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Current Zoology 2010年第2期56卷 209-212页

作者： kunio watanabe Primate Research Institute Kyoto University

Hand preference of wild moor monkeys Macaca maurus was investigated in food reaching situations at the Karaenta Nature Reserve, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The frequency picking up sweet-corn grains to take into the mouth by either hand of monkeys was counted directly at the feeding ground where sweet-corn grains were scattered for monkeys. Among the 20 monkeys examined, 8 were right-handed, 8 were left-handed, and 4 were ambilateral. The results indicated the prevailed hand preference on individual level but not either trends of left- or right-hand preference on population level. The trend toward a higher proportion of left-handed monkeys found in Japanese and rhesus monkeys was not found. Some other characteristics found in moor monkeys are discussed in comparison with those previous findings in Japanese and Tibetan macaques in order to evaluate variations within the genus Macaca

关键词： Moor macaque Macaca maurus Handedness Laterality Sulawesi

Early development of peer dominance relationships in a captive group of Japanese macaques Macaca fuscata

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Current Zoology 2010年第2期56卷 190-197页

作者： RIZALDI kunio watanabe Primate Research Institute Kyoto University Department of Biology Faculty of Sciences Andalas University

We studied early development of peer dominance relationships in a captive group of Japanese macaques Macaca fuscata fuscata at the Primate Research Institute of Kyoto University. This study aims to give detailed descriptions on characteristic patterns of maternal rank acquisition from infant to juvenile. Focal subjects were 22 young monkeys belonging to three cohorts born in 2002, 2003 and 2005. Data were collected with a total 2130 sessions of 30-minute continuous recording of focal subjects combined with all occurrence-sampling methods. The onset of aggressive behavior varied per cohort and was delayed in cohorts with fewer close-aged associates. More than 60% of dyadic combinations in agonistic interactions between peers were unidirectional throughout the study period. Although some bidirectional interactions could have involved unstable relationships between particular individuals, most of the bidirectional interactions included a few continuous series of alternating one-sided interactions. A linear order could be found among peers from the first appearance of aggressive behavior, and nearly 90% of those dyads were concordant with that of their mother＇s rank order. Young males were responsible for most of the dominance relations that would not be predicted based on their mother＇s rank. These results suggest that infant monkeys may recognize their own social status relative to their opponent＇s before onset of aggressive behavior and adjust themselves into the matrilineal rank system accordingly.

关键词： Aggressive behavior Dominance relationship Early development Japanese macaque

Male attacks on infants and infant death during male takeovers in wild white-headed langurs(Trachypithecus leucocephalus)

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Integrative Zoology 2013年第4期8卷 365-377页

作者： Lijie YIN Tong JIN kunio watanabe Dagong QIN Dezhi WANG Wenshi PAN Center for Nature and Society School of Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijingChina Chongzuo Biodiversity Research Institute Peking UniversityChongzuoGuangxiChina Primate Research Institute Kyoto UniversityJapan The Nature Conservancy China ProgramKunmingYunnanChina

Infanticide was first observed in langurs nearly 50 years ago,and this rare phenomenon has been inferred to have either an evolutionarily adaptive function or to be a pathological and non-functional *** this study,we report 5 male takeover events in one-male groups of white-headed langurs in the Nongguan Karst Hills,Guangxi,China from 1998 to *** recorded 13 attacks on 9 infants by extra-group males or new resident *** the male takeovers,all of the infants younger than 6 months(with an average age of 3.6 months[N=11])in the groups *** infant death rate during the 4.2 months after takeover by a new male was significantly higher than the infant death rate calculated for most of the *** infants that were still nursing(with an average age of 14.1 months[N=7])were often attacked and seriously wounded by the extra-group males or new resident males,but all of them *** interbirth intervals of females whose infants were assumed to be killed by males were significantly reduced relative to those of females in groups with stable male tenure(mean=10 months vs 25 months).Our data suggest that males kill unrelated and unweaned infants during the takeover period to decrease the time until the infants’mothers resume ***,infanticide would support sexual selection theory in white-headed *** data also show that infanticidal behavior was directed toward the infants,especially those who were still *** dispersal may function as a counter-strategy to avoid infanticide.

关键词： infanticide male takeover sexual selection hypothesis Trachypithecus leucocephalus whiteheaded langur

The analysis of heat and water fluxes in frozen silty soil

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2019年第1期11卷 21-28页

作者： DaHu Rui Ming Lu kunio watanabe Jun Zhang School of Civil Engineering Henan Polytechnic University State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Graduate School of Bioresources Mie University University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

In this paper, based on the basic equations of water flow and heat transfer, the hydrothermal coupling model is *** numerical model was realized in COMSOL Multiphysics software, and simulation results are compared with the experimental results of watanabe and Wake(2008) to verify the effectiveness of the model. Through the calculation, we can obtain the dynamic changes of heat and water fluxes, thermal and hydrological properties, matric potential and temperature gradient in unsaturated freezing soil; and these variables are unmeasurable in practice.

关键词： unsaturated freezing soil hydrothermal coupling heat and water fluxes COMSOL

Variation in intergroup encounters among two provisioned free-ranging populations of Japanese macaques Macaca fuscata

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Current Zoology 2012年第4期58卷 517-524页

作者： Peng ZHANG kunio watanabe Anthropology Department Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou510275China Primate Research Institute Kyoto UniversityJapan

Typically, Japanese macaques are thought to avoid encountering other groups wherever possible. Intergroup relations between macaques on Shodoshima Island, however, appear exceptional. We show that neighboring groups of Shodoshima mon-keys spent 32.8% of their active time in proximity to （〈100 m） and even foraged simultaneously at the same provisioning site with another group. The average duration and rate of intergroup encounters at Shodoshima （59.8 rain, 0.33 times/hour, n=269） were approximately ten times longer and 16.5 times more frequent than those at Jigokudani （6.1 rain, 0.02 times/hour, n--14）. Since both populations have similar provisioning and ecological conditions, such variation cannot be explained by the socioecol- ogy model alone. Compared with other populations of Japanese macaques, intergroup relations of Shodoshima monkeys are also characterized by more frequent neutral encounters, less frequent agonistic encounters, more frequent unsuccessful displacement, a lower intensity of aggression, and more frequent counter-aggression between groups. These characteristics suggest that intergroup relationships on Shodoshima Island are more tolerant than those in other Japanese macaque populations. This study reveals con- siderable differences in intergroup encounters within local populations of Japanese macaques living in similar environments, and emphasizes the role of social factors in such intra-specific variation [Current Zoology 58 （4）： 517-524, 2012].

关键词： Intergroup encounter Macacafuscata Intra-specific variation Tolerance

Foraging Behavior and Ecology of Francois Langur （Trachypithecus francoisi） in Guangxi, China

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Foraging Behavior and Ecology of Francois Langur （Trachypit...

Sexual Interference in the Golden Snub-Nosed Monkey(Rhinopithecus roxellana):a Test of the Sexual Competition Hypothesis in a Polygynous Species

中国动物学会兽类学分会第六届会员代表大会暨学术讨论会

作者： kunio watanabe Osamu Takenaka Primate Research Institute Kyoto University Inuyama 484-8506 Japan Primate Research Institute Kyoto University Inuyama 484-8506 Japan

＜正＞（Purpose） As one of the few primates special inhabiting in limestone hills, francois langur distributes in northern Vietnam and the provinces of Guangxi, Guizhou and Chongqing of southern China. Total population was estimated to be 2000～3500 individuals recently. Conducting a study on foraging behavior and ecology of francois langur will help us to better understand how the francois langur selects the food, and which factors influence its food selection strategy.

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Sexual Interference in the Golden Snub-Nosed Monkey(Rhinopit...

Eurasian blackbird predated by wild Rhinopithecus roxellana in the Qinling Mountains,China

第七届全国野生动物生态与资源保护学术研讨会

作者： Paul A.GARBER kunio watanabe School of Life Sciences Northwest University

Sexual interference which is defined as any disturbance directed to a mating pair by other individuals,has been reported in several primate *** is widely suggested that successful harassers experience improved mating success by increasing their access to reproductive partners as well as by reducing the mating success of rivals. Although theories of primate sexual conflict highlight male intra-sexual mating competition,females also are reported to actively disrupt copulations between mating *** the present study,we investigated sexual interference(SI)in a multilevel troop of Golden snub-nosed monkeys(Rhinopithecus roxellana)inhabiting the Qinling Mountains,*** observations of 11 one-male units(OMU)that comprised the multilevel troop were conducted from September 2007 to May *** this period 17.1%of 652 documented intra-OMU sexual encounters were characterized either by mild or aggressive forms of *** harassment was typically performed by a single individual(91.9%),and in 75.7%of cases the harasser was an adult or sub-adult female. The frequency of female harassment was positively correlated with the number of adult and sub-adult females residing in an OMU,and resulted in a significant decrease in matings ending in *** found that the amount of sexual interference a female received was not a significant predictor of her reproductive ***,females who conceived during the mating season directed higher levels of harassment at other females then females who did not *** evaluate the strength of the sexual competition hypothesis and the hormonally modulated aggression hypothesis in explaining patterns of sexual interference in female Golden snub-nosed monkeys.

关键词： Rhinopithecus roxellana sexual interference female mating competition hormonally modulated aggression

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Integrative Zoology 2008年第3期3卷 176-179页

作者： Dapeng ZHAO Xiaowei WANG kunio watanabe Baoguo LI College of Life Sciences Northwest UniversityXi’anChina Primate Research Institute Kyoto UniversityAichiJapan

Although there are some reports that have described primates eating animals,it is unknown whether predation on vertebrates exists in herbivorous leaf-eating *** have witnessed firsthand wild Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys(Rhinopithecus roxellana)preying on and consuming Eurasian blackbirds(Turdus merula)in the Qinling Mountains of *** event suggests that ***,which has previously been described as a herbivorous leaf-eating primate,may be partially carnivorous and the correct classification of this species would be ***,food-share behavior among higher-ranked members occurs in a one-male unit when vertebrate prey is hunted by this species.

关键词： bird predation food choice food sharing Rhinopithecus roxellana Turdus merula.

日本‘猴灾’的形成与管理策略的研究进展——对中国的启迪

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兽类学报 2009年第1期29卷 86-95页

作者：张鹏渡边邦夫 Primate Research Institute Kyoto University

日本是分布有野生灵长类动物的发达国家,面临着与中国相似的猴灾威胁。借鉴日本对猴灾管理方面的技术和研究,有利于推动中国在相关领域的研究和提高野生动物管理水平。为此本文简述了日本猴灾出现的经纬,分析了猴灾出现的环境、社会背景... 详细信息

日本是分布有野生灵长类动物的发达国家,面临着与中国相似的猴灾威胁。借鉴日本对猴灾管理方面的技术和研究,有利于推动中国在相关领域的研究和提高野生动物管理水平。为此本文简述了日本猴灾出现的经纬,分析了猴灾出现的环境、社会背景,并介绍了日本在猴灾防除技术和管理策略方面的研究进展。猴灾防除技术可以分为设置物理壁障和心理壁障两大部分:设置物理壁障包括利用电网、围网等方式防止猴群进入农田,设置心理壁障包括利用爆音器、爆竹、狗、超声波、味嗅觉厌恶等方式防止猴群进入农田。另外利用改变土地利用、人工避孕和捕捉猴群的方式也可以减少猴灾发生。文中详细分析了这些防除技术的优缺点和在应用时需要注意的问题。在猴灾管理方面,作者提出了理论层面的管理模式和行政层面的管理方式,并建议加强人与野生动物共存的管理方式。

关键词：日本猕猴猴灾灵长类动物行为野生动物管理

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非人灵长类饲养与管理过程中的福利保障

Zoological Research 2007年第4期28卷 448-456页

作者：张鹏渡边邦夫京都大学灵长类研究所

实验动物饲养管理和福利保障的问题已越来越被国际社会所关注。与发达国家相比,中国对实验动物福利的研究及大众化意识则相对滞后。中国作为世界上最大的实验灵长类动物的饲养与出口国,每年遭受的国际贸易损失始终位居全球首位。为此,... 详细信息

实验动物饲养管理和福利保障的问题已越来越被国际社会所关注。与发达国家相比,中国对实验动物福利的研究及大众化意识则相对滞后。中国作为世界上最大的实验灵长类动物的饲养与出口国,每年遭受的国际贸易损失始终位居全球首位。为此,本文引入了实验灵长类福利的"5个自由"理论:1)动物有避免干渴、饥饿和营养不良等不利因素影响的自由;2)动物有获得舒适生活条件的自由;3)动物有脱离痛苦、受伤和疾病骚扰的自由;4)动物有表达自然行为的自由;5)动物有脱离恐惧和心理压力的自由。在上述理论的基础上,提高实验动物福利应具体从饲养的物理环境、营养供给、饲养管理、繁殖管理及饲养环境的多样性等几方面着手。通过总结国际与此相关的研究进展,旨为中国相关研究提供素材和为完善国内现行的法规及标准提出一些思路。

关键词：非人灵长类饲养管理福利保障 “5个自由”理论