore NJONFANG Emmanuel Laboratory of Environmental Geology Department of Earth SciencesDschang University Laboratory of Geology ENS Yaounde I University

The Fomopea granitic pluton is emplaced in gnessic and amphibolitic basement. These gneissic and amphibolitic basement rocks are represented in the pluton＇s body as sub-rounded, elongated or stretched xenoliths. Amphibolitic xenoliths display testimonies of two main tectonic events namely：（i） El flattening deformation event characterized by a NW-SE to E-W foliation with a best pole at 246/57 and a mineral stretched lineation with a best line at 293/47; and （ii） E2 compressive event typified by （1） N-S to NNE-SSW steeply dipping foliation; （2） S-type flexion-fold indicating a sinistral shear movement. These amphibolite rocks indicate a magnetic susceptibility magnitude （Km） range from 418 ~SI to 90092 IISI for 87% of the stations showing a ferromagnetic behavior. K-T curves reveal the presence of Ti-poor magnetite as susceptibility mineral carrier. Magnetic foliation and lineation suggest that the N-S strike direction observed in the Bamendou amphibolite is, as pointed out elsewhere in the Central African Fold Belt, of paramount importance in the tectonic evaluation of the Fomopea area, since it has most likely acted as major deformation phase in the second tectonic event in the belt.

关键词： amphibolite anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) Pan-African fold belt Cameroon

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Kinematic Evolution of the Nyakong-Manyi Shear Zone(Adamawa,Cameroon): Constraints from Field Observations and Microstructures,and Implication for Metamorphic P-T-t Estimation

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地球科学学刊:英文版 2023年第5期34卷 1465-1487页

作者： Belmien Robinson Sobze Yemdji Jules Tcheumenak Kouémo Eric Martial Fozing Ludovic Achu Megnemo Julios Efon Awoum Agnes Blandine kamgang Tchuifong Brice Rostant Tepi Yemele maurice kw.kam Department of Earth Science University of DschangDschang 67Cameroon Department of Earth Science Faculty of ScienceUniversity of DoualaDouala 24157Cameroon

The Nyakong-Manyi Shear Zone(NMSZ) is a NE-SW elongated corridor found to the northwest of the Foumban-Bankim Shear Zone(FBSZ) along the Central Cameroon Shear Zone. Controversial chronology models has been proposed for the kinematic evolution of the sinistral and dextral shear phases in the Tikar Plain, thus in the FBSZ;early dextral and late sinistral shear phases for some authors and early sinistral and late dextral shear for others. Moreover, the NMSZ kinematic evolution implication on the mylonitization P-T-t path in the area seem to be problematic and the present paper aim is to clear enough those problems;since this shear zone is the main mylonitic corridor that registered the left and right lateral movement in this area. The NMSZ comprises amphibolites, protomylonites, strict sensus mylonites(garnet-kyanite-sillimanite mylonite and garnet-pyroxene mylonite), ultramylonites kyanite-sillimanite and garnet-kyanite-sillimanite gneiss. Field structures testify that the investigated area recorded three deformation phases:(i) the D1deformation phase which is marked by NW-SE to N-S trending S1metamorphic foliation with low to moderate dips(15°–45°) that was transposed during the D2phase, is responsible for a regional metamorphism whose mineral paragenesis is garnet-kyanite-sillimanite;(ii) the early sinistral NNE-SSW to NE-SW shear phase D2marked by S2metamorphic and mylonitic foliations;responsible for, L2stretching mineral lineation, F2fold axes and B2boudins structures;(iii) the late dextral NE-SW shear phase D3, characterized by F3folds, B3boudins and ductile dextral C3shear planes. Mineral paragenesis garnet + kyanite + sillimanite and microstructures within gneiss testify that this rock underwent high grade regional metamorphism whose peak conditions are estimated at 11.5–13.5 kbar/850–900 ℃. After the peak of metamorphism gneiss was overprinted by high grade pressure mylonitization during the early sinistral and late dextral shear deformations. Microstructura

关键词： structural and microstructural features pressure-temperature estimation Nyakong-Manyi Shear Zone Foumban-Bankim Shear Zone Central Cameroon ShearZone tectonics petrology

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Geochemical evaluation of mineralization potential of the Somie-Ntem area within the Tikar plain,Cameroon:implication on petrogenesis

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Acta Geochimica 2022年第5期41卷 861-886页

作者： Mero Yannah Yaya Fodoue maurice kw.kam Benoit Joseph Mbassa Juliana Amboh Tifang Armand Dongmo Kagou Samuel Ndonwi Ayonghe Institute of Geological and Mining Research YaoundeCameroon Department of Earth Sciences University of DschangDschangCameroon Central Unit for Internal Control and Evaluation University of BueaBueaCameroon

Somie-Ntem area of the Tikar plain belongs to the western Cameroon *** lithology of the plain has been characterized,and the mineral potential is still unclear despite previous reports on Sn deposit within one of the magmatic *** results show two groups of granitic rocks displaying oxidized and reduced character;(1)mesocratic(oxidized)granites including biotitebearing,hornblende-biotite-bearing,hornblende-epidotebearing and pyroxene-bearing;(2)leucogranites(reduced)that are generally amphibole-pyroxene *** granitoids are hosted by gneisses and metasedimentary rocks partially covered by *** element composition shows high-K calc-alkaline to shoshonite affinity,metaluminous to weakly peraluminous I-type *** granites show moderately negative Eu anomaly,depleted in Nb,P,Ti,and are related to syn-collisional *** are post-orogenic with strong negative Eu anomaly,depleted in Ba and Sr and enriched in Hf,Nb and *** are fertile in Sn and Zn,enriched through postmagmatic metasomatism and ***–Cu–Ni–V mineralization occurs in hornblende-bearing gneisses and their enrichment suggests a possible Ni–Cutype PGEs mineralization in this ***,their trace element shows high Ni/Cu,very low Rb/Sr,low LILE and LREE which indicates mantle fractionation at *** absence of olivine and pyroxene,and increased SiO_(2)and Al_(2)O_(3)in the Cr–Cu–Ni–V-bearing rocks show that the parent magma experienced fractional crystallization and crustal contamination during ***,the high Zr/Rb and K/Rb ratios show that hydrothermal activity was not intense to enhance mineralization in the *** in the direction of stress during shear deformation inhibited an effective hydrothermal activity and ore deposition in the region.

关键词： Geochemistry Mineralization Somie-Ntem Tikar plain Cameroon

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Effect of the Orientation on the Comfort of a Building Made with Compressed Earth Block

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Smart Grid and Renewable Energy 2021年第7期12卷 99-112页

作者： Fati Amadou Oumarou Adama Ouedraogo Sikoudouin maurice Thierry Ky Ramchandra Bhandari Amadou Konfe Ramatou Konate Rabani Adamou Dieudonné Joseph Bathiebo Sié kam Laboratory of Renewable Thermal Energies University Joseph KI-ZERBO: UFR/SEA Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Faculty of Science and Technologies Department of Chemistry University Abdou Moumouni Niamey Niger Centre Universitaire Polytechnique de Kaya (CUP-Kaya) University Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Institute for Technology and Resources Management in the Tropics and Subtropics: ITT Cologne Germany

Thermal comfort is one of the most important requirements that scientists and building designers must meet to ensure the indoor air quality knowing its importance on productivity and the health of occupants. However, it has never been of great concern for architects and architectural historians and seldom explores it. Buildings are the large consumer of the most energy consumption (around 40% worldwide) and generate around 35% of GHGs like CO2 that leads to extreme climate change. Hence, general and specific eco-friendly solutions in the field of building construction are required. Analysis of this study shows that air conditioning consumption can be significantly reduced thanks to the compressed earth bricks and by taking into account the climate and the orientation of the facades. However, this paper establishes viable low-cost option of building energy consumption while maintaining the thermal comfort and good indoor air quality. This work explains the effect of a single residential room orientation, by reducing the thermal amplitude, and improving the thermal phase shift in Ouagadougou climate conditions in April. Internal temperature was modelled with 8 cardinal orientations. The result corresponds to a decrease of thermal amplitude damping greater than 4°C between East-West and North-South sides and, with a thermal phase shift of 4 hours 30 minutes between the Nord and West walls.

关键词： Thermal Comfort Building Optimal Orientation Thermal Amplitude Thermal Phase Shift Energy Consumption Optimal Orientation

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Numerical Study of a Cylindro-Parabolic Cooker “Blazing Tube”

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2022年第11期12卷 1783-1795页

作者： Boureima Dianda Mibienpan Ki Wende Pouiré Germain Ouédraogo Nébon Bado Sikoudouin maurice Thierry Ky Bruno Korgo Sié kam Dieudonné Joseph Bathiebo National Center for Scientific and Technological Research Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratory of Renewable Thermal Energies University Josph Ki-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Higher School of Engineering (ESI) University of Fada N’Gourma Fada N’Gourma Burkina Faso

The objective of this work is to numerically determine the thermal performance of the parabolic cylinder cooker commonly “blazing tube”. These performances were determined by establishing heat balances at the different levels of the system. The equations obtained have been discretized;simplifying assumptions have been made to facilitate their resolution. We adopted Gauss Seidel’s method using MATLAB software to solve these equations. The temperatures of the coolant, the glass and the absorber were determined as a function of time and along the tube. The thermal efficiency was also determined. It emerged that the different temperatures evolve linearly as a function of the length of the tube. Yield and temperatures depend on the amount of sunshine.

关键词： Solar Cooker Heat Transfer Fluid Temperature Yield Sunshine

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Numerical Study of a Cylindro-Parabolic Cooker “Blazing Tube”

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences（应用科学） 2022年第11期

作者： boureima dianda mibienpan ki wende pouiré germain ouédraogo nébonbado sikoudouin maurice thierry ky bruno korgo siékam dieudonné joseph bathiebo

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