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Biochar insights from laboratory incubations monitoring O_(2) consumption and CO_(2) production

Biochar 2019年第3期1卷 249-258页

作者： Risely Ferraz Almeida kurt a.spokas Daniel de Bortoli Teixeira Newton La Scala Junior University of Sao Paulo-USP PiracicabaBrazil United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service St.PaulMNUSA University of Marília-Unimar MaríliaBrazil Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP JaboticabalBrazil

Biochar has been touted as a long-term carbon sequestration ***,there are no studies evaluating biochar’s effect on oxygen(O_(2))consumption as a measure of the microbial respiration response to *** gain insight into this aspect,we evaluated O_(2) consumption rates to test the hypothesis that biochar is an efficient agent for carbon dioxide(CO_(2))sequestration in *** different biochar types and one activated charcoal were incubated alone and associated with three different soils for approximately 2 months in laboratory *** concentration of CO_(2) and O_(2) was periodically *** data presented here confirm that the CO_(2) production following biochar’s addition to soils results in a process that is correlated to oxygen ***,this overall stimulation is not clearly related to biochar *** carbon resulted in the highest statistically significant stimulation of activity,despite it possessing the lowest quantity of volatile carbon and mineral nutrient *** into consideration our results,we conclude that using biochar does achieve total carbon ***,the amount of available soil organic carbon following soil incorporation appears to be reduced following biochar addition and its long-term implication on this mineralizable soil organic carbon pool does deserve more research attention.

关键词： Biochar activation Charcoal CO_(2)sequestration CO_(2)sorption

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Microbial response to designer biochar and compost treatments for mining impacted soils

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Biochar 2021年第3期3卷 299-314页

作者： Thomas F.Ducey Jeffrey M.Novak Gilbert C.Sigua James A.Ippolito Hannah C.Rushmiller Donald W.Watts Kristin M.Trippe kurt a.spokas Kenneth C.Stone Mark G.Johnson Coastal Plains Soil Waterand Plant Research CenterAgricultural Research Service-USDAFlorenceSCUSA Department of Soil and Crop Sciences Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA National Forage Seed Production Research Center Agricultural Research Service-USDACorvallisORUSA Soil and Water Management Research Unit Agricultural Research Service-USDASt.PaulMNUSA National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory US Environmental Protection AgencyCorvallisORUSA

The Oronogo-Duenweg mining belt is a designated United States Environmental Protection Agency Superfund site due to lead-contaminated soil and groundwater by former mining and smelting *** that have undergone remediation-in which the O,A,and B horizons have been removed alongside the lead contamination-have an exposed C horizon and are incalcitrant to revegetation *** also continue to contain quantifiable Cd and Zn *** improve soil conditions and encourage successful site revegetation,our study employed three biochars,sourced from different feedstocks(poultry litter,beef cattle manure,and lodgepole pine),at two rates of application(2.5%,and 5%),coupled with compost(0%,2.5%and 5%application rates).Two plant species-switchgrass(Panicum virgatum)and buffalograss(Bouteloua dactyloides)-were grown in the amended *** of soils with poultry litter biochar applied at 5%resulted in the greatest reduction of soil bioavailable Cd and ***-ground biomass yields were greatest with beef cattle manure biochar applied at 2.5%with 5%compost,or with 5%biochar at 2.5%and 5%compost *** microbial biomass was achieved with 5%poultry litter biochar and 5%compost,and microbial communities in soils amended with poultry litter biochar distinctly clustered away from all other soil ***,poultry litter biochar amended soils had the highest enzyme activity rates forβ-glucosidase,N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase,and *** results suggest that soil reclamation using biochar and compost can improve mine-impacted soil biogeophysical characteristics,and potentially improve future remediation efforts.

关键词： Biochar Compost Microbial response Mine soil reclamation Plant growth

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Feedstock choice,pyrolysis temperature and type influence biochar characteristics:a comprehensive meta-data analysis review

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Biochar 2020年第4期2卷 421-438页

作者： James A.Ippolito Liqiang Cui Claudia Kammann Nicole Wrage‑Mönnig Jose MEstavillo Teresa Fuertes‑Mendizabal Maria Luz Cayuela Gilbert Sigua Jeff Novak kurt spokas Nils Borchard Department of Soil and Crop Sciences Colorado State UniversityFort Collins 80523USA School of Environmental Science and Engineering Yancheng Institute of Technology9 Yingbin AvenueYancheng 224051China Department of Applied Ecology Geisenheim UniversityVon‑Lade‑Straße 165366 GeisenheimGermany Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Grassland and Fodder SciencesUniversity of RostockJustus‑von‑Liebig‑Weg 618059 RostockGermany Department of Plant Biology and Ecology University of the Basque Country(UPV/EHU)Apdo.64448080 BilbaoSpain Department of Soil and Water Conservation and Waste Management CEBAS-CSICCampus Universitario de Espinardo30100 MurciaSpain United States Department of Agriculture Agriculture Research ServiceCoastal Plains Research Center2611 West Lucas StreetFlorenceSC 29501USA United States Department of Agriculture Agriculture Research ServiceSoil and Water Management Research UnitUniversity of Minnesota439 Borlaug Hall1991 Buford CircleSt.PaulMN 29501USA Natural Resources Institute Finland(Luke) Latokartanonkaari 900790 HelsinkiFinland

Various studies have established that feedstock choice,pyrolysis temperature,and pyrolysis type influence final biochar physicochemical ***,overarching analyses of pre-biochar creation choices and correlations to biochar characteristics are severely ***,the objective of this work was to help researchers,biochar-stakeholders,and practitioners make more well-informed choices in terms of how these three major parameters influence the final biochar *** approximately 5400 peer-reviewed journal articles and over 50,800 individual data points,herein we elucidate the selections that influence final biochar physical and chemical properties,total nutrient content,and perhaps more importantly tools one can use to predict biochar’s nutrient *** on the large dataset collected,it appears that pyrolysis type(fast or slow)plays a minor role in biochar physico-(inorganic)chemical characteristics;few differences were evident between production *** temperature,however,affects biochar’s longevity,with pyrolysis temperatures>500℃ generally leading to longer-term(i.e.,>1000 years)*** pyrolysis temperatures also led to biochars containing greater overall C and specific surface area(SSA),which could promote soil physico-chemical ***,based on the collected data,it appears that feedstock selection has the largest influence on biochar *** surface area is greatest in wood-based biochars,which in combination with pyrolysis temperature could likely promote greater changes in soil physical characteristics over other feedstock-based ***-and other grass-based biochars appear to have cation exchange capacities greater than other biochars,which in combination with pyrolysis temperature could potentially lead to longer-term changes in soil nutrient *** collected data also suggest that one can reasonably predict the availability of various biochar nutrients(e.g.,N,P

关键词： Biochar Total elemental analysis Plant-available elemental analysis Physico-chemical characteristics·Meta-analysis

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