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An update–tissue engineered nerve grafts for the repair of peripheral nerve injuries

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第5期13卷 764-774页

作者： Nitesh p.patel kristopher A.Lyon Jason H.Huang Texas A&M College of Medicine Temple TX USA Department of Neurosurgery Baylor Scott & White Healthcare Temple TX USA

peripheral nerve injuries（pNI） are caused by a range of etiologies and result in a broad spectrum of disability. While nerve autografts are the current gold standard for the reconstruction of extensive nerve damage, the limited supply of autologous nerve and complications associated with harvesting nerve from a second surgical site has driven groups from multiple disciplines, including biomedical engineering, neurosurgery, plastic surgery, and orthopedic surgery, to develop a suitable or superior alternative to autografting. Over the last couple of decades, various types of scaffolds, such as acellular nerve grafts（ANGs）, nerve guidance conduits, and non-nervous tissues, have been filled with Schwann cells, stem cells, and/or neurotrophic factors to develop tissue engineered nerve grafts（TENGs）. Although these have shown promising effects on peripheral nerve regeneration in experimental models, the autograft has remained the gold standard for large nerve gaps. This review provides a discussion of recent advances in the development of TENGs and their efficacy in experimental models. Specifically, TENGs have been enhanced via incorporation of genetically engineered cells, methods to improve stem cell survival and differentiation, optimized delivery of neurotrophic factors via drug delivery systems（DDS）, co-administration of platelet-rich plasma（pRp）, and pretreatment with chondroitinase ABC（Ch-ABC）. Other notable advancements include conduits that have been bioengineered to mimic native nerve structure via cell-derived extracellular matrix（ECM） deposition, and the development of transplantable living nervous tissue constructs from rat and human dorsal root ganglia（DRG） neurons. Grafts composed of non-nervous tissues, such as vein, artery, and muscle, will be briefly discussed.

关键词： peripheral nerve injury peripheral nerve repair tissue engineered nerve graft nerve conduit stem cells Schwann cells dorsal root ganglia neurons axon stretch-growth autologous tissue graft

Evaluation of the updated definition of early allograft dysfunction in donation after brain death and donation after cardiac death liver allografts

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Hepatobiliary & pancreatic Diseases International 2012年第4期11卷 372-376页

作者： Kris p croome William Wall Douglas Quan Sai Vangala Vivian McAlister paul Marotta Roberto Hernandez-Alejandro Multi-Organ Transplant program London Health Sciences CentreThe University of Western OntarioLondonCanada Department of Surgery Division of General SurgeryThe University of Western OntarioLondonCanada Division of Gastroenterology The University of Western OntarioLondonCanada

BACKGROUND:An updated definition of early allograft dysfunction(EAD) was recently validated in a multicenter study of 300 deceased donor liver transplant *** analysis did not differentiate between donation after brain death(DBD) and donation after cardiac death(DCD) allograft ***:We reviewed our prospectively entered database for all DBD(n=377) and DCD(n=38) liver transplantations between January 1,2006 and October 30,*** incidence of EAD as well as its ability to predict graft failure and survival was compared between DBD and DCD ***:EAD was a valid predictor of both graft and patient survival at six months in DBD allograft recipients,but in DCD allograft recipients there was no significant difference in the rate of graft failure in those with EAD(11.5%) compared with those without EAD(16.7%)(p=0.664) or in the rate of death in recipients with EAD(3.8%) compared with those without EAD(8.3%)(p=0.565).The graft failure rate in the first 6 months in those with international normalized ratio ≥1.6 on day 7 who received a DCD allograft was 37.5% compared with 6.7% for those with international normalized ratio p=0.022).CONCLUSIONS:The recently validated definition of EAD is a valid predictor of patient and graft survival in recipients of DBD *** initial assessment,it does not appear to be a useful predictor of patient and graft survival in recipients of DCD allografts,however a study with a larger sample size of DCD allografts is needed to confirm these *** high ALT/AST levels in most recipients of DCD livers as well as the predisposition to biliary complications and early cholestasis make these parameters as poor predictors of graft *** alternative definition of EAD that gives greater weight to the INR on day 7 may be more relevant in this population.

关键词： donor risk index model for end-stage liver disease early allograft dysfunction donation after brain death

A comparison of survival and pathologic features of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatitis C virus patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第31期18卷 4145-4149页

作者： Roberto Hernandez-Alejandro Kris p croome Martin Drage Nathalie Sela Jeremy parfitt Natasha Chandok paul Marotta Cheryl Dale William Wall Douglas Quan Multi-Organ Transplant program Department of SurgeryLondon Health Sciences CentreOntario N6A 5A5Canada Department of pathology London Health Sciences CentreOntario N6A 5A5Canada

AIM:To compare the clinical outcome and pathologic features of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) and hepatitic C virus(HCV) patients with HCC(another group in which HCC is commonly seen) undergoing liver ***:patients transplanted for HCV and NASH at our institution from January 2000 to April 2011 were *** explanted liver histology and pre-transplant liver biopsies were examined by two specialist liver *** demographics,disease free survival,explant liver characteristics and HCC features(tumour number,cumulative tumour size,vascular invasion and differentiation) were compared between HCV and NASH liver transplant ***:A total of 102 patients with NASH and 283 patients with HCV were *** incidence of HCC in NASH transplant recipients was 16.7%(17/102).The incidence of HCC in HCV transplant recipients was 22.6%(64/283).patients with NASH-HCC were statistically older than HCV-HCC patients(p proportion of HCV-HCC patients had vascular invasion(23.4% vs 6.4%,p = 0.002) and poorly differentiated HCC(4.7% vs 0%,p pared to the NASH-HCC group.A trend of poorer recurrence free survival at 5 years was seen in HCV-HCC patients compared to NASH-HCC who underwent a Liver transplantation(p = 0.11).CONCLUSION:patients transplanted for NASH-HCC appear to have less aggressive tumour features compared to those with HCV-HCC,which likely in part accounts for their improved recurrence free survival.

关键词：丙型肝炎病毒肝细胞肝癌酒精性患者病理特点脂肪 NASH 组织学检查

Metabolite profile comparisons between ascending and descending colon tissue in healthy adults

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第3期26卷 335-352页

作者： Bridget A Baxter kristopher D parker Michael J Nosler Sangeeta Rao Rebecca Craig Catherine Seiler Elizabeth p Ryan Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsFort CollinsCO 80523United States University of Colorado Health Gastroenterology Clinic Fort CollinsCO 80524United States Department of Clinical Sciences Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523United States Harmony Surgery Center Fort CollinsCO 80528United States Director of Clinical Operations Harmony Surgery CenterFort CollinsCO 80523United States

BACKGROUND Obesity is a risk factor for colorectal cancer,yet metabolic distinctions between healthy right and left colon tissue,before cancer is diagnosed,remains largely *** study compared right-ascending and left-descending colon tissue metabolomes to identify differences from the stool metabolome in normal weight,overweight,and obese *** To examine right and left colon tissue metabolites according to body mass index that may serve as mechanistic targets for interventions and biomarkers for colon cancer *** Global,non-targeted metabolomics was applied to assess right-ascending and left-descending colon tissue collected from healthy adults undergoing screening colonoscopies to test the hypothesis that BMI differentially impacts colon tissue metabolite *** colon tissue and stool metabolome of healthy adults(n=24)was analyzed for metabolite signatures and metabolic pathway networks implicated in progression of colorectal *** Ascending and descending colon contained 504 host,food,and microbiotaderived metabolites from normal weight,overweight and obese adults grouped according to body mass *** acids,lipids,and nucleotides were among the chemical types that further differentiated from the stool metabolite *** weight adults had 46 significantly different metabolites between ascending and descending colon tissue locations,whereas there were 37 metabolite differences in overweight and 28 metabolite differences for obese adults(pprofile differences between right-ascending and leftdescending colon tissue in healthy *** lipids and other metabolites in

关键词： Colon Ascending Descending Metabolomics Obesity Stool

Crosstalk between CYp2E1 and ppARα substrates and agonists modulate adipose browning and obesity

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Acta pharmaceutica Sinica B 2022年第5期12卷 2224-2238页

作者： Youbo Zhang Tingting Yan Tianxia Wang Xiaoyan Liu Keisuke Hamada Dongxue Sun Yizheng Sun Yanfang Yang Jing Wang Shogo Takahashi Qiong Wang kristopher W.Krausz Changtao Jiang Cen Xie Xiuwei Yang Frank J.Gonzalez State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Natural Medicines School of Pharmaceutical SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100191China Laboratory of Metabolism Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD 20892USA School of Life Science and Engineering Lanzhou University of TechnologyLanzhou 730050China Department of physiology and pathophysiology School of Basic Medical SciencesPeking Universitythe Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular ScienceMinistry of EducationBeijing 100191China

Although the functions of metabolic enzymes and nuclear receptors in controlling physiological homeostasis have been established, their crosstalk in modulating metabolic disease has not been *** ablation of the xenobiotic-metabolizing cytochrome p450 enzyme CYp2 E1 in mice markedly induced adipose browning and increased energy expenditure to improve obesity. CYp2 E1 deficiency activated the expression of hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha(ppARa) target genes,including fibroblast growth factor(FGF) 21, that upon release from the liver, enhanced adipose browning and energy expenditure to decrease obesity. Nineteen metabolites were increased in Cyp2 e1-null mice as revealed by global untargeted metabolomics, among which four compounds, lysophosphatidylcholine and three polyunsaturated fatty acids were found to be directly metabolized by CYp2 E1 and to serve as ppARa agonists, thus explaining how CYp2 E1 deficiency causes hepatic ppARa activation through increasing cellular levels of endogenous ppARa agonists. Translationally, a CYp2 E1 inhibitor was found to activate the ppARa-FGF21-beige adipose axis and decrease obesity in wild-type mice, but not in liver-specific pparanull mice. The present results establish a metabolic crosstalk between ppARa and CYp2 E1 that supports the potential for a novel anti-obesity strategy of activating adipose tissue browning by targeting the CYp2 E1 to modulate endogenous metabolites beyond its canonical role in xenobiotic-metabolism.

关键词： CYp2E1 ppARa FGF21 Metabolic enzyme Nuclear receptor Obesity

Estimation of the power of the Anomalous Microwave Emission

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World Journal of Condensed Matter physics 2020年第3期10卷 105-117页

作者： kristopher T. pickens Giovanna Scarel Department of physics and Astronomy James Madison University Harrisonburg VA USA

Context and Background: The product of the electromagnetic (EM) wave’s power p times its period τ, i.e. pτ, is the amount of energy conserved in EM wave’s absorption in matter. Whether pτ is the amount of energy ... 详细信息

Context and Background: The product of the electromagnetic (EM) wave’s power P times its period τ, i.e. Pτ, is the amount of energy conserved in EM wave’s absorption in matter. Whether Pτ is the amount of energy conserved in the emission of EM waves from matter is not assessed. Motivation: In this research, we perform a computational study to explore the ability of Pτ pan>to represent the amount of energy conserved in EM wave’s emission from matter. Hypothesis: Since the magnitude of the power P of emitted EM waves computed through Larmor’s formula for a rotating dipole is excessively small, we alternatively hypothesize that Pτ and the law of conservation of energy can lead to a realistic estimation of P. Methods:pan style="font-family:Verda

关键词： Anomalous Microwave Emission Spinning Dust power of Emitted Radiation

Maternal Smoking During pregnancy and Sudden Infant Death Using the National Maternal and Infant Health Survey: A Case-Case Study

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2011年第3期2卷 318-324页

作者： Kathleen F Brookfield James D Wilkinson Barbara Luke kristopher Arheart Eleni Sfakianaki 不详

We utilized data from the National Maternal and Infant Health Survey (NMHIS) to analyze the risk of SIDS and other infant deaths among women who smoke during pregnancy adjusting for potentially modifiable risk factors such as secondhand smoke exposure and breastfeeding. The following variables were assessed with respect to risk for SIDS and other infant deaths: smoking exposure, level of education, infant and maternal age, infant and maternal birthweight, maternal BMI, gender, secondhand smoke exposure, breast feeding, prenatal vitamins, WIC, multiple gestation, sleep apnea monitor prescription, sleep apnea incidents and maternal alcohol use. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were performed to identify variables significantly associated with the odds of mortality from SIDS. Analysis utilized weighted estimates using SUDAAN 9.0.0 to adjust for design effects. A p-value pregnancy were 1.83 times more likely to give birth to an infant that died from SIDS versus some other cause of death, OR (95%) = 1.83(1.33, 2.51). Other Race infants and Black infants were more likely to suffer SIDS mortality than White infants, but the result was not significant in the final model. Other modifiable risk factors, such as secondhand smoke exposure and breast feeding, were not significant predictors of SIDS mortality. Independent of sociodemographic variables and other potential risk factors for SIDS death, maternal smoking was associated with an increased risk of SIDS death versus other death. This study highlights the importance of screening all pregnant women for tobacco use and emphasizes the importance of smoking cessation to decrease the risk of infant death from SIDS.

关键词： Sudden Infant Death Smoking pregnancy passive Smoking Breastfeeding

Arterial vs venous blood gas differences during hemorrhagic shock

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World Journal of Critical Care Medicine 2014年第2期3卷 55-60页

作者： kristopher Burton Williams Ashley Britton Christmas Brant Todd Heniford Ronald Fong Sing Joseph Messick Department of Surgery Carolinas Health Care System

AIM: To characterize differences of arterial(ABG) and venous(VBG) blood gas analysis in a rabbit model of hemorrhagic shock. METHODS: Following baseline arterial and venous blood gas analysis, fifty anesthetized, ventilated New Zealand white rabbits were hemorrhaged to and maintained at a mean arterial pressure of 40 mm Hg until a state of shock was obtained, as defined by arterial p H ≤ 7.2 and base deficit ≤-15 mmol/L. Simultaneous ABG and VBG were obtained at 3 minute intervals. Comparisons of p H, base deficit, p CO2, and arteriovenous(a-v) differences were then made between ABG and VBG at baseline and shock states. Statistical analysis was applied where appropriate with a significance of p pected loss occurred. Significant differences were noted between baseline and shock states in blood gases for the following parameters: p H was significantly decreased in both arterial(7.39 ± 0.12 to 7.14 ± 0.18) and venous blood gases(7.35 ± 0.15 to 6.98 ± 0.26, p p p CO2 trends(baseline to shock) demonstrated a decrease in arterial blood(40.0 ± 9.1 mm Hg vs 28.9 ± 7.1 mm Hg) but an increase in venous blood(46.0 ± 10.1 mm Hg vs 62.8 ± 15.3 mm Hg), although these trends were non-significant. For calculated arteriovenous differences between baseline and shock states, only the p CO2 difference was shown to be significant during ***: In this rabbit model, significant differences exist in blood gas measurements for arterial and venous blood after hemorrhagic shock. A widened p CO2 a-v difference during hemorrhage, reflective of poor tissue oxygenation, may be a better indicator of impending shock.

关键词： Hemorrhagic shock pH Base deficit Arterial blood gases Venous blood gases

Cytochrome p450 metabonomics: The search for endogenous biomarkers

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Cytochrome P450 metabonomics: The search for endogenous biom...