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Physiological and biochemical characteristics associated with leaf retention in mulberry (<i>Morus</i>spp.)

Open Journal of Genetics 2011年第3期1卷 27-33页

作者： Subramaniam Gandhi Doss Shyama Prasad Chakraborti Soumen Chattopadhyay Nirvan Kumar Das Partha Dev Ghosh kunjupillai vijayan 不详

Mulberry leaf production plays a key role in the sustainability of silk industry as the silkworm Bom-byx mori can not survive on any other leaf. In fact, silkworm merely acts as an instrument to convert mulberry leaf proteins into the silk proteins. In India, West Bengal is the second highest silk producing state but with varied climatic conditions and suffers to a great extent from non-availability of adequate quantity of quality leaf during the colder months. Delayed sprouting, slow growth rate and higher leaf fall are the major factors contributing this leaf scarcity. To overcome these problems, nine mulberry genotypes, developed through systematic breeding, were tested against the current popular variety for 3 consecutive years taking into account of their performance during the colder months. Annual leaf yield was highest in CT-44 (48 mt/ha/ year) followed by CT-11 (44 mt/ha/year). Leaf senescence was least in CT-44 (9.8%) followed by CT-11 (16.8%) while the check variety showed 20% leaf senescence. Significantly higher values were observed for net photosynthetic rate (Pn) (14.83 μ mol. m-2·s-1);physiological water use efficiency (pWUE) (1.16 8 mol CO2, mol–1 H2O);total soluble protein (TSP) (27.87 mg·g–1·fw);total soluble sugar (TSS) (39.74 mg·g–1 fw);nitrate reductase activity (NRA) (17.78 8 mol. NO2·g–1·fw·h–1) in CT-44. Correlations of these physiological and biochemical characters with leaf yield and leaf senescence (%) revealed highly significant positive correlations of leaf yield with Pn (0.536), TSP (0.674), NRA (0.610), pWUE (0.433), LAI (0.776) and negative correlations with leaf senescence (–0.239). TSS (0.292) and TSP (0.780) had positive association with NRA. Leaf senescence (%) had significant negative association with Pn (–0.755), TSP (–0.462), NRA (–0.438) and pWUE (–0.359). Path coefficient analysis revealed the direct effect of Pn (0.218), TSP (0.449) and LAI (0.730) on leaf yield. The study, therefore, indicated the possibility of using Pn,

关键词： Cold Tolerance Leaf Senescence Mulberry Photosynthetic Rate LAI

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Variability, heritability and genetic advance in mulberry (<i>Morus</i>spp.) for growth and yield attributes

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Agricultural Sciences 2012年第2期3卷 208-213页

作者： Subramaniam Gandhi Doss Shyama Prasad Chakraborti Sukhen Roychowdhuri Nirvan Kumar Das kunjupillai vijayan Partha Dev Ghosh Mala V. Rajan Syed Mashayak Hussaini Qadri Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute Berhampore India Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute Mysore India Central Silk Board BTM Layout Bangalore India Department of Botany University of Kalyani Kalyani India Research Extension Center Nabagram India

Genetic improvement of crop plants is brought about by manipulating the genetic makeup through systematic breeding techniques or by employing modern biotechnological tools. Application of systematic breeding technique to a large extent is decided by the knowledge on the genetic control of the traits. Keeping this in view, nine mulberry genotypes were evaluated for different growth and yield attributing traits viz., number of tillers (NT), plant height (PH), total shoot length (TSL), nodal distance (ND), leaf fall % (LF), number of leaves/plant (NLP), weight of 100 fresh leaves (WFL), weight of 100 dry leaves (WDL), single leaf area (LA), leaf area index (LAI), aboveground biomass (AGB), leaf harvest index (LHI) and leaf yield (LY) and estimated the magnitude of genotypic and phenotypic variation, heritability, genetic advance and correlation coefficients. The broad sense heritability for these traits ranged from 63.942 (WFL) to 13.261 (PH). High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was recorded for the characters WFL, LF, LA, WDL and LY suggesting the higher genetic control over these traits. Leaf yield showed significantly positive phenotypic and genotypic correlations with all other growth traits except PH and LF. Leaf fall had significant negative correlations with all the highly heritable yield attributes viz., ND (-0.379), WDL (-0.225), LA (-0.346), LAI (-0.233) at 1% level and AGB (-0.148), LHI (-0.122) and LY (-0.146) at 5% level. Likewise, it showed positive correlations with TSL (0.558), NLP (0.264) and PH (0.221). Since mulberry is mainly cultivated for leaf yield, genotypes having higher WFL, LA, WDL and LY and less LF must be given importance during parent selection to evolve high yielding varieties with less leaf fall across different seasons in mulberry.

关键词： Variability Heritability Genetic Advance Yield Attributes Low Leaf Senescence

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