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Improved Performance of W/HZSM-5 Catalysts for Dehydroaromatization of Methane

Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry 2004年第3期13卷 148-159页

作者： Nor Aishah Saidina Amin kusmiyati Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources EngineeringUniversiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 UTM Skudai Johor Malaysia.Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources EngineeringUniversiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 UTM Skudai Johor Malaysia.

The dehydroaramatization of methane over W-supported ZSM-5 with varying degrees of Li+ ion-exchanged catalysts was studied with and without oxygen at 1073 K and atmospheric pressure. Catalyst activity and stability were found to be influenced by the catalyst acidity related to Bronsted acid sites and by the presence of oxygen in the feed. The NH3-TPD and FTIR-pyridine results demonstrated that partially exchanged of H+ ions by Li+ into the W/HZSM-5 catalysts could be used to control the amount of strong acid sites on the catalyst surface. Without oxygen, the 3WHLi-Z (5:1) catalyst that has strong acid sites equal to nearly 74% of the original strong acid sites in the parent HZSM-5 exhibited the highest methane conversion and selectivity towards aromatics. However, the catalyst deactivated in a five hour period. In the presence of oxygen, the catalyst activity and stability could be improved further. The results of this study revealed that a suitable amount of strong Bronsted acid sites as well as oxygen addition in the feed increased the catalyst activity and stability. The 3WHLi-Z(5:1) catalyst exhibited improved performance in the dehydroaromatization of methane.

关键词： dehydroaromatization methane W-supported ZSM-5 partial ion exchange H+ ion Li ion catalyst activity catalyst stability catalyst acidity oxygen presence improved performance

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Production and Nutritive Value of Calopo with Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizer from Difference Sources

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2011年第8期1卷 1130-1132页

作者： D. R. Lukiwati F. E. Syahputra F. kusmiyati Animal Agriculture Faculty Diponegoro University Semarang Central Java Indonesia Dinas Pertanian TPH Semarang Central Java Indonesia

Calopogonium mucunoides （calopo） is one of forage legumes as protein and mineral sources for ruminant livestock in the tropics. However, most of the land in Indonesia that used for forage crops production characterized by acid pH, low in nitrogen and phosphorus. Phosphorus fertilizers have been used widely to improve soil fertility in Indonesia. As the high cost of superphosphate （SP）, the focus is now on rock phosphate （RP） fertilizer which relatively cheaper than SP, and it has high solubility in acid condition. Combination between nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer from difference sources may be a promising technique to overcome those problems. A field experiment was conducted on a latosolic soil （low pH, nitrogen and low available Bray II extractable P）. The objective of the research is to evaluate the effect of combination between nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer from difference sources on dry matter production and digestibility, nitrogen and phosphorus uptake of Calopogonium mucunoides （calopo）. Completely randomized block design with 9 treatments in 3 replicates was used in this experiment. The treatments were TO （control）, TI （SP）, T2 （RP）, T3 （urea）, T4 （ZA）, T5 （SP ＋ urea）, T6 （SP ＋ ZA）, T7 （RP ＋ urea）, T8 （RP ＋ ZA）. Size of plot was 2 m × 3 m, fertilized with 50 kg N/ha and 200 kg P2O5/ha, according to the assigned treatment. All plot received basal fertilizer of KCI （100 kg KzO/ha） and goat manure （5 ton/ha）. Calopogonium mucunoides was defoliated and nutritive value. Result showed that dry matter production on 90 days after planting and analyzed for dry matter production and nutritive value significantly influenzed by the treatments. Combination between N （ZA, urea） and P （SP, RP） fertilizer resulted dry matter production, nutrient uptake, and dry matter digestibility significantly higher compared to control, and NP fertilization separatedly. Combination of RP and N （urea, ZA） resulted in dry matter production, nutrient uptake, and dry matter digestib

关键词： Calopogonium mucunoides digestibility nitrogen nutrient uptake phosphorus

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