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Phytochemical Analysis,Estimation of Quercetin,and in Vitro Anti-Diabetic Potential of Stevia Leaves Samples Procured from Two Geographical Origins

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2022年第10期91卷 2349-2365页

作者： kuntal das Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin Asdaq M.Saifulla Khan Sravani Singirikonda Abdulhakeem S.Alamri Walaa F.Alsanie Majid Alhomrani Sreeharsha Nagaraja Katharigatta N.Venugopala Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry Krupanidhi College of PharmacyVarthurHobliBengaluru560035India Department of Pharmacy Practice College of PharmacyAlMaarefa UniversityDariyahRiyadh13713Saudi Arabia Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences The Faculty of Applied Medical SciencesTaif UniversityTaif21944Saudi Arabia Centre of Biomedical Sciences Research(CBSR) Deanship of Scientific ResearchTaif UniversityTaif21944Saudi Arabia Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Clinical PharmacyKing Faisal UniversityAl-HofufAl-Ahsa31982Saudi Arabia Department of Pharmaceutics Vidya Siri College of PharmacyBangalore560035India Department of Biotechnology and Food Science Faculty of Applied SciencesDurban University of TechnologyDurban4001South Africa

The current study used RP-HPLC to compare phytochemicals and estimate the bioactive constituents found in Stevia rebaudiana Bert.(SRB)leaves collected from two different geographical sources.SRB leaves were collected from Bangalore,Karnataka,India,and Reduit,Mauritius.Extracts were prepared using ethanol and aqueous solvents.Proximate analysis was used to evaluate moisture content,ash values,crude fibers,and extractive values.Following that,preliminary phytochemical screening was done on both ethanol leaves extracts,and subsequently total flavonoid content was determined.In addition,TLC chromatograms and RP-HPLC studies were performed on both plant extracts to determine the presence of flavonoid components in both leaves extracts,followed by in vitro anti-diabetic activity was performed with alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase enzymes against Acarbose as standard.Results revealed that both the extracts from two different geographical sources varied significantly with the yield,content of chemicals,and presence of quercetin(flavonoid)content when estimated through the RP-HPLC standardized method.Glycosides,flavonoids,proteins,steroids,saponins,terpenoids,and phenols were found in various concentrations during phytochemical screening.Among both zones,the ethanol leaves extract of SRB taken from Mauritius had a greater content of phytochemicals and a higher yield than other extracts due to the soil nature.The Mauritius sample had greater total flavonoid levels as well as more quercetin(0.92±0.011)than the other extracts.Following that,ethanol extract inhibited enzymes(alpha amylase,alpha glucosidases)more than aqueous extract,and this inhibition was dose dependent.Among them,the Mauritius ethanol sample showed higher anti-diabetic efficacy than the Indian sample,but this difference was not significant.Overall,SRB ethanol leaves extracts outperformed other leaves extracts in terms of yield,phytoconstituents,and total flavonoids.Overall,both SRB samples had high quercetin levels and possessed anti-diabetic potential

关键词： Antidiabetic activity Stevia rebaudiana phytochemicals proximate analysis TLC RP-HPLC

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The curative effect of fucoidan on visceral leishmaniasis is mediated by activation of MAP kinases through specific protein kinase C isoforms

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2014年第3期11卷 263-274页

作者： Gunjan Sharma Susanta Kar Writoban Basu Ball kuntal Ghosh Pijush K das nfectious Diseases and Immunology Division CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology Kolkata India Department of Biochemistry Calcutta University Kolkata India

Fucoidan can cure both antimony-sensitive and antimony-resistant visceral leishmaniasis through immune activation. However, the signaling events underlying this cellular response remain uncharacterized. The present study reveals that fucoidan induces activation of p38 and ERKI/2 and NF-κB DNA binding in both normal and Leishmania donovani.infected macrophages, as revealed by western blotting and electrophoretic mobility shift assay （EMSA）, respectively. Pharmacological inhibition of p38, ERKI/2 or the NF-κB pathway markedly attenuated fucoidan-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine synthesis and inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS） gene transcription, resulting in a reduction of parasite clearance. To decipher the underlying mechanism of fucoidan-mediated parasite suppression, the expression and functionality of various protein kinase C （PKC） isoforms were evaluated by immunoblotting and enzyme activity assay. Fucoidan elicited an increase in expression and activity of PKC-α, -β1 and -βⅡ isoforms in infected macrophages. Functional knockdown of PKC-α and -β resulted in downregulation of p38 and ERKI/2, along with a marked reduction of IL-12 and TNF-α production in fucoidan-treated infected macrophages. Collectively, these results suggest that the curative effect of fucoidan is mediated by PKC-dependent activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK）/NF-κB pathway, which ultimately results in the production of nitric oxide （NO） and disease-resolving pro-inflammatory cytokines.

关键词： fucoidan MAPK NF-κB PKC visceral leishmaniasis

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Interacting system NGC 7805/6(Arp 112)and its tidal dwarf galaxy candidate

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2021年第2期21卷 149-156页

作者： Zhen-Xing Fu Chandreyee Sengupta Ramya Sethuram Bikram Pradhan Mridweeka Singh kuntal Misra TomCScott Yin-Zhe Ma Purple Mountain Observatory(CAS) Nanjing 210034China School of Astronomy and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Indian Institute of Astrophysics KoramangalaBangalore 560034India Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences Manora PeakNainital 263001India Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute 776 Daedeokdae-roYuseong-guDaejeon 34055Republic of Korea Institute of Astrophysics and Space Sciences(IA) Rua das Estrelas4150-762 PortoPortugal School of Chemistry and Physics University of KwaZulu-NatalWestville CampusPrivate Bag X54001Durban4000South Africa NAOC-UKZN Computational Astrophysics Centre(NUCAC) University of KwaZulu-NatalDurban4000South Africa

We present results from our Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope(GMRT)HⅠ,Himalayan Chandra Telescope(HCT)Hα,1 m Sampurnanand Telescope(ST)and 1.3 m Devasthal Fast Optical Telescope(DFOT)deep optical observations of the NGC 7805/6(Arp 112)system to test KUG 2359+311’s tidal dwarf galaxy(TDG)candidacy and explore the properties of the interacting system.Our GMRT HⅠmap shows no HⅠdetection associated with KUG 2359+311,nor any HⅠtail or bridge-like structure connecting KUG 2359+311 to the NGC 7805/6 system.Our HCT Hαimage,on the other hand,displays strong detections in KUG 2359+311,with net SFR0.035±0.009 M_(⊙)yr^(-1).The Hαdata constrain the redshift of KUG 2359+311 to 0.00≤z≤0.043,compared to the redshift of NGC 7806 of0.015.TDGs detected to date have all been HⅠrich,and displayed HⅠ,ionised gas and stellar tidal debris trails(bridges or tails)linking them to their parent systems.However,neither our HⅠdata nor our optical imaging,while three magnitudes deeper than SDSS,reveals a tidal trail connecting KUG 2359+311 to NGC 7805/6.Lack of HⅠ,presence of an old stellar population,ongoing star formation and reasonably high SFR compared to normal dwarf galaxies suggest that KUG 2359+311 may not be an Arp 112 TDG.It is most likely a case of a regular gas-rich dwarf galaxy undergoing a morphological transformation after having lost its entire gas content to an interaction with the Arp 112 system.Redshift and metallicity from future spectroscopic observations of KUG 2359+311 would help clarify the nature of this enigmatic structure.

关键词： galaxies dwarf-galaxies interactions-galaxies spiral-galaxies star formation-galaxies peculiar-radio lines galaxies

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