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Altered gut microbiota patterns in COVID-19:Markers for inflammation and disease severity

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第25期28卷 2802-2822页

作者： Chiranjib Chakraborty Ashish Ranjan Sharma Manojit Bhattacharya kuldeep dhama Sang-Soo Lee School of Life Science and Biotechnology Adamas UniversityKolkata 700126India Institute for Skeletal Aging&Orthopaedic Surgery Hallym UniversityChuncheon-si 24252South Korea Department of Zoology Fakir Mohan UniversityBalasore 756020India Division of Pathology Indian Council of Agricultural Research(ICAR)-Indian Veterinary Research Institute(IVRI)Bareilly 243122Uttar PradeshIndia Institute for Skeletal Aging&Orthopedic Surgery Hallym UniversityChuncheon-si 24252South Korea

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection leads to a severe respiratory illness and alters the gut microbiota,which dynamically interacts with the human immune system.Microbiota alterations include decreased levels of beneficial bacteria and augmentation of opportunistic pathogens.Here,we describe critical factors affecting the microbiota in coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)patients.These include,such as gut microbiota imbalance and gastrointestinal symptoms,the pattern of altered gut microbiota composition in COVID-19 patients,and crosstalk between the microbiome and the gut-lung axis/gut-brain-lung axis.Moreover,we have illustrated the hypoxia state in COVID-19 associated gut microbiota alteration.The role of ACE2 in the digestive system,and control of its expression using the gut microbiota is discussed,highlighting the interactions between the lungs,the gut,and the brain during COVID-19 infection.Similarly,we address the gut microbiota in elderly or co-morbid patients as well as gut microbiota dysbiosis of in severe COVID-19.Several clinical trials to understand the role of probiotics in COVID-19 patients are listed in this review.Augmented inflammation is one of the major driving forces for COVID-19 symptoms and gut microbiome disruption and is associated with disease severity.However,understanding the role of the gut microbiota in immune modulation during SARS-CoV-2 infection may help improve therapeutic strategies for COVID-19 treatment.

关键词： COVID-19 Inflammation Gut microbiota Therapeutic

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Towards an actionable One Health approach

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贫困所致传染病(英文) 2024年第2期13卷 1-6页

作者： Zhang Xiao-Xi Lederman Zohar Han Le-Fei Schurer Janna M. Xiao Li-Hua Zhang Zhi-Bing Chen Qiu-Lan Pfeiffer Dirk Ward Michael P. Sripa Banchob Gabri?l Sarah dhama kuldeep Acharya Krishna Prasad Robertson Lucy J. Deem Sharon L. Aenishaenslin Cécile Dantas-Torres Filipe Otranto Domenico Grace Delia Wang Yang Li Peng Fu Chao Poeta Patrícia Rahman Md. Tanvir Kassegne Kokouvi Zhu Yong-Zhang Yin Kun Liu Jiming Wang Zhao-Jun Guo Xiao-Kui Gong Wen-Feng Schwartl?nder Bernhard Ren Ming-Hui Zhou Xiao-Nong Sydney School of Veterinary Science The University of Sydney Camden Australia Tropical Disease Research Center Department of Tropical Medicine Faculty of Medicine Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen Thailand Laboratory of foodborne parasitic zoonoses Department of translational physiology infectiology and public health Chair Faculty Committee on Internationalisation Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ghent University Merelbeke Belgium Division of Pathology ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) Bareilly Uttar Pradesh India Department of Livestock Services Animal Quarantine Office-Kathmandu Budhanilkantha Kathmandu Nepal Parasitology Department of Paraclinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Norwegian University of Life Sciences ?s Norway One Government Drive Saint Louis Zoo Institute for Conservation Medicine St. Louis USA Groupe de Recherche en épidémiologie des Zoonoses et Santé Publique (GREZOSP) Faculté de médecine vétérinaire Université de Montréal Saint-Hyacinthe Québec Canada Centre de recherche en santé publique de l Université de Montréal et du CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l’?le-de-Montréal Montréal Québec Canada Department of Immunology Aggeu Magalh?es Institute Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz) Recife Brazil School of Global Health Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai People’s Republic of China Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Bari Valenzano Italy Department of Pathobiology Faculty of Veterinary Science Bu-Ali Sina University Hamedan Iran Natural Resources Institute University of Greenwich Chatham Maritime UK International Livestock Research Institute Nairobi Kenya Director of Key Laboratory of Animal Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Beijing People’s Republic of China Institute of Animal Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing People’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network O

Background Despite the increasing focus on strengthening One Health capacity building on global level, challenges remain in devising and implementing real-world interventions particularly in the Asia-Pacific region. Recognizing these gaps, the One Health Action Commission (OHAC) was established as an academic community for One Health action with an emphasis on research agenda setting to identify actions for highest impact.Main text This viewpoint describes the agenda of, and motivation for, the recently formed OHAC. Recognizing the urgent need for evidence to support the formulation of necessary action plans, OHAC advocates the adoption of both bottom-up and top-down approaches to identify the current gaps in combating zoonoses, antimicrobial resistance, addressing food safety, and to enhance capacity building for context-sensitive One Health implementation.Conclusions By promoting broader engagement and connection of multidisciplinary stakeholders, OHAC envisions a collaborative global platform for the generation of innovative One Health knowledge, distilled practical experience and actionable policy advice, guided by strong ethical principles of One Health.

关键词： One Health Global Health One Health Action Commission Research agenda

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Monoclonal antibody and its use in the diagnosis of livestock diseases

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2013年第4期4卷 50-62页

作者： Rajib Deb Sandip Chakraborty Belamaranahlly Veeregowda Amit Kumar Verma Ruchi Tiwari kuldeep dhama Animal Resource Development Department Pt. Nehru Complex Agartala India Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishvidhyalaya Ewam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU) Mathura India Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishvidhyalaya Ewam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU) Mathura India Division of Pathology Indian Veterinary Research Institute Bareilly India Scientist Division of Animal Genetics & Breeding Project Directorate on Cattle (ICAR) Meerut India Veterinary College Bengaluru India

Since the discovery of hybridoma cells by Kohler and Milstein, the uses of monoclonal antibody (mAb), the protein produced by such cells are in vogue. Such antibodies with single isotype have higher specificity, and the serological tests employed in show higher reproducibility compared to those with use of polyclonal antisera. There are several procedures of mAb production which vary considerably but the principle remains the same which states that antigens introduced into animals generally result in the stimulation of lymphocytes, some of which produce antibody of only one type, although the isotype may change. The developments in the field of cell culture and transfection technology have lead to the production of improved qualities of mAbs. In general, monoclonal antibodies are important reagents used in biomedical research, such as, in the field of diagnostics and therapeutics as well as targeted drug delivery systems. They have got importance not only for infectious diseases caused by microbes and parasites, but also for cancer, metabolic and hormonal disorders, in the diagnosis of lymphoid and myeloid malignancies and tissue typing, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (especially blocking ELISA), radio immunoassay (RIA), serotyping of pathogens and their immunological intervention with passive antibody, anti-idiotype inhibition or magic bullet therapy with cytotoxic agents coupled with antimouse specific antibody. The application of mAbs in diagnosis of various livestock diseases is an important area of concern as these diseases are a major and increasingly important factor reducing livestock productivity in various parts of the world. In this context, the application of mAbs for diagnosis of important bacterial diseases viz., Anthrax, Brucellosis, Paratuberculosis, Leptospirosis, Listeriosis, Clostridial infections and Mycoplasmosis (CBPP), fungal diseases viz., Zygomycosis, Cryptococcosis, Histoplasmosis and Paracoccidiodomycosis, viral diseases viz., Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), Infectious bovine r

关键词： Antibody Cell Engineering Diagnosis Livestock Microbes Monoclonal Parasites

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Survival mechanisms of <i>Mycobacterium avium</i>subspecies <i>paratuberculosis</i>within host species and in the environment—A review

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Natural Science 2013年第6期5卷 710-723页

作者： Shoor Vir Singh Ajay Vir Singh Avnish Kumar Pravin Kumar Singh Rajib Deb Amit Kumar Verma Amit Kumar Ruchi Tiwari Sandip Chakraborty kuldeep dhama Animal Genetics and Breeding Project Directorate on Cattle Indian Council of Agricultural Research Meerut India Animal Resource Development Department Pt. Nehru Complex Agartala India Department of Microbiology & Immunology Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU) Mathura India Department of Veterinary Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vi- gyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU) Mathura India Division of Pathology Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) Bareilly India Microbiology Laboratory Animal Health Division Central Institute for Research on Goats (CIRG) Mathura India National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases (NJIL and OMD) Agra India

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis causes chronic inflammation of the intestine known as Johne’s disease (JD) in domestic and wild ruminants including primates. MAP has also been associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) so called Crohn’s disease (CD) of human beings, which is incurable even after surgery. By virtue of the pasteurization resistant power, high endemicity of the infection in animals continues to be the permanent source of infection to human population. High bio-burden of MAP in wide range of biotic (animal hosts including human beings) and abiotic environment in each and every country where it has been investigated, serves a reminder about the survival abilities of the MAP in diverse range of environmental conditions. Ability of the MAP to evade immune system of the host and the temporal events during infection of the macro-phages, is an area of major concern and research activities as the pattern of distribution are quiet different from those of other pathogenic intracellular organisms. Moreover, the organism can survive over a wide range of environmental conditions such as high and low environmental temperatures, pasteurization, low pH, and high salt concentration etc. This superior survival efficiency from environmental degradation and dormancy within host allows the pathogen to be available for causing disease and pathogenicity in animals and human beings, when conditions are favorable. Perusal of literature reveal that, despite the availability of whole genome sequence of MAP, a very little is known about the replication, persistence and survival mechanisms of this pathogen. Therefore, this review tries to address the survival mechanisms of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in the different host species and adverse environmental conditions in order to allow designing of more rational diagnostic and control procedures.

关键词： Paratuberculosis Johne’s Disease Reservoir Disease Survival MAP Animal

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