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Tumor-associated macrophages in liver cancer:From mechanisms to therapy

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Cancer Communications 2022年第11期42卷 1112-1140页

作者： Kun Cheng Ning Cai Jinghan Zhu Xing Yang Huifang Liang Wanguang Zhang Hepatic Surgery Centre Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei 430030P.R.China

Multidimensional analyses have demonstrated the presence of a unique tumor microenvironment(TME)in liver cancer.Tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs)are among the most abundant immune cells infiltrating the TME and are present at all stages of liver cancer progression,and targeting TAMs has become one of the most favored immunotherapy strategies.In addition,macrophages and liver cancer cells have distinct origins.At the early stage of liver cancer,macrophages can provide a niche for the maintenance of liver cancer stem cells.In contrast,cancer stem cells(CSCs)or poorly differentiated tumor cells are key factors modulating macrophage activation.In the present review,we first propose the origin connection between precursor macrophages and liver cancer cells.Macrophages undergo dynamic phenotypic transition during carcinogenesis.In this course of such transition,it is critical to determine the appropriate timing for therapy and block specific markers to suppress protumoral TAMs.The present review provides a more detailed discussion of transition trends of such surface markers than previous reviews.Complex crosstalk occurs between TAMs and liver cancer cells.TAMs play indispensable roles in tumor progression,angiogenesis,and autophagy due to their heterogeneity and robust plasticity.In addition,macrophages in the TME interact with other immune cells by directing cell-to-cell contact or secreting various effector molecules.Similarly,tumor cells combined with other immune cells can drive macrophage recruitment and polarization.Despite the latest achievements and the advancements in treatment strategies following TAMs studies,comprehensive discussions on the communication between macrophages and cancer cells or immune cells in liver cancer are currently lacking.In this review,we discussed the interactions between TAMs and liver cancer cells(from cell origin to maturation),the latest therapeutic strategies(including chimeric antigen receptor macrophages),and critical clinical trials for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and intr

关键词： hepatocellular carcinoma intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma tumor-associated macrophages immunotherapy

CFD simulations targeting the performance of the NTNU BT1 wind turbine using overset grids

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2023年第5期35卷 954-962页

作者： Mao-kun Ye Ni-na Wang Hamn-Ching Chen De-cheng Wan Computational Marine Hydrodynamics Lab(CMHL) School of Naval ArchitectureOcean and Civil EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China Key Laboratory of Far-shore Wind Power Technology of Zhejiang Province Huadong Engineering Corporation LimitedHangzhou310014China Zachry Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA

In the present study, the performance of the NTNU Blind Test 1 wind turbine is analyzed in the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations by using the CFD code FANS with structured overset grids. First, the numerical methods including the governing equations, the turbulence closure model, and the flow solver are introduced. In addition, the NTNU BT1 wind tunnel experiment is described. Then, structured overset grid blocks are generated in the computational domain with fully resolved wind turbine geometry, including the blades, hub, nacelle, and tower. Afterward, unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations with the two-layer k - ε turbulence model are performed with an inlet velocity of 10 m/s and a tip-speed ratio (TSR) of 6. The overset-grid capability of FANS is leveraged to handle the rotation of the rotor. Finally, simulations are performed for a range of TSRs and a comparison is made among the present CFD results, other numerical results obtained from representative methods, and the experimental data. It is observed that the CFD-predicted thrust coefficients match the experimental measurement at low TSRs while under-predicting the values at high TSRs, and potential reasons for this deviation are discussed.

关键词： Wind turbine performance computational fluid dynamics(CFD) overset grids

Insights into optimizing exosome therapies for acute skin wound healing and other tissue repair

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Frontiers of Medicine 2024年第2期18卷 258-284页

作者： Tianjing Sun Mo Li Qi Liu Anyong Yu Kun Cheng Jianxing Ma Sean Murphy Patrick Michael McNutt Yuanyuan Zhang Department of Emergency Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyi563003China Department of Nephrology Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyi563003China Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences School of PharmacyUniversity of Missouri-Kansas CityKansas CityMO64108USA Department of Biochemistry Wake Forest University School of MedicineWinston-SalemNC27157USA Wake Forest Institute of Regenerative Medicine Wake Forest School of MedicineWinston-SalemNC27109USA

Exosome therapy holds great promise as a novel approach to improve acute skin wound healing.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of exosome biology and its potential applications in acute skin wound healing and beyond.Exosomes,small extracellular vesicles secreted by various stem cells,have emerged as potent mediators of intercellular communication and tissue repair.One advantage of exosome therapy is its ability to avoid potential risks associated with stem cell therapy,such as immune rejection or stem cells differentiating into unwanted cell types.However,further research is necessary to optimize exosome therapy,not only in the areas of exosome isolation,characterization,and engineering,but also in determining the optimal dose,timing,administration,and frequency of exosome therapy.Thus,optimization of exosome therapy is critical for the development of more effective and safer exosome-based therapies for acute skin wound healing and other diseases induced by cancer,ischemia,or inflammation.This review provides valuable insights into the potential of exosome therapy and highlights the need for further research to optimize exosome therapy for clinical use.

关键词： exosomes stem cells therapeutic impact skin wound healing

Hierarchically porous Beta/SBA-16 with different silica-alumina ratios and the hydrodesulfurization performances of DBT and 4,6-DMDBT

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Petroleum Science 2022年第1期19卷 375-386页

作者： Jin-Lin Mei Yu Shi cheng-kun Xiao Ao-cheng Wang Ai-Jun Duan Xi-Long Wang State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing 102249PR China

Hierarchically porous Beta/SBA-16(BS)composite materials,combining the characteristics of the acidity from the Beta zeolite and the three-dimensional structure from SBA-16,were synthesized successfully through a two-step in-situ assembly hydrothermal crystallization method.A series of Ni Mo catalysts supported on BS with different silica-alumina ratios were prepared.The supports and the corresponding catalysts were characterized by XRD,N_(2) physisorption,^(27)Al MAS NMR,TEM,pyridine-FTIR,Raman,XPS and HRTEM.The activities of series catalysts were evaluated by the hydrodesulfurization(HDS)performances of dibenzothiophene(DBT)and 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene(4,6-DMDBT).It was found that the Beta crystallites were embedded into SBA-16 through silanols accompanied by dealumination on the T3-T9 sites of Beta crystallites.Ni Mo/BS-3 with a silica-alumina ratio of 100 exhibited the highest DBT and 4,6-DMDBT HDS activities at the WHSV value of 10 h^(-1),with the conversions of 95.9%and 86.9%respectively,due to the synergistic effects of the suitable specific surface areas,the relatively large pore size,appropriate acidity,the relatively high sulfidation degree,moderate dispersity and good stacking degree of Mo S;active phases.

关键词： Beta/SBA-16 Dibenzothiophene 4,6-Dimethyldibenzothiophene Hydrodesulfurization

Implementation of encoder and decoder for LDPC codes based on FPGA

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2019年第4期30卷 642-650页

作者： cheng kun SHEN Qi LIAO Shengkai PENG chengzhi Department of Modern Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Shanghai Branch National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern PhysicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaShanghai 201315China

This paper proposes a parallel cyclic shift structure of address decoder to realize a high-throughput encoding and decoding method for irregular-quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check(IR-QC-LDPC)codes,with a dual-diagonal parity structure.A normalized min-sum algorithm(NMSA)is employed for decoding.The whole verification of the encoding and decoding algorithm is simulated with Matlab,and the code rates of 5/6 and 2/3 are selected respectively for the initial bit error ratio as 6%and 1.04%.Based on the results of simulation,multi-code rates are compatible with different basis matrices.Then the simulated algorithms of encoder and decoder are migrated and implemented on the field programmable gate array(FPGA).The 183.36 Mbps throughput of encoder and the average 27.85 Mbps decoding throughput with the initial bit error ratio 6%are realized based on FPGA.

关键词： low-density parity-check(LDPC) field programmable gate array(FPGA) normalized min-sum algorithm(NMSA).

Topology optimization of simplified convective heat transfer problems using the finite volume method

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2023年第5期66卷 1352-1364页

作者： YAN kun WANG YunYu PAN Yu SUN Guo CHEN Jian CAI XianHui cheng GengDong School of Chemical Machinery and Safety Dalian University of TechnologyDalian116024China Science and Technology on Scramjet Laboratory National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha410073China State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment Department of Engineering MechanicsDalian University of TechnologyDalian116024China

Topology optimization of simplified convective heat transfer has been widely studied,but most existing studies are based on the finite element method(FEM);methods based on the finite volume method(FVM)have been less studied.In this paper,a topology optimization method based on FVM was proposed for a simplified convective heat transfer problem.We developed a novel adjoint sensitivity analysis method applicable to FVM,which included adjoint equations,corresponding boundary conditions,and sensitivity analysis equations.Additionally,a program for the proposed topology optimization method was developed in open field operation and manipulation(OpenFOAM)and portable,extensibletoolkit for scientific computation(PETSc).Thus,large-scale topology optimizations could be performed in parallel.Furthermore,numerical examples of the classical two-dimensional(2D)and 3D optimization problems were considered.The results verified the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method.The results of large-scale 3D examples show an interesting phenomenon that for the optimized designs with few features,the large-scale topology optimization is still valuable for obtaining more effective structural shapes.

关键词： simplified convective heat transfer topology optimization large scale adjoint sensitivity analysis OpenFOAM

Experimental study of Al agglomeration on solid propellant burning surface and condensed combustion products

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2023年第8期26卷 111-122页

作者： cheng-yin Tu Xiong Chen Ying-kun Li Bei-chen Zhang Chang-sheng Zhou School of Mechanical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing210094PR China

Aluminum(Al) particles are commonly added to energetic materials including propellants,explosives and pyrotechnics to increase the overall energy density of the composite,but aluminum agglomeration on the combustion surface may lower the combustion efficiency of propellants,resulting in a loss in twophase flow.Therefore,it is necessary to understand the agglomeration mechanism of aluminum particles on the combustion surface.In this paper,a high-pressure sealed combustion chamber is constructed,and high-speed camera is used to capture the whole process of aluminum accumulation,aggregation and agglomeration on the combustion surface,and the secondary agglomeration process near the combustion surface.The microscopic morphology and chemical composition of the condensed combustion products(CCPs) are then studied by using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive(SEM-EDS) method.Results show that there are three main types of condensed combustion products:small smoke oxide particles oxidized by aluminum vapor,usually less than 1 μm;typical agglomerates formed by the combustion of aluminum agglomerates;carbonized agglomerates that are widely distributed,usually formed by irregular movements of aluminum agglomerates.The particle size of condensed combustion products is measured by laser particle size meter.As the pressure increases from 0.5 MPa to 1.0 MPa in nitrogen,the mass average particle size of aluminum agglomerates decreases by 49.7%.As the ambient gas is changed from 0.5 MPa nitrogen to 0.5 MPa air,the mass average particle size of aluminum agglomerates decreases by 67.3%.Results show that as the ambient pressure increases,the higher oxygen content can improve combustion efficiency and reduce the average agglomeration size of aluminum particles.

关键词： Solid propellant Al particles Condensed combustion products Agglomeration Microscopic morphology

Endoscopic surgery versus craniotomy in the treatment of spontaneous intracerebral hematoma:a systematic review and meta-analysis

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Chinese Neurosurgical Journal 2023年第1期9卷 39-50页

作者： Xiaolin Du Xiaoning Lin cheng Wang kun Zhou Yigong Wei Xinhua Tian Department of Neurosurgery The Jinyang Hospital Affiliated to Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang 550084China Department of Neurosurgery Zhong Shan hospital Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361012China

Background:Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage(SICH)has high morbidity and mortality,with no clear standard of treatment available.Compared with the craniotomy approach,neuroendoscopy is a relatively minimally invasive treatment method,and may be an efficient alternative.Therefore,this meta-analysis aimed to assess the clinical efficacy of neuroendoscopy and craniotomy in SICH patients.Methods:The electronic databases Web of Science,PubMed,EmBase,MEDLINE,and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched.According to the PRISMA template,we finally selected and analyzed 14 eligible studies that evaluated neuroendoscopy versus craniotomy.Primary outcomes included operation time,intraoperative blood loss volume,evacuation rate,residual hematoma,complications,hospital stay duration,clinical outcomes,and other parameters.Results:A total of 4 randomized controlled trials(RCTs)and 10 retrospective studies(non-RCTs)involving 1652 patients were included in the final analysis.In the neuroendoscopy(NE)group,operation time(p<0.00001),intraoperative blood loss volume(p<0.0001),hematoma evacuation rate(p=0.0002),complications(p<0.00001),hospitalization days(p=0.004),and mortality(p<0.0001)were significantly different from those of the craniotomy(C)group,with a higher rate of good recovery compared with the craniotomy group(P<0.00001).Conclusions:These findings suggest that patients with SICH and physicians may benefit more from neuroendoscopic surgery than craniotomy.

关键词： Intracerebral hematoma Neuroendoscopy Craniotomy

Metal-organic frameworks as photocatalysts for aerobic oxidation reactions

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Science China Chemistry 2023年第6期66卷 1634-1653页

作者： kun Wu Xin-Yi Liu Pei-Wen cheng Mo Xie Weigang Lu Dan Li College of Chemistry and Materials Science Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and ApplicationsJinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632China

Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)are emerging as one of the most intriguing classes of heterogeneous photocatalysts owing to their abundant structures,tunable porosity,and versatile functions.The advantages of bottom-up design and reticular synthesis render MOF materials with desired photocatalytic properties for targeted reactions.In this review,we discussed the design and synthesis of MOF-based photocatalysts as well as strategies for enhancing photocatalytic performance.Recent progress on MOFs as platforms for photocatalytic aerobic oxidation reactions was summarized and categorized according to the types of bond formation.We hope this review will give an in-depth insight into MOF-based photocatalytic systems for not only aerobic oxidation reactions but also other organic transformations.A brief outlook on the challenges and opportunities of MOFs as heterogeneous photocatalysts is provided at the end of the review.

关键词： metal-organic frameworks heterogeneous photocatalyst reactive oxygen species aerobic oxidation organic synthesis