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Implications of future climate change on crop and irrigation water requirements in a semi-arid river basin using CMIP6 GCMs

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Journal of Arid Land 2022年第11期14卷 1234-1257页

作者： kunal KArAN Dharmaveer SINGH Pushpendra K SINGH Birendra BHArATI Tarun P SINGH ronny BErNDTSSON Department of Water Engineering and Management Central University of JharkhandBrambeRanchi 835205India Symbiosis Institute of Geo-informatics Symbiosis International(Deemed University)Pune 411016India Water resources Systems Division National Institute of HydrologyRoorkee 247667India Division of Water resources Engineering&Centre for Advanced Middle Eastern Studies Lund UniversityLund Box 11722100Sweden

Agriculture faces risks due to increasing stress from climate change,particularly in semi-arid *** of understanding of crop water requirement(CWr)and irrigation water requirement(IWr)in a changing climate may result in crop failure and socioeconomic problems that can become detrimental to agriculture-based economies in emerging nations *** research in CWr and IWr has largely focused on large river basins and scenarios from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 3(CMIP3)and Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5(CMIP5)to account for the impacts of climate change on *** basins,however,are more susceptible to regional climate change,with more significant impacts on *** study estimates CWrs and IWrs for five crops(sugarcane,wheat,cotton,sorghum,and soybean)in the Pravara river Basin(area of 6537 km^(2))of India using outputs from the most recent Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6(CMIP6)General Circulation Models(GCMs)under Shared Socio-economic Pathway(SSP)245 and SSP585 *** increase in mean annual rainfall is projected under both scenarios in the 2050s and 2080s using ten selected CMIP6 *** for all crops may decline in almost all of the CMIP6 GCMs in the 2050s and 2080s(with the exceptions of ACCESS-CM-2 and ACCESS-ESM-1.5)under SSP245 and SSP585 *** availability of increasing soil moisture in the root zone due to increasing rainfall and a decrease in the projected maximum temperature may be responsible for this decline in ***,except for soybean and cotton,the projected IWrs for all other three crops under SSP245 and SSP585 scenarios show a decrease or a small increase in the 2050s and 2080s in most CMIP6 *** findings are important for agricultural researchers and water resource managers to implement long-term crop planning techniques and to reduce the negative impacts of climate change and associated rainfall variability to avert crop failure and agricultural

关键词： climate change crop water requirement irrigation water requirement CMIP6 GCMs emission scenario Pravara river Basin

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Impact of intrarectal chromofungin treatment on dendritic cellsrelated markers in different immune compartments in colonic inflammatory conditions

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第47期27卷 8138-8155页

作者： kunal Kapoor Nour Eissa Diane Tshikudi Charles N Bernstein Jean-Eric Ghia Department of Immunology University of ManitobaWinnipeg R3E0T5MBCanada Children's Hospital research Institute of Manitoba University of ManitobaWinnipeg R3E0T5MBCanada Section of Gastroenterology Department of Internal MedicineRady Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of ManitobaWinnipeg R3E0T5MBCanada University of Manitoba IBD Clinical and research Centre University of ManitobaWinnipeg R3E0T5MBCanada

BACKGrOUND Chromofungin(CHr:chromogranin-A 47-66)is a chromogranin-A derived peptide with anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial *** colitis(UC)is characterized by a colonic decrease of CHr and a dysregulation of dendritic CD11c+*** To investigate the association between CHr treatment and dendritic cells(DCs)-related markers in different immune compartments in *** A model of acute UC-like colitis using dextran sulphate sodium(DSS)was used in addition to biopsies collected from UC *** Intrarectal CHr treatment reduced the severity of DSS-induced colitis and was associated with a significant decrease in the expression of CD11c,CD40,CD80,CD86 and interleukin(IL)-12p40 in the inflamed colonic mucosa and CD11c,CD80,CD86 IL-6 and IL-12p40 within the mesenteric lymph nodes and the ***,CHr treatment decreased CD80 and CD86 expression markers of splenic CD11c+cells and decreased NF-κB expression in the colon and of splenic CD11c+*** vitro,CHr decreased CD40,CD80,CD86 IL-6 and IL-12p40 expression in naïve bone marrow-derived CD11c+DCs stimulated with *** studies demonstrated an impact of CHr on the NF-κB *** patients with active UC,CHr level was reduced and showed a negative linear relationship with CD11c and *** CHr has protective properties against intestinal inflammation via the regulation of DC-related markers and CD11c+*** could be a potential therapy of UC.

关键词： Chromofungin Chromogranin-A Colitis Cytokines Dendritic cells Gut hormones

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High-confidence software evolution

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2016年第7期59卷 94-112页

作者： Qing GAO Jun LI Yingfei XIONG Dan HAO Xusheng XIAO kunal TANEJA Lu ZHANG Tao XIE Key Laboratory of High Confidence Software Technologies Mo E Institute of Software School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science Peking University NEC Laboratories America Inc. 3. Accenture Technology Labs 4. Department of Computer Science University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Software continues to evolve due to changing requirements, platforms and other environmental pressures. Modern software is dependent on frameworks, and if the frameworks evolve, the software has to evolve as well. On the other hand, the software may be changed due to changing requirements. Therefore, in high-confidence software evolution, we must consider both framework evolution and client evolution, each of which may incur faults and reduce software quality. In this article, we present a set of approaches to address some problems in high-confidence software evolution. In particular, to support framework evolution, we propose a history-based matching approach to identify a set of transformation rules between different APIs, and a transformation language to support automatic transformation. To support client evolution for high-confidence software, we propose a path-exploration-based approach to generate tests efficiently by pruning paths irrelevant to changes between versions, several coverage-based approaches to optimize test execution, and approaches to locate faults and fix memory leaks automatically. These approaches facilitate high-confidence software evolution from various aspects.

关键词： software evolution high confidence software quality software development program analysis

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Enhancing the Faradaic efficiency of solid oxide electrolysis cells: progress and perspective

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 803-816页

作者： Prashik S.Gaikwad kunal Mondal Yun Kyung Shin Adri C.T.van Duin Gorakh Pawar Department of Material Science and Manufacturing Engineering Idaho National LaboratoryIdaho FallsID 83415USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA

To reduce global warming,many countries are shifting to sustainable energy production *** oxide electrolysis cells(SOECs)are being considered due to their high hydrogen generation ***,low faradaic efficiency in scaling SOEC technology affects costs and limits large-scale adoption of hydrogen as *** review covers SOECs’critical aspects:current state-of-the-art anode,cathode,and electrolyte materials,operational and materials parameters affecting faradaic efficiency,and computational modeling techniques to resolve bottlenecks affecting SOEC faradaic efficiency.

关键词： shifting electrolyte solid

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Addressing the MSICS learning curve: identification of instrument-holding techniques used by experienced surgeons

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2021年第5期14卷 693-699页

作者： Alexandra J.Berges Zervin r.Baam Angela Zhu Shameema Sikder Samuel Yiu ravilla D.ravindran kunal S.Parikh Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine BaltimoreMD 21287USA Aravind Eye Hospital MaduraiTamil Nadu 625001India Wilmer Eye Institute BaltimoreMD 21287USA Center for Nanomedicine BaltimoreMD 21231USA Department of Biomedical Engineering BaltimoreMD 21218USA Center for Bioengineering Innovation&Design BaltimoreMD 21218USA

AIM: To identify instrument holding archetypes used by experienced surgeons in order to develop a universal language and set of validated techniques that can be utilized in manual small incision cataract surgery(MSICS) curricula. METHODS: Experienced cataract surgeons performed five MSICS steps(scleral incision, scleral tunnel, side port, corneal tunnel, and capsulorhexis) in a wet lab to record surgeon hand positions. Images and videos were taken during each step to identify validated hand position ***: For each MSICS step, one or two major archetypes and key modifying variables were observed, including tripod for scleral incision, tripod-thumb bottom for scleral tunnel, underhand-index to thumb grip for side port, index-contact tripod for corneal entry, and tripodforceps for capsulorhexis. Key differences were noted in thumb placement and number of fingers supporting the instrument, and modifying variables included index finger curvature and amount of ***: Identification of optimal hand positions and development of a formal nomenclature has the potential to help trainees adopt hand positions in an informed manner, influence instrument design, and improve surgical outcomes.

关键词： cataract manual small incision cataract surgery instrument holding training learning curve

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Effects of solid-state fermentation using r. oligosporus on the phytochemical composition of wild-simulated ginseng leaf and its biological properties

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Food Bioscience 2023年第2期52卷 532-540页

作者： Juho Lim Hayeong Kim Sung Bae Park kunal Pal Seung Wook Kim Doman Kim Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology Seoul National UniversityGangwon-do25354Republic of Korea Institute of Food Industrialization Institutes of Green Bioscience and TechnologySeoul National UniversityGangwon-do25354Republic of Korea Biseondong Wild Ginseng Company Hongcheon-gunGangwon-do25162Republic of Korea Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering National Institute of TechnologyRourkela769008India Ottogi Corporation Anyang-siGyeonggi-do14060Republic of Korea Fervere Campus Corporation Gangwon-do25354Republic of Korea

Wild-simulated ginseng(WSG)grown in the mountains without specific facilities is widely used as functional foods in Asian countries due to its bioactive compounds,such as ***,long-time cultivation,lower survival rate,and small size of WSG limit its use in the food *** this study,WSG leaves,which can be harvested annually,were fermented using *** for 0-10 *** phytochemical compounds of fermented WSG leaves,including squalene,phenols,saponins,and most ginsenosides(except for rb1),were increased.L-carnitine was newly synthesized in WSG leaves,with a content of 165.1μg/g measured after 10 days of ***,the minor ginsenosides rg2,rg3,rh1,F1,F2,and CK increased by 1.32-,1.58-,1.42-,1.91-,1.49-,and 4.43-fold compared to non-fermented WSG *** highest antioxidant activities,as measured by FrAP and OrAC assays of WSG leaves,were obtained after 3 days of ***,the suppression of NO release in LPS-stimulated rAW264.7 cells and lipid accumulation in mouse 3T3-L1 cells of fermented WSG leaves was greater than in WSG *** these results,fermented WSG leaves have potential applications as functional materials in the food industry.

关键词： Wild-simulated ginseng leaf L-carnitine Solid-state fermentation r.oligosporus Ginsenosides Anti-inflammation Anti-lipid accumulation

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Endothelial keratoplasty combined with scleral fixation intraocular lens

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2021年第1期14卷 163-166页

作者： Mariantonia Ferrara Danilo Iannetta Luca Pagano kunal A Gadhvi Vito romano Newcastle Eye Centre Royal Victoria InfirmaryNewcastle upon Tyne NE14LPUnited Kingdom Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova Reggio Emilia 42123Italy Department of Corneal and External Eye Diseases St Paul’s Eye UnitRoyal Liverpool University HospitalLiverpool L78XPUnited Kingdom Department of Biomedical Science Humanitas UniversityPieve Emanuele-Milano 20090Italy Department of Eye and Vision Science University of LiverpoolLiverpool L78TXUnited Kingdom

Dear Editor,We describe,for the first time,the surgical management of two aphakic patients with corneal decompensation treated with concomitant ultrathin-Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty(UT-DSAEK)and implantation of two different scleral-fixated(SF)intraocular lenses(IOLs),namely sutureless SF(SSF)Carlevale IOL(Soleko,Italy;Figure 1)or Morcher Type 90 L IOL(Morcher Gmb H,Germany;Figure 2).

关键词： Figure stripping implantation

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Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of a recombinant hepatitis B vaccine in subjects over age of forty years and response of a booster dose among nonresponders

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2003年第5期9卷 1132-1134页

作者： kunal Das r.K.Gupta V.Kumar P.Kar Department of Medicine Maulana Azad Medical College & L.N.HospitalNew Delhi.Medical AdvisorPanacea Biotec Co.New Delhi

AIM:The study was initiated to evaluate the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of a recombinant hepatitis B vaccine in age group >40 years and to study the response of a single booster dose in primary non-responders to the hepatitis B vaccination. METHODS:A total of 102 volunteers without markers of hepatitis B infection (negative for HBsAg,anti-HBc antibody, HBeAg and anti-HBs antibody) received 20μg of recombinant HB vaccine intramuscularly at 0,1,and 6 *** HBs titers were evaluated by a quantitative Elisa kit at 90 and 210 days.A booster dose of 20μg HB vaccine was given after 6 months of the 3^(rd) vaccine dose to the 15 non- responders and anti-HBs titers were measured after i month. rESULTS:Seroprotection (anti-HBs GMT^3 10 IU/L) was achieved in 85.3 % (87/102) *** mean GMT titers of the vaccine responders was 136.1 IU/*** the seroprotected individuals,there were 32.4% (33/102) hyporesponders (anti- HBs titers re responders (anti-HBs titers >100 IU/L).All the non-responders (15/15) responded to a single dose of the booster dose of recombinant HB vaccine and their mean anti-HBs antibody titers were more than 100.5 mIU/ml after the booster dose. CONCLUSION:recombinant hepatitis B vaccine offers good seroprotection in the age group >40 years and has a good safety profile.A single booster dose after 6 months in primary non-responders leads to good seroprotective anti-HBs antibody ***,larger population based studies are needed to evaluate the role of a booster dose in selected group of non-responders and whether such an approach will be cost effective.

关键词： Adult Age Factors Aged Female Hepatitis B Antibodies Hepatitis B Vaccines dosage Humans Immunization, Secondary Male Middle Aged Safety Vaccines, Synthetic

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Molecular imaging as a tool for evaluation of COVID-19 sequelae-A review of literature

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World Journal of radiology 2022年第7期14卷 194-208页

作者： kunal r Chandekar Swayamjeet Satapathy Harmandeep Singh Anish Bhattacharya Department of Nuclear Medicine Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarh 160012India

Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is caused by the novel viral pathogen,severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SArS-CoV-2).COVID-19 primarily involves the *** acid testing based on reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction of respiratory samples is the current gold standard for the diagnosis of SArS-CoV-2 *** modalities have an established role in triaging,diagnosis,evaluation of disease severity,monitoring disease progression,extra-pulmonary involvement,and *** our understanding of the disease improves,there has been substantial evidence to highlight its potential for multi-systemic involvement and development of longterm *** imaging techniques are highly sensitive,allowing noninvasive visualization of physiological or pathological processes at a cellular or molecular level with potential for detection of functional changes earlier than conventional radiological *** purpose of this review article is to highlight the evolving role of molecular imaging in evaluation of COVID-19 *** not ideal for diagnosis,the various modalities of molecular imaging play an important role in assessing pulmonary and extra-pulmonary sequelae of *** imaging using single photon emission computed tomography fused with computed tomography(CT)can be utilized as a first-line imaging modality for COVID-19 related pulmonary embolism.^(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography(PET)/CT is a sensitive tool to detect multi-systemic inflammation,including myocardial and vascular *** in conjunction with magnetic resonance imaging helps in better characterization of neurological sequelae of *** the fact that the majority of published literature is retrospective in nature with limited sample sizes,it is clear that molecular imaging provides additional valuable information(complimentary to anatomical imaging)with semi-quantitative or quantitative parameters to define

关键词： Molecular imaging Nuclear medicine Functional imaging COVID-19 SArS-CoV-2 Sequelae

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Widespread haploid-biased gene expression enables sperm-level natural selection

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四川生理科学杂志 2021年第1期43卷 27-27页

作者： kunal Bhutani Ohana Biosciences Cambridge MA USA. Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases Center for Cancer Research Department of Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard Cambridge MA USA.

Sperm are haploid,but must be functionally equivalent to distribute alleles equally among ***,gene products are shared through spermatid cytoplasmic bridges which erase phenotypic differences between individual haploid ***,we show that a large class of mammalian genes are not completely shared across these *** term these genes"genoinformative markers"(GIMs)and show that a subset can act as selfish genetic elements that spread alleles unevenly through murine,bovine,and human *** identify evolutionary pressure to avoid conflict between sperm and somatic function as GIMs are enriched for testis-specific gene expression,paralogs,and isoforms.

关键词： bridges enable distribute

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