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Hierarchical palladium catalyst for highly active and stable water oxidation in acidic media

National Science Review 2023年第2期10卷 157-164页

作者： Jing Peng Haofeng Sun kun ni Jiajing Wu Xinyu Sun Yueqi Su Han Cheng Yuhua Liu Yuqiao Guo Wentuan Bi Yanwu Zhu Changzheng Wu Yi Xie Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceiChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) and CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials University of Science and Technology of China Institute of Energy Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center

Acidic water electrolysis is of great importance for boosting the development of renewable energy.However,it severely suffers from the trade-off between high activity and long lifespan for oxygen evolution catalysts on the anode side.This is because the sluggish kinetics of oxygen evolution reaction necessitates the application of a high overpotential to achieve considerable current,which inevitably drives the catalysts far away from their thermodynamic equilibrium states.Here we demonstrate a new oxygen evolution model catalyst-hierarchical palladium(Pd) whose performance even surpasses the benchmark Ir-and Ru-based materials.The Pd catalyst displays an ultralow overpotential(196 mV),excellent durability and mitigated degradation(66 μV h-1) at 10 mA cm-2in 1 M HClO4.Tensile strain on Pd(111) facets weakens the binding of oxygen species on electrochemical etching-derived hierarchical Pd and thereby leads to two orders of magnitudes of enhancement of mass activity in comparison to the parent Pd bulk materials.Furthermore,the Pd catalyst displays the bifunctional catalytic properties for both oxygen and hydrogen evolutions and can deliver a current density of 2 A cm-2at a low cell voltage of 1.771 V when fabricated into polymer ele ctrolyte membrane ele ctrolyser.

关键词： palladium oxygen evolution reaction acidic condition strain electrolysis

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俄罗斯露天煤矿发展研究

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中国煤炭 2024年第1期50卷 122-130页

作者：倪坤王妍刘闯应急管理部信息研究院北京市朝阳区100029

对俄罗斯露天煤矿的资源、生产等情况进行了深入分析,总结了俄罗斯露天煤矿开采技术的发展历程以及在典型地区的技术应用,梳理了俄罗斯露天煤矿装备特点、主要装备应用情况以及俄罗斯露天煤矿主要的生态保护措施。研究得出:俄罗斯适合... 详细信息

对俄罗斯露天煤矿的资源、生产等情况进行了深入分析,总结了俄罗斯露天煤矿开采技术的发展历程以及在典型地区的技术应用,梳理了俄罗斯露天煤矿装备特点、主要装备应用情况以及俄罗斯露天煤矿主要的生态保护措施。研究得出:俄罗斯适合露天开采的煤炭资源丰富,其探明储量占比达到俄罗斯煤炭资源总量的72%以上,露天煤矿产量占俄罗斯煤炭产量75%以上,露天煤矿是俄罗斯煤炭产业发展的重点。俄罗斯露天煤矿的开采工艺主要采用轮斗连续开采工艺,同时无运输倒堆工艺使用也较多,挖掘机、自卸卡车、吊斗铲等与开采工艺相对应的装备近些年取得了新的发展。在煤炭开发利用的同时,俄罗斯高度重视煤炭工业环境安全问题,在机构设置、法律法规、生态修复技术等方面积极探索并取得诸多进展,减少了露天煤矿开发对环境的负面影响。

关键词：俄罗斯露天煤矿煤炭生产开采工艺露天装备环保

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Factors influencing polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) emissions and control in major industrial sectors: Case evidence from Shandong Province, China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第7期26卷 1513-1522页

作者： Lin Wang Yonglong Lu Guizhen He Arthur P.J.Mol Tieyu Wang Jorrit Gosens kun ni State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Environmental Policy Group Wageningen University6706 KNthe Netherlands

Analyzing determinants that influence polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and polychlorinated dibenzofuran（PCDD/F） emissions is helpful for decision-makers to find effective and efficient ways to mitigate PCDD/F emissions. The PCDD/F emissions and the contributions of the scale effect, structure effect and technology effect to emissions from eight main industrial sectors in2006, 2008 and 2010 in Shandong Province, were calculated in this article. Total PCDD/F emissions in Shandong increased by 52.8% in 2008（614.1 g I-TEQ） and 49.7% in 2010（601.8 g I-TEQ） based on 2006（401.9 g I-TEQ）. According to the decomposition method, the largest influencing factor on PCDD/F emission changes was the composition effect（contributed 43.4%in 2008 and 120.6% in 2010 based on 2006）, which was also an emission-increasing factor.In this case, the present industrial restructuring policy should be adjusted to control the proportion of production capacities with high emission factors, such as iron ore sintering and steelmaking and the secondary non-ferrous metal sector. The scale effect increased the emissions in 2008（contributed 21.9%） and decreased the emissions in 2010（contributed-28.0%）. However, as a source control measure, the excess capacity control policy indeed had a significant role in emission reduction. The main reason for the technology effect（contributed 34.7% in 2008 and 7.4% in 2010 based on 2006） having an emission-increasing role was the weakness in implementing policies for restricting industries with outdated facilities. Some specific suggestions were proposed on PCDD/F reduction for local administrators at the end.

关键词： JPCDD/F emissions Decomposition analysis Industrial structure Environmental policy

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Factors influencing the contents of metals and As in soils around the watershed of Guanting Reservoir,China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2013年第3期25卷 561-568页

作者： Li Xu Tieyu Wang Wei Luo kun ni Shijie Liu Lin Wang Qiushuang Li Yonglong Lu Regional Ecological Risk Assessment and Environmental Management Group State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional EcologyResearch Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Topsoil samples from 61 sites around the Guanting Reservoir,China,were measured for Cu,Zn,Cr,ni,Cd,Pb and As concentrations.The mean concentrations of Cu,Zn,Cr,ni,Cd,Pb and As were 16.8,59.4,37.8,18.3,0.32,20.1 and 8.67 mg/kg dry weight,respectively.Factors that influence the dynamics of these metals in soils around the watersheds of Beijing reservoirs were examined.The influence of atmospheric deposition,land use,soil texture,soil type and soil chemical parameters on metal contents in soils was investigated.Atmospheric deposition,land use and soil texture were the important factors affecting heavy metal residues.Soil type and soil chemical parameters were also involved in heavy metal retention in soils.The data provided in this study are considered crucial for reservoir remediation,especially since the Guanting Reservoir will serve as one of the main drinking water sources for Beijing in the foreseeable future.

关键词： heavy metals atmospheric deposition land use soil texture watershed

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Combined effects of cadmium and fluoranthene on germination, growth and photosynthesis of soybean seedlings

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2013年第9期25卷 1936-1946页

作者： Qiushuang Li Yonglong Lu Yajuan Shi Tieyu Wang kun ni Li Xu Shijie Liu Lin Wang Qinli Xiong John.P Giesy State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre University of Saskatchewan

The single and combinational effects of cadmium （Cd） and fluoranthene （FLT） on germination, growth and photosynthesis of soybean seedlings were investigated. Exposure to 5, 10, or 15 mg Cd/L or 1, 5, or 10 mg FLT/L individually or in combination significantly decreased germination vigor （3 days） and final germination rate of soybean seeds, except at 1 and 5 mg FLT/L. The results of two-way ANOVA analysis and the Bliss independence model showed that at lower concentrations of FLT （1 mg/L）, the interaction between Cd and FLT on germination was antagonistic, whereas the interaction was synergistic when the concentration of FLT was 5 or 10 mg/L and the concentration of Cd was 15 mg/L. Growth, expressed as dry weight, length of shoot and root, leaf area, and photosynthesis, expressed as net photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO2 concentration, chlorophyll contents and fluorescence of soybean seedlings were also reduced by exposure to 5 or 10 mg Cd/L or 1 or 5 mg FLT/L, singly or jointly. Significant antagonistic effects of exposure to 5 or 10 mg Cd/L or 1 or 5 mg FLT/L on shoot growth and photosynthesis were observed, whereas synergy and antagonism of Cd and FLT were both observed for root growth.

关键词： synergism antagonism metal PAH photosynthesis plant toxicity

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绿色发展视域下养殖场户对生物安全管理认知、采纳意愿与行为研究——基于全国6省427个生猪养殖场户的调查分析

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河北民族师范学院学报 2024年第1期44卷 34-40页

作者：聂赟彬倪坤晓农业农村部农村经济研究中心北京100810

基于河北、山东、河南、四川、辽宁、山西6省实地调查获取的微观数据,在对我国养殖场户生物安全管理现状特征进行描述性统计分析的基础上,分别采用有序Logit模型、二元Logit模型、以及Tobit模型分析影响养殖场户对生物安全管理认知、采... 详细信息

基于河北、山东、河南、四川、辽宁、山西6省实地调查获取的微观数据,在对我国养殖场户生物安全管理现状特征进行描述性统计分析的基础上,分别采用有序Logit模型、二元Logit模型、以及Tobit模型分析影响养殖场户对生物安全管理认知、采纳意愿与行为的因素。研究结果显示:养殖场户对生物安全管理具有认知程度有待提升,采纳意愿强烈,实际采纳水平较低的特征;养殖场户决策人养殖学习经历、非洲猪瘟病毒认知是同时影响养殖场户生物安全管理认知、采纳意愿与行为的因素;此外,家庭特征、生产经营特征、政策环境特征对养殖场户生物安全管理认知、采纳意愿与行为存在差异化影响。

关键词：养殖场户生物安全管理认知采纳意愿采纳行为

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植筋与3D打印砂浆粘结性能试验研究

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硅酸盐通报 2024年第5期43卷 1633-1641,1682页

作者：周荀柳根金王银辉李贺东耿健谢伟鸿倪坤浙江理工大学建筑工程学院杭州310018 浙大宁波理工学院土木建筑工程学院宁波315100 北京建工新型建材有限责任公司北京100015

为探索植筋技术在3D打印水泥基材料中应用的可行性,本文通过拉拔试验,系统研究了钢筋植入方式(预埋、植入)、成型方式(浇筑、打印)、打印条与钢筋夹角(0°、90°)、粘结长度(5ϕ、7ϕ、10ϕ,ϕ代表钢筋直径)对植筋与3D打印砂浆粘结性能的影... 详细信息

为探索植筋技术在3D打印水泥基材料中应用的可行性,本文通过拉拔试验,系统研究了钢筋植入方式(预埋、植入)、成型方式(浇筑、打印)、打印条与钢筋夹角(0°、90°)、粘结长度(5ϕ、7ϕ、10ϕ,ϕ代表钢筋直径)对植筋与3D打印砂浆粘结性能的影响规律,对不同试件的极限荷载、钢筋与砂浆基体的相对滑移、破坏形态进行了对比分析。结果显示,打印条与钢筋垂直时,采用植筋方式,粘结效果最佳,垂直打印植筋试件极限荷载相较于预埋筋试件提升了58.30%。植筋方式下,极限荷载对应的滑移值增大;且随着粘结长度增加,极限荷载有所提升,但粘结长度超过7ϕ后,极限荷载提升不明显,破坏模式由劈裂破坏转变为钢筋拉断。研究表明采用植筋加固可以显著提高3D打印砂浆与钢筋之间的粘结性能,提升试件的变形能力。

关键词： 3D打印砂浆植筋打印方式粘结性能拉拔试验破坏模式

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MODIFIED LOG-WAKE LAWS FOR TURBULENT FLOW OF THE OUTER AND INNER REGIONS IN SMOOTH PIPES

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2007年第2期19卷 188-194页

作者： LIU Ya-kun ni Han-gen State key Laboratory of Coastal and offshore Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 china

Based on theoretical analysis two modified log-wake laws for turbulent flow in smooth pipes are obtained, one is applicable to the outer region and other one to inner region, the new law for the outer region fits the velocity profile measured in smooth pipes by Zagarola very well and the effect of Reynolds number can be taken into consideration, the velocity profile for inner region satisfies the wall boundary conditions ,equals zero at the pipe wall and smoothly joins up with the velocity profile in outer region, the adopted eddy viscosity model is consistent with Laufer＇s, Nunner＇s and Reichardt＇s experimental data.

关键词： turbulent pipe flow eddy viscosity log-wakelaw outer and inner regions

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Molecule aging induced by electron attacking

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第6期93卷 519-525,I0013页

作者： Ping Song Yining Dong Xue Gong Mingbo Ruan Baoxin ni Xuanhao Mei kun Jiang Weilin Xu State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry and Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Chemical Power Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130022JilinChina School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering University of Science and Technology of Chin1Hefei 230026AnhuiChina Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsDepartment of ChemistryFudan UniversityShanghai 200438China

Here we propose a new concept of"molecule aging":with some special treatment,a molecule could be"aged"by losing some unknown tiny particles or pieces from atoms in the molecule,Such"aging"or loss of unknown tiny particles does not change apparently its molecular structure or chemical composition,but some physicochemical properties could be changed irreversibly.We further confirm such"molecule aging"via a long-term electron attacking to age water(H_(2)O)molecules.The IR spectra show no structural difference between the fresh water and the aged one,while the NMR spectra show that the electron attacking can decrease the size of water clusters.Such facts indicate that the electron attacking indeed can"affect"the structure of water molecule slightly but without damaging to its basic molecule frame.Further exploration reveals that the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)activity of the aged water molecule is lower than the fresh water on the same Pt/C electrocatalyst.The density functional theory calculations indicate that the shortened O-H bond in H_(2)O indeed can present lower HER activity,so the observed size decrease of water clusters from NMR probably could be attributed to the shortening of O-H bond in water molecules.Such results indicate significantly that the molecule aging can produce materials with new functions for new possible applications.

关键词： Aging of molecules Electron attacking Full width at half maxima Hydrogen evolution reaction

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ABRUPT DEFLECTED SUPERCRITICAL WATER FLOW IN SLOPED CHANNELS

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2008年第3期20卷 293-298页

作者： LIU Ya-kun ni Han-gen State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024China

The effect of the bottom slope on abrupt deflected supercritical water flow was experimentally and theoretically studied. Model tests were conducted in a flume of 1.2 m wide and 2.6 m long with sloped bottom at an angle 35.54°, its length of deflector was 0.2 m and the deflection angles were 15° and 30°. An approximate method for calculating the shock wave angle and depth ratio of the abrupt deflected supercritical water flow was suggested, and a correction coefficient for the hydrodynamic pressure was introduced to generalize the momentum equation in the direction perpendicular to the shock front. It must be noticed that in the sloped channel the shock wave angle and the depth ratio are no longer constant as those in the horizontal channels, but slowly change along the shock front. The calculated results are in good agreement with measured data.

关键词： shock wave abrupt deflection of supercritical water flow slopping channel

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