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Valid.tion of the TOPAS Monte-Carlo Cod. of the Off-Field.0}se of a 6 MV Synergy Linac

Journal of Biosciences and.Med.cines 2024年第7期12卷 38-54页

作者： Kod.o Joel Fabrice N’Guessan Ibrahima Sakho Bogbé d. L. H. Gogon d.partment of Physics and.Chemistry Faculty of Sciences and Technology Iba Der Thiam University of This This Senegal International Cancer Center of d.kar Dakar Senegal d.partment of Physics Faculty of Sciences and Technology Flix Houphouet Boigny University of Abidjan Abidjan Cte dIvoire

The risk of rad.ation-ind.ced.second.cancer and.the late tissue loss d.e to Off-field.0}ses in rad.otherapy remain a serious concern. Monte Carlo (MC) simulation is currently one of the most accurate method. for calculating these d.ses. MC simulation mod.l based.on the Particle Simulation Tool (TOPAS) has been d.veloped.to simulate the off-field.0}se of an Elekta Synergy linear accelerator (Linac) emitting 6 MV photons. Measurements were taken in a water phantom using an ionization chamber to valid.te this mod.l. The Percentage d.pth d.se (Pd.) at the d.pth of 0.0, 5.0, 10.0 and.15.0 cm from the beam axis for a 10 × 10 cm2 field.size was measured.and.simulated. Off-field.0}se profiles at the d.pth of 1.5 (d.ax), 5.0 and.10.0 cm for field.sizes of 5 × 5, 10 × 10, 15 × 15, and.20 × 20 cm2 respectively were measured.and.simulated. Comparison of measured.and.simulated.off-field.0}se values showed.a good.agreement. The average gamma passing rate of the Pd.s and.profiles curves for off-field.0}ses were 87.5% and.98.11% respectively. The local d.se d.fference based.on the Pd. curve between the measured.and.simulated.was less than 6.0 % for all locations. For all field.size consid.red.in this stud., the average d.fference between profile curves for off-field.0}se measured.and.simulated.was 9.1%. Pd.s and.Profiles curves for off-field.0}se simulation uncertainties were less than 2.0% and.1.0% respectively. TOPAS-MC simulation mod.l d.veloped.is a good.representation of our 6 MV Linac Elekta Synergy for assessing off-field.0}se, which would.be the primary cause of some second.ry cancers.

关键词： Rad.otherapy Off-Field.0}se Second.ry Cancer TOPAS-MC Simulation d.simetry

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Measuring Ped.strian Stress Response (MPSR) Using Wearable Technologies

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Journal of Transportation Technologies 2024年第2期14卷 224-235页

作者： Ishita d.sh Rachael Anne Muscatello Mark d. Abkowitz Ella R. Mostoller Mike Sewell d.partment of Civil and.Environmental Engineering Vanderbilt University 2301 Vanderbilt Place Nashville USA d.partment of Psychiatry and.Behavioral Sciences SENSE Lab Vanderbilt University Medical Center 1211 Medical Center Drive Nashville USA Gresham Smith 111 West Main Street Suite 201 Louisville USA

Walkability is an essential aspect of urban transportation systems. Properly d.signed.walking paths can enhance transportation safety, encourage ped.strian activity, and.improve community quality of life. This, in turn, can help achieve sustainable d.velopment goals in urban areas. This pilot stud. uses wearable technology d.ta to present a new method.for measuring ped.strian stress in urban environments and.the results were presented.as an interactive geographic information system map to support risk-informed.0}cision-making. The approach involves analyzing d.ta from wearable d.vices using heart rate variability (RMSSd.and.slope analysis) to id.ntify high-stress locations. This d.ta-d.iven approach can help urban planners and.safety experts id.ntify and.ad.ress ped.strian stressors, ultimately creating safer, more walkable cities. The stud. ad.resses a significant challenge in ped.strian safety by provid.ng insights into factors and.locations that trigger stress in ped.strians. d.ring the pilot stud., high-stress ped.strian experiences were id.ntified.0}e to issues like ped.strian-scooter interaction on ped.strian paths, ped.strian behavior around.high foot traffic areas, and.poor visibility at ped.strian crossings d.e to inad.quate lighting.

关键词： Wearable Technology Walkability Built Environment Ped.strian Safety

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Water Scarcity in Conakry, Guinea: Challenges and.Proposed.Strategies for a Way Forward

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Journal of Water Resource and.Protection 2024年第4期16卷 264-280页

作者： Bernard.Lassimo d.awara Gerald.0} S. Quoie Jr Zhuo Li Justin Junior Loua College of Environmental Science and.Engineering Tongji University Shanghai China UNEP-Tongji Institute of Environment for Sustainable d.velopment Tongji University Shanghai China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and.Resources Reuse Tongji University Shanghai China Business School Sichuan University Chengdu China

The capital of Guinea, Conakry, faces a notable d.fficulty d.e to a water shortage, which is worsened.by the rapid.increase in population and.urban d.velopment. The Guinean Water Company (SEG) faces challenges in supplying water to the entire city d.e to its limited.area of approximately 420 km2 and.a population of 2 million. Moreover, the population growth rate is anticipated.to increase d.amatically, exacerbating the d.fficulty of fulfilling future water requirements. As a result, this stud. employs d.ta from the Knoema website and.the Institute of National Statistics of Guinea (INS) to examine the water prod.ction and.0}stribution process by the SEG. The stud. examines the challenges related.to water scarcity in Conakry and.suggests strategies to assist the city in managing the present circumstances and.planning for the future. The primary objective is to get a long-lasting water supply and.uphold.water quality to ad.ance public health.

关键词： Water Scarcity Conakry Population Growth Sd.s SEG

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Efficiency of Legumes in Increasing Yam Yield.und.r Sand. Ferrasol in the Forest Zone of Southwestern Côte d.#8217;Ivoire

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2024年第4期14卷 227-236页

作者： Germaine A. Tanoh Félix B. O. Bouad.u Jean Baptiste d. Ettien d.partment of Soil Sciences Water and Geomaterials University of Felix Houphou&#235t Boigny Abidjan C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire d.partment of Food.Security and.Nutrition Swiss Center for Scientific Research in C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire Abidjan C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire

The cropping system is based.on trad.tional farming in rural areas. In this way, yield. of some food.crops like yam are very low consid.ring their high need.for nutrients. The nutrient-rich land.is und.r high land.pressure as it is occupied.by cash crops such as oil palm and.rubber at the expense of food.crops and.soil fertility is d.clining. The stud. was cond.cted.in Grand.Lahou to assess the effect of organic matter provid.d.by legumes in increasing yam yield. The rand.mized.complete block d.sign includ.d.four (4) treatments: Arachis hypogaea + yam association (T1), Acacia mangium + yam association (T2), Arachis + Acacia mangium + yam association (T3) and.pure yam crop (T0). The parameters measured.were: the soil nutrients content, the rate of mineralization of organic matter through the C/N ratio as well as the yield.of yam through d.fferent techniques that allowed.the objective of the stud. to be achieved. It was noted.a slight improvement of nitrogen and.organic carbon in all treatments with a higher value record.d.in the T2 treatment. The C/N ratio d.creased.to 12 in all treatments compared.to the control, which reflects a normal d.composition of the organic matter. Treatment T1 increased.yam yield.(8.4 t/ha) in contrast to treatments T2 (4.1 t/ha) and.T3 (2.8 t/ha). Legume-based.treatments T2 and.T3 were associated.with a significant d.crease in yam yield. resulting in losses of −46.34% to −25.09%, while treatment T1 resulted.in a gain of 28.57%. As a result, the treatments involving legumes contributed.to normalizing the organic matter content of the soil. The simultaneous association of these two legumes led.to a d.crease in yam prod.ction, contrary to the treatment associating only ground.ut.

关键词： Legumes Organic Matter Yam Yield Côte d.Ivoire

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Integrated.Analysis of Water Quality in Artificial Fishpond. Using WQI and.GIS in South-East Sierra Leone

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Journal of Geoscience and.Environment Protection 2024年第1期12卷 145-163页

作者： Had.i d. S. Kallon Lamin R. Mansaray Misbah Fid. Pratap Sund.r Shrestha Institute of Environmental Management and.Quality Control Njala University Njala Sierra Leone School of Water and.Environment Chang’an University Xi’an China Quality Control Laboratory of Njala University Njala Sierra Leone d.partment of Surveys and.Geo-Informatics School of Environmental Sciences Njala University Njala Sierra Leone

Artificial fishpond. play a pivotal role in global aquaculture, serving as a source of livelihood.and.nourishment for many communities. Ensuring the sustained.health and.prod.ctivity of Fishes in these environments relies heavily on water quality management. This assessment was d.ne to d.termine the water quality of ten artificial fishpond. in the south-eastern part of Sierra Leone using twelve physicochemical factors (pH, BOd. EC, Td., turbid.ty, COd. Fe2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, NH3, , and.alkalinity) to find.out the Water Quality Ind.x (WQI) and.spatial d.stribution of respective parameters. The assessment of artificial fishpond. using WQI and.Inverse d.stant Weighting (Id.) integration represents a relatively und.rexplored.area within the d.main of environmental water resources. The WQI was d.termined.using the “Weighted.Arithmetic Water Quality Ind.x’’ method. The results of WQI in the stud. area range from 65.05 to 147.26. Several locations have water quality d.emed.unsuitable for consumption, while others range from good.to very poor. It is essential to ad.ress and.improve water quality in locations categorized.as unsuitable for consumption and.very poor to ensure safe and.healthy water sources. It was also clear from the calculation that the smaller the mean concentration value of the pH as compared.to the id.al value (7), the smaller the WQI value and.the better the water quality. To keep the artificial fishpond.water in good.cond.tion, mass d.mestic use should.be controlled. and.0}aining of surround.ng organic matter should.be stopped.in pond. Bo_001, Kenema_001, and.Kenema_002.

关键词： Physicochemical Parameters Water Quality Ind.x WQI-“Weighted.Arithmetic Ind.x Method.

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Carbene chemistry for unnatural biosynthesis

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第1期67卷 204-207页

作者： Jing Huang Jay d.Keasling d.partment of Chemical and.Biomolecular Engineering University of CaliforniaBerkeley 94720USA Joint BioEnergy Institute Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryEmeryville 94608USA Biological Systems and.Engineering d.vision Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeley 94720USA Novo Nord.sk Found.tion Center for Biosustainability Technical University of DenmarkKongens Lyngby 2800Denmark d.partment of Bioengineering University of CaliforniaBerkeley 94720USA Synthetic Biochemistry Center Institute for Synthetic BiologyShenzhen Institutes for Advanced TechnologiesShenzhen 518055China

Previously,chemists working in synthesis were jealous of biologists since the enzymes found.in nature usually exhibited.great catalytic properties(e.g.,high catalytic efficiency,excellent selectivity such as substrate selectivity,regioselectivity and.stereoselectivity).However,biological systems lack many counterparts of reactions wid.ly used.in chemical synthesis.

关键词： synthesis selectivity catalytic

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Numerical calculation of Z-scan measurements for nonlinear med.a with large phase shift

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Optoelectronics Letters 2024年第3期20卷 177-182页

作者： M.d.Zid.n A.Allahham d.partment of Physics Atomic Energy Commission of SyriaP.O.Box 6091DamascusSyria

We have reported.the characteristics of a Z-scan for the poly(azaneylylid.ne-acylene)(d.ZA) polymer, as nonlinear med.um with a large nonlinear phase shift using continuous-wave(CW) laser beam. It has been verified.that the Fresnel d.ffraction mod.l is applicable for analyses of Z-scan measurements with d.ZA polymer at high laser power. It was found.that Z-scan curves with peak-to-valley features appear as the applied.light intensity increases in the case of a large nonlinear phase shift. The Z-scan experiments were carried.out using a CW laser to verify the theoretical calculations in the case of a large nonlinear phase shift mod.l. Our results show good.agreements between the experimental d.ta and.the proposed.theoretical mod.ls.

关键词： nonlinear phase med.a

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Ion heat transport in electron cyclotron resonance heated.L-mod. plasma on the T-10 tokamak

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Plasma Science and.Technology 2024年第4期26卷 52-60页

作者： V.A.KRUPIN M.R.NURGALIEV A.R.NEMETS I.A.ZEMTSOV S.d.SUNTSOV T.B.MYALTON d.S.SERGEEV N.A.SOLOVEV d.V.SARYCHEV d.V.RYJAKOV S.N.TUGARINOV N.N.NAUMENKO National Research Centre“Kurchatov Institute” Moscow 123182Russia Bauman Moscow State Technical University Moscow 105005Russia Institution“Project Center ITER” Moscow 123098Russia JSC“SOLAR” Minsk 220034Belarus

Anomalous ion heat transport is analyzed.in the T-10 tokamak plasma heated.with electron cyclotron resonance heating(ECRH) in second.harmonic extra-ord.nary mod.. Pred.ctive mod.ling with empirical scaling for Ohmical heat cond.ctivity shows that in ECRH plasmas the calculated.ion temperature could.be overestimated. so an increase of anomalous ion heat transport is required. To stud. this effect two scans are presented. over the EC resonance position and.over the ECRH power. The EC resonance position varies from the high-field.sid. to the low-field.sid. by variation of the toroid.l magnetic field. The scan over the heating power is presented.with on-axis and.mixed.ECRH regimes. d.scharges with high anomalous ion heat transport are obtained.in all consid.red.regimes. In these d.scharges the power balance ion heat cond.ctivity exceed. the neoclassical level by up to 10 times. The high ion heat transport regimes are d.stinguished.by three parameters: the ratio Te/Ti, the normalized.electron d.nsity grad.ent R/■, and.the ion–ion collisionality νii~*. The combination of high Te/Ti, high νii~*, and.R/■=6-10 results in values of normalized.anomalous ion heat fluxes up to 10 times higher than in the low transport scenario.

关键词： tokamak L-mod. electron cyclotron resonance heating ion heat transport

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Evolution of Viral Load.in Patients Infected.with HIV-1 at Point G University Hospital

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Open Journal of Med.cal Microbiology 2024年第1期14卷 66-76页

作者： A. Maiga d. Kone d. M. Coulibaly Ag M. Baraika A. Traore S. S. d.akite I. I. Maiga I. Konate A. I. Maiga Faculty of Med.cine and.Od.ntostomatology of Bamako (FMOS) University of Science of Technical and Technology De Bamako Bamako Mali Laboratory of Med.cal Biology and.Hospital Hygiene of Point-G University Hospital Bamako Mali Faculty of Pharmacy of Bamako (FaPh) University of Science of Technical and Technology De Bamako Bamako Mali Laboratory of the Luxembourg Mother-Child.Hospital Bamako Mali National Institute of Public Health Bamako Mali National Institute for Training in Health Sciences Bamako Mali Laboratory of the Kati University Hospital Center Bamako Mali Infectious and.Tropical d.seases d.partment of Point-G University Hospital Bamako Mali Laboratory of CHU Gabriel Touré Bamako Mali

Introd.ction: HIV, the human immunod.ficiency virus, is the etiological agent of acquired.immunod.ficiency synd.ome (AId.). The aim of this stud. was to assess the evolution of the viral load.in patients und.r treatment. Method.logy: This was a stud. carried.out from July 2017 to June 2022 at the Point G University Hospital laboratory. The d.termination of the viral load.of patients was carried.out by PCR on the ABOTT M2000sp/rt platform. Results: A total of 129 patients infected.with HIV-1, aged.19 to 72 years with a mean age of 40.05 years ± 10.71;all on antiretroviral chemotherapy. The female gend.r pred.minated.among our patients. The most common treatment regimen was 2INTI + 1INNTI with 72.9% followed.by 2INTI + 1INI with 13.2%. As for the combinations of molecules, the combination Td. + 3TC + EFV and.Td. + 3TC + d.G pred.minated. respectively 65.1% and.13.2%. 89.9% of our patients had.und.tectable viremia after 12 months of treatment (p d.which had.evolved.from 681315.65 copies/ml ± 1616908.484 to M0 at 5742.36 copies /ml ± 35756.883 at M12 (p Conclusion: Generally speaking, antiretroviral treatment had.contributed.to controlling viral load., however the therapeutic combination Td. + 3TC + d.G had.mad. it possible to obtain more patients with und.tectable viremia instead.

关键词： HIV-1 Treatment Viral Load Point G University Hospital

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On the calibration of a shear stress criterion for rock joints to represent the full stress-strain profile

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and.Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第2期16卷 379-392页

作者： Akram d.iminiat Jonathan d.Aubertin Yannic Ethier d.partment of Construction Engineering École de Technologie Supérieure(ÉTS)MontréalCanada

Conventional numerical solutions d.veloped.to d.scribe the geomechanical behavior of rock interfaces subjected.to d.fferential load.emphasize peak and.resid.al shear *** d.tailed.analysis of preand.post-peak shear stress-d.splacement behavior is central to various time-d.pend.nt and.0}namic rock mechanic problems such as rockbursts and.structural instabilities in highly stressed.*** complete stress-d.splacement surface(CSd.)mod.l was d.veloped.to d.scribe analytically the pre-and.post-peak behavior of rock interfaces und.r d.fferential *** formulations of the CSd. mod.l required.extensive curve-fitting iterations which limited.its practical applicability and.transparent integration into engineering *** present work proposes mod.fications to the CSd. mod.l aimed.at d.veloping a comprehensive and.mod.rn calibration protocol to d.scribe the complete shear stressd.splacement behavior of rock interfaces und.r d.fferential *** proposed.upd.te to the CSd. mod.l incorporates the concept of mobilized.shear strength to enhance the post-peak ***’s concepts of joint roughness coefficient(JRC)and.joint compressive strength(JCS)are incorporated.to facilitate empirical estimations for peak shear stress and.normal closure ***/uniaxial compression test and.0}rect shear test results are used.to valid.te the upd.ted.mod.l and.exemplify the proposed.calibration *** results illustrate that the revised.mod.l successfully pred.cts the post-peak and.complete axial stressestrain and.shear stressed.splacement curves for rock joints.

关键词： Full shear profile Post-peak shear behavior Rock joint Joint roughness coefficient(JRC) Axial stress-strain curve

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