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Atrial fibrillation in the elderly: the potential contribution of reactiv. oxygen species

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2012年第4期9卷 379-388页

作者： kurt J. Schillinger v.ckas v. Patel Penn Cardiov.scular Institute and Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most commonly encountered cardiac arrhythmia, and is a significant source of healthcare expenditures throughout the world. It is an arrhythmia with a v.ry clearly defined predisposition for indiv.duals of adv.nced age, and this fact has led to intense study of the mechanistic links between aging and AF. By promoting oxidativ. damage tomultiple subcellular and cellular structures, reactiv. oxygen species (ROS) hav. been shown to induce the intra- and extra-cellular changes necessary to promote the pathogenesis of *** addition, the generation and accumulation of ROS hav. been intimately linked to the cellular processeswhich underlie aging. This rev.ew begins with an ov.rv.ew of AF pathophysiology, and introduces the critical structures which, when damaged, predispose an otherwise healthy atrium toAF. The av.ilable ev.dence thatROS can lead to damage of these critical structures is then rev.ewed. Finally, the ev.dence linking the process of aging to the pathogenesis of AF is discussed.

关键词： Aging Arrhythmia Atrial fibrillation Cardiac Free radicals Oxidativ. stress Redox

The Plant Cell Surface

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Journal of Integrativ. Plant Biology 2010年第2期52卷 126-130页

作者： Anne-Mie C. Emons kurt v. Fagerstedt The Editor of this Special Issue Plant Cell Biology Droev.ndaalsesteeg 1 Wageningen Univ.rsity 6708 PB Wageningen The Netherlands The Editor of this Special Issue Plant Biology PO Box 65 FI-00014 Helsinki Univ.rsity Finland

Multicellular organization and tissue construction has ev.lv.d along essentially different lines in plants and animals. Since plants do not run away, but are anchored in the soil, their tissues are more or less firm and stiff. This strength stems from the cell walls, which encase the fragile cytoplasm, and protect it. Properties of plant cell walls translate into properties of plant tissue. For instance, the cellulose microfibril angle in the different layers of walls of indiv.dual cells is a determinant of mechanical functions, which are useful to the plant itself. It also determines material properties of tissues and their potential industrial use. Indeed, plant cell walls determine the industrial v.lue of a range of plant products including paper, timber, foodstuff, fodder, spun fibers, coatings, renewable polymers and future nanocomposites. Cell walls and their biosynthesis is a v.ry activ. field of plant research.

关键词： cell The Plant Cell Surface

Cell Wall Lignin is Polymerised by Class Ⅲ Secretable Plant Peroxidases in Norway Spruce

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Journal of Integrativ. Plant Biology 2010年第2期52卷 186-194页

作者： kurt v.Fagerstedt Eija M.Kukkola v.lle v.T.Koistinen Junko Takahashi Kaisa Marjamaa Department of Biological and Env.ronmental Sciences Plant BiologyP.O. Box 65 FI-00014 Helsinki UniversityFinland Technical Research Center of Finland (v.T) PL 100002044 VTTFinland

Class Ⅲ secretable plant peroxidases occur as a large family of genes in plants with many functions and probable redundancy. In this rev.ew we are concentrating on the ev.dence we hav. on the catalysis of lignin polymerization by class Ⅲ plant peroxidases present in the apoplastic space in the xylem of trees. Some ev.dence exists on the specificity of peroxidase isozymes in lignin polymerization through substrate specificity studies, from antisense mutants in tobacco and poplar and from tissue and cell culture lines of Norway spruce （Picea abies） and Zinnia elegans. In addition, real time （RT-）PCR results hav. pointed out that many peroxidases hav. tissue specific expression patterns in Norway spruce. Through combining information on catalytic properties of the enzymes, on the expression patterns of the corresponding genes, and on the presence of monolignols and hydrogen peroxide in the apoplastic space, we can show that specific peroxidases catalyze lignin polymerization in the apoplastic space of Norway spruce xylem.

关键词： Secretable Plant Peroxidases in Norway Spruce

NMR Chromatography: Molecular Diffusion in the Presence of Pulsed Field Gradients in Analytical Chemistry Applications

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2012年第6期3卷 401-409页

作者： kurt A. Heisel Joy J. Goto v.swanathan v. Krishnan Department of Chemistry California State University Fresno USA Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Davis School of Medicine University of California Sacramento USA

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is an excellent analytical tool for precise structural characterization of organic and bio-molecules. Though NMR is often used to characterize a single compound in solution, emerging experimental methods using pulsed-field-gradients (PFGs) allow structural dynamic characterization of sev.ral compounds, simultaneously in the same solution. NMR as a chromatography tool is often an ov.rlooked application by analytical chemists. Therefore, in this article we introduce the concept of NMR based diffusion measurements, basic operational methods and nov.l applications. We expect this article to increase the ov.rall use and appreciation of NMR-based diffusion measurements in general and in particular, in analytical chemistry applications.

关键词： NMR Molecular Diffusion Pulsed Field Gradients DOSY

Micro RNA in inflammatory bowel disease: Translational research and clinical implication

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第43期21卷 12274-12282页

作者： kurt Fisher Jingmei Lin Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Indiana University School of Medicine

Idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) predominantly includes ulcerativ. colitis and Crohn's disease. The pathogenesis of IBD is complex and not completely understood. Micro RNAs belong to a class of noncoding small RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression. Unique micro RNA expression profiles hav. been explored in IBD. In this rev.ew,we focus on the unique micro RNA expression pattern in both tissue and peripheral blood from IBD patients and emphasize the potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications. The discov.ry of micro RNAs has contributed to our understanding of IBD pathogenesis and might lead to clinical adv.nce in new therapeutics.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Ulcerativ. colitis Croh

Role of minimally inv.siv. surgery for rectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第30期26卷 4394-4414页

作者： kurt A Melstrom Andreas M Kaiser Div.sion of Colorectal Surgery Department of SurgeryCity of Hope National Medical CenterDuarteCA 91010-3000United States

Rectal cancer is one of the most common malignancies *** resection for rectal cancer usually requires a proctectomy with respectiv. lymphadenectomy(total mesorectal excision).This has traditionally been performed transabdominally through an open *** the last thirty years,minimally inv.siv. surgery platforms hav. rapidly ev.lv.d with the goal to accomplish the same quality rectal resection through a less inv.siv. *** are currently three resectiv. modalities that complement the traditional open operation:(1)Laparoscopic surgery;(2)Robotic surgery;and(3)Transanal total mesorectal *** addition,there are sev.ral platforms to carry out transluminal local excisions(without lymphadenectomy).Ev.dence on the v.rious modalities is of mixed to moderate *** is unreasonable to expect a randomized comparison of all options in a single *** rev.ew aims at rev.ewing in detail the v.rious techniques in regard to intra-/perioperativ. benchmarks,recov.ry and complications,oncological and functional outcomes.

关键词： Rectal cancer Minimally inv.siv. surgery Laparoscopic surgery Robotic surgery Transanal total mesorectal excision Transanal minimally inv.siv. surgery

Effects of daily telephone-based re-education before taking medicine on Helicobacter pylori eradication

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第15期22卷 4071-4072页

作者： Hakan Demirci Kadir Ozturk Omer kurt Department of Gastroenterology Gulhane Military Medical Academy 06010 Ankara Turkey

We read the article "Effects of daily telephone-based re-education before taking medicine on Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) eradication: A prospectiv. singlecenter study from China" written by Wang et al with great interest. It is reported in American and European guidelines that there is no sufficient test for the diagnosis of H. pylori except culture and that using at least two different tests for diagnosis of H. pylori is recommended. Patients who used antibiotics or bismuth salts in the prev.ous 2 wk were excluded from study. But patients who used probiotics and antioxidant v.tamins such as v.tamins C and E were not excluded.

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Erdication rates Telephone based education

Asymmetrical positiv. assortativ. mating induced by dev.lopmental lead （Pb2＋） exposure in a model system, Drosophila melanogaster

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Current Zoology 2017年第2期63卷 195-203页

作者： Elizabeth K. PETERSON Roman YUKILEv.CH Joanne KEHLBECK Kelly M. LARUE Kyle FERRAIOLO kurt HOLLOCHER Helmut v.B. HIRSCH Bernard POSSIDENTE Department of Biological Sciences State University of New York at Albany Albany NY 12222 USA Department of Biology Union College Schenectady NY 12308 USA Department of Chemistry Union College Schenectady NY 12308 USA Department of Molecular Biology Princeton University Princeton NJ 08544 USA Department of Geology Union College Schenectady NY 12308 USA Department of Biology Skidmore College Saratoga Springs NY 12866 USA

Anthropogenic pollutants hav. the potential to disrupt reproductiv. strategies. Little is known about how lead （Pb2＋） exposure disrupts indiv.dual-lev.l responses in reproductiv. behav.ors, which are important for fitness. Drosophila melanogaster was used as a model system to deter- mine the effects of： 1） dev.lopmental lead exposure on pre-mating reproductiv. behav.ors （i.e., mate preference）, and 2） lead exposure and mating preferences on fitness in the F0 parental generation and F1 un-exposed offspring. Wild-type strains of D. melanogaster were reared from egg stage to adulthood in control or leaded medium （250 μM PbAc） and tested for differences in： mate preference, male song performance, sex pheromone expression, fecundity, mortality, and body weight. F0 leaded females preferentially mated with leaded males （i.e., asymmetrical positiv. assortativ. mating） in 2-choice tests. This positiv. assortativ. mating was mediated by the females （and not the males） and was dependent upon context and dev.lopmental exposure to Pb. Neither the courtship song nor the sex pheromone profile expressed by control and leaded males medi- ated the positiv. assortativ. mating in leaded females. Leaded females did not incur a fitness cost in terms of reduced fecundity, increased mortality, or decreased body weight by mating with leaded males. These results suggest that sublethal exposure to lead during dev.lopment can alter mate preferences in adults, but not fitness measures once lead exposure has been remov.d. We suggest that changes in mate preference may induce fitness costs, as well as long-term population and multi-generational implications, if pollution is persistent in the env.ronment.

关键词： cuticular hydrocarbons positiv. assortativ. mating random mating species recognition system.

Controv.rsies in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux and achalasia

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第20期12卷 3155-3161页

作者： kurt E Roberts Andrew J Duffy Robert L Bell Department of Surgery Yale Univ.rsity School of Medicine 40 Temple St. Suite 3 ANew HavenCT 06510United States

The immense success of laparoscopic surgery as an effectiv. treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease （GERD） and achalasia has established minimal inv.siv. surgery as the gold standard for these two conditions with lower morbidity and mortality, shorter hospital stay, faster conv.lescence, and less postoperativ. pain. One controv.rsy in the treatment of GERD ev.lv.s around laparoscopic antireflux surgery （LAP, S） as the preferred treatmerit for Barrett＇s esophagus and the procedure＇s potential to reduce the risk of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. GERD has also been associated with respiratory symptoms, asthma and laryngeal injury, and a second controv.rsy prompts discussions about whether total or partial fundoplication is the more appropriate treatment for GERD. A new and promising alternativ. in the treatment of GERD is endoluminal therapy. Three types of this new treatment option will be discussed： radiofrequency energy deliv.red to the lower esophageal sphincter, the creation of a mechanical barrier at the gastroesophageal junction, and the direct endoscopic tightening of the lower esophageal sphincter. Laparoscopic surgery is discussed not only as a v.ry effectiv. treatment for GERD but also as permanent cure for achalasia. This rev.ew analyzes the three most important treatment options for achalasia： medications, pneumatic dilatation, and surgical therapy. Medications as the only true non-inv.siv. option in the treatment of achalasia are not as effectiv. as LAPS because of their short half-life and v.riable absorption due to the poor esophageal emptying. The second treatment option, pneumatic dilatation, inv.lv.s the stretching of the lower esophagus and is still considered the most effectiv. nonsurgical treatment for achalasia. Finally, surgical therapy for achalasia and the two major controv.rsies concerning this laparoscopic treatment are discussed. The first inv.lv.s the extent to which the myotomy is extended onto the stomach, and the second concer

关键词： Gastroesophageal reflux disease Nissen Toupet Fundoplication Achalasia Heller myotomy