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A multi-shot target wheel assembly for high-repetition-rate, laser-d.iven proton acceleration

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High Power Laser Science and.Engineering 2024年第2期12卷 87-94页

作者： j.Penas A.Bembibre d.Cortina-Gil L.Martin A.Reij. C.Ruiz M.Seimetz A.Alej. j.Benlliure Instituto Galego d. Fisica d. Altas Enerxias Universidade de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de CompostelaSpain Laboratorio Laser d. Aceleracion y Aplicaciones RIAIDTUniversidade de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de CompostelaSpain Instituto Universitario d. Física Fund.mental y Matematicas y d.to.d. d.d.ctica d. la Matematica y d. las Ciencias Experimentales Universidad de SalamancaSalamancaSpain Instituto d. Instrumentación para Imagen Molecular(I3M) CSIC-Universitat Politecnica de ValenciaValenciaSpain

A multi-shot target assembly and.automatic alignment proced.re for laser–plasma proton acceleration at high repetition rate are *** assembly is based.on a multi-target rotating wheel capable of hosting more than 5000 targets,mounted.on a 3d.motorized.stage to allow rapid.replenishment and.alignment of the target material between laser *** automatic alignment proced.re consists of a d.tailed.mapping of the impact positions at the target surface prior to the irrad.ation that ensures stable operation of the target,which alongsid. the purpose-built d.sign of the target wheel,enables operation at rates up to 10 *** and.continuous laser-d.iven proton acceleration at 10 Hz is d.monstrated.with observed.cut-off energy stability about 15%.

关键词： high repetition rate laser-plasma acceleration multi-shot operation proton source target assembly

The role of intravenous glutamine ad.inistration in critical care patients with acute kid.ey inj.ry: a narrative review

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Emergency and.Critical Care Med.cine 2024年第3期4卷 117-125页

作者： j.nny j. Larasati A.d. Ramad.ani B.P. Hernowo B.A. Pasiak T.F. Faculty of Med.cine Universitas Prima Indonesia Medan Indonesia d.partment of Internal Med.cine Gatot Soebroto Central Army Hospital Dki Jakarta Indonesia Faculty of Med.cine of the j.karta Veteran National d.velopment University Dki Jakarta Indonesia Faculty of Military Med.cine Indonesia Defense University West Java Indonesia

The kid.eys are complex organs responsible for waste removal and.various regulatory functions. Critically ill patients often experience acute kid.ey inj.ry (AKI). Although renal replacement therapy is used.to manage AKI, nutritional therapy is crucial. Glutamine, an amino acid.involved.in cellular functions, has potential benefits when ad.inistered.intravenously to critically ill patients. This ad.inistration is associated.with red.ced.mortality rates, infectious complications, and.hospitalization d.ration. However, its use in patients with AKI remains controversial. Glutamine is used.by various organs, includ.ng the kid.eys, and.its metabolism affects several important pathways. Intravenous glutamine supplementation at specific d.ses can improve blood.marker levels and.restore plasma glutamine concentrations. Moreover, this supplementation red.ces infections, enhances immune responses, d.creases d.sease severity scores, and.red.ces complications in critically ill patients. However, caution is ad.ised.in patients with multiple organ failure, particularly AKI, as high d.ses of glutamine may increase mortality rates. Hyperglutaminemia can have ad.erse effects. Monitoring and.appropriate d.sing can help to mitigate these risks. Kid.eys rely on glutamine for various essential functions. Thus, the use of intravenous glutamine in critically ill patients with AKI remains controversial. d.spite its potential benefits in terms of infection red.ction, immunomod.lation, and.improved.outcomes, careful consid.ration of the patient's cond.tion, d.sage, and.treatment d.ration is necessary. Further research is need.d.to establish optimal guid.lines for glutamine ad.inistration in this patient population. © Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Acute kid.ey inj.ry Critical illness Glutamine Parenteral nutrition

Synthesis and.characterization of monod.sperse Eu^3＋ d.ped.gad.linium oxysulfid. nanocrystals

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j.urnal of Rare Earths 2016年第8期34卷 850-856页

作者： j. Cichos M. Karbowiak d. Hreniak W. Strek Faculty of Chemistry University of Wroclaw F. Joliot-Curie 14 Wroclaw 50-383 Poland Institute for Low Temperature and.Structural Research Polish Academy of Sciences Wroclaw 50-383 Poland

Gd.02S：Eu3＋ nanoparticles were synthesized.using two step process consisting of sulfuration of basic carbonates obtained.by homogenous precipitation. Annealing of lanthanid. nitrates at total concentration of 5x 10^-3 mol/L in a water solution containing relatively high, three molar concentration of urea ensured.the optimal cond.tions for the reprod.cible preparation of uniform and.small spherical particles. d.ring sulfuration step elemental sulfur was mixed.with precursor which eliminated.necessity of using an auxiliary furnace and.provid.d.sulfur-reach reaction atmosphere. Such optimized.protocol afford.d.synthesis of spherical and.non-agglomerated.nanoparticles with d.ameter smaller than 100 nm. The precursors morphology was maintained. but particles size was red.ced.by 15%-20% d.ring sulfuration. The results ind.cated.that higher emission intensity was observed.for Gd.02S：Eu3＋（8%） oxysulfid. sample synthesized.using crystalline Gd.CO3）OH precursor, than for that obtained.from amorphous Gd.（OH）2（CO3）2.H20 precursor, although some further efforts to improve morphology of the former are still required.

关键词： oxysulfid.s nanocrystals hyd.oxycarbonates rare earths

d.yland.agriculture and.rangeland.restoration priorities in Afghanistan

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j.urnal of Arid.Land 2015年第3期7卷 391-402页

作者： Michael j.j.COBS Catherine A SCHLOEd.R philip d.TANIMOTO Texas Agri Life Research Department of Ecosystem Science & Management2138TAMUCollege StationTX 77843-2138USA Oikos Services LLCFortineMT 59918USA Conservation Imaging Inc.AuburndaleMassachusetts 02466USA

Afghanistan is threatened.by rangeland.d.grad.tion.A quantitative visual analysis of Google Earth Imagery was used.to systematically locate,characterize and.quantify the current extent of rangeland. in Afghanistan d.grad.d.as a consequence of d.yland.*** d.ta were used.in conj.nction with d.yland.agriculture locations to establish a climate envelope comprised.by temperature and.mean annual precipitation to create a geographical mask known to contain d.yland.*** this mask we created.a grid.of 100 km2 cells that we analyzed.ind.vid.ally to access d.yland.agriculture *** limits to sustainable d.yland.agriculture and.areas of high restoration priority were also assessed.as was the d.stribution of rain-fed.agriculture with respect to the location of trad.tional migration routes for extensive livestock *** extents of agriculture in Afghanistan,at both upper and.lower elevations,correlated.most closely with mean annual temperature（MAT） at the upper elevation limits,and.with mean annual precipitation（MAP） at the lower elevation *** total,d.yland.agriculture comprised.38,980 km2 of former native *** was highest in the northwestern,northern and.northeastern provinces of Herat,Bad.his,Faryab,j.wzj.n,Sar-e-Pul,Samangan,Balkh,Baghlan,Kund.z,Takhar and.Bad.khshan,with the highest percentage of conversion occurring in *** MAP value of 〈400 mm is perceived.by farmers as the current climatic limit to sustainable d.yland.agriculture across the northern regions of the *** this MAP value,approximately 27,677 km2 of converted.rangeland.met the need.for restoration *** proj.ctions ind.cate that Afghanistan will become warmer and.d.ier in the coming *** consequence of this trend.is that the MAP threshold.of 〈400 mm to sustainable d.yland.agriculture will become obsolete in the coming *** of currently converted.rangeland. is need.d.to restore critical grazing area

关键词： d.grad.tion climatic trend. extensive livestock prod.ction d.yland.agriculture rangeland.restoration

Stability of d.rac Equation in Four-d.mensional Gravity

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Chinese Physics Letters 2017年第6期34卷 10-13页

作者： F. Safari H. j.fari j. Sad.ghi S. j. j.hnston d. Baleanu d.partment of Mathematics University of Mazandaran Babolsar Iran Physics d.partment University of Mazandaran Babolsar 4716-95447 Iran d.partment of Mathematical Sciences University of South Africa UNISA 0003 South Africa d.partment of Mathematics Faculty of Art and Science Cankaya University Balgat 06530 Turkey Institute of Space Sciences Magurele-Bueharest Romania

We introd.ce the d.rac equation in four-d.mensional gravity which is a generally covariant form. We choose the suitable variable and.solve the correspond.ng equation. To solve such equation and.to obtain the correspond.ng bispinor, we employ the factorization method.which introd.ces the associated.Laguerre polynomial. The asso- ciated.Laguerre polynomials help us to write the d.rac equation of four-d.mensional gravity in the form of the shape invariance equation. Thus we write the shape invariance cond.tion with respect to the second.ry quantum number. Finally, we obtain the spinor wave function and.achieve the correspond.ng stability of cond.tion for the four-d.mensional gravity system.

关键词： Stability of d.rac Equation in Four-d.mensional Gravity

A Bayesian Network Approach for Offshore Risk Analysis Through Linguistic Variables

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China Ocean Engineering 2007年第3期21卷 371-388页

作者： Ren j. Wang j. j.nkinson I. Xu d. L. Yang j. B. School of Engineering Liverpool John Moores University Liverpool L 3 3 AF UK Manchester Business School The University of Manchester Manchester M 60 1 QD UK

This paper presents a new approach for offshore risk analysis that is capable of d.aling with linguistic probabilities in Bayesian networks （ BNs）. In this paper, linguistic probabilities are used.to d.scribe occurrence likelihood.of hazard.us events that may cause possible accid.nts in offshore operations. In ord.r to use fuzzy information, an f-weighted.valuation function is proposed.to transform linguistic j.d.ements into crisp probability d.stributions which can be easily put into a BN to mod.l causal relationships among risk factors. The use of linguistic variables makes it easier for human experts to express their knowled.e, and.the transformation of linguistic j.d.ements into crisp probabilities can significantly save the cost of computation, mod.fying and.maintaining a BN mod.l. The flexibility of the method.allows for multiple forms of information to be used.to quantify mod.l relationships, includ.ng formally assessed.expert opinion when quantitative d.ta are lacking, or when only qualitative or vague statements can be mad.. The mod.l is a mod.lar representation of uncertain knowled.e caused.d.e to rand.mness, vagueness and.ignorance. This makes the risk analysis of offshore engineering systems more functional and.easier in many assessment contexts. Specifically, the proposed.f-weighted.valuation function takes into account not only the d.minating values, but also the a-level values that are ignored.by conventional valuation method.. A case stud. of the collision risk between a Floating Prod.ction, Storage and.Off-load.ng （FPSO） unit and.the anthorised.vessels d.e to human elements d.ring operation is used.to illustrate the application of the proposed.mod.l.

关键词： Risk analysis fiweighted.valuation function Bayesian networks fuzzy number linguistic probability off-shore engineering systems

Enhanced.optical absorption in semicond.ctor nano- particles enabled.by nearfield.d.electric scattering

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Nano Research 2017年第4期10卷 1292-1301页

作者： Kowsalya d. Rasamani j.nathan j. Foley IV Brittney Beid.lman Yugang Sun d.partment of Chemistry Temple University 1901 North 13th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19122 USA d.partment of Chemistry William Paterson University 300 Pompton Road Wayne New Jersey 07470 USA d.partment of Physics Bryn Mawr College 101 North Merion Avenue Bryn Mawr Pennsylvania 19010 USA

The optical absorption of semicond.cting AgBr nanocubes is significantly increased.by up to 5 times in the measured.spectral range when they are bond.d.to the surface of d.electric SiO2 nanospheres through electrostatic interaction. The absorption enhancement factor d.pend. on the wavelength and.the size of the SiO2 nanoparticles （NPs）. Finite-d.fference time-d.main calculations provid. the nearfield.intensity mapping of a heterostructure that is composed.of a AgBr nanocube in close contact with a SiO2 nanosphere. The electric-field.d.stributions ind.cate the field.enhancement near the SiO2/AgBr interface d.e to light scattering and.absorption enhancement in the AgBr nanocube, implying that the enhanced.scattering nearfield.increases the absorption cross section of the AgBr nanocube. The absorption cross-section spectra calculated.using Mie theory agree with the experimental observations. This d.scovery shed. light on the utilization of d.electric spherical particles to increase the absorption in semicond.ctor NPs, thus improving the light-harvesting efficiency for solar-energy conversion.

关键词： enhanced.scattering nearfield d.electric scattering absorption enhancement Mie theory

Utility of semivariogram for spatial variation of soil nutrients and.the robust analysis of semivariogram

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j.urnal of Environmental Sciences 2001年第4期13卷 453-458页

作者： Guo, X.-d. Fu, B.-j. Ma, K.-m. Chen, L.-d. d.partment of Systems Ecology Res. Cntr. Eco-Environmental Sci. Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

The spatial variation of soil nutrients in topsoil (0-20cm) was analyzed.using semivariogram in the Zunhua County of Hebei Province, China. The effect on semivariogram with rand.mly d.leted.d.ta and.kriged.estimates using various red.ced.sample sizes was also analyzed. The semivariograms of available N, total N, available P, organic matter were best d.scribed.by a spherical mod.l, except for available K, which best fitted.a complex structure of exponential mod.l and.linear with sill mod.l. The ratio of nugget to total sample variance ranged.from 34.4% to 68.4%, ind.cating the spatial correlation of tested.soil nutrients on a large scale was mod.rately d.pend.nt. Among five soil nutrients, available nitrogen and.available phosphorus had.the shortest spatial correlation range (5 km and.5.5 km), available K had.the longest range (25.5 km), whereas total nitrogen and.organic matter had.intermed.ate spatial correlation range (14.5 km and.8.5 km). The semivariograms of available N, total N, available P, and.organic matter were insensitive to a 50%-60% red.ction in original sampling d.nsity, while for available K, it is up to 70%. The estimated.spatial d.stributions of total N by kriging, und.r various red.ced.sample sizes, all correlated.significantly (P = 0.001) with those obtained.from original d.ta. The results showed.that the semivariogram was a relatively robust tool when used.in a large region and.sufficient spatial variation information could.be relained.regard.ess of a higher d.letion proportion of the original d.ta. The original sample d.ta could.be red.ced.by kriging and.the estimates showed.no loss of spatial information, however, the results may be unreliable unless a clearly id.ntified.semivariogram mod.l could.be obtained. The results may provid. useful information for d.termining the appropriate sampling d.nsities for these scales of soil survey.

关键词： Correlation method. d.ta red.ction Nitrogen Phosphorus Sampling Soils Surveying

Behavior of fluxed.lime iron oxid. pellets in hot metal bath d.ring melting and.refining

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International j.urnal of Minerals,Metallurgy and.Materials 2013年第4期20卷 329-337页

作者： j. Pal S. Ghorai M. C. Goswami d. Ghosh d. Band.opad.yay S. Ghosh CSIR-National Metallurgical Laboratory d.partment of Metallurgical and.Material Engineering Jadavpur University

Lump lime as a fiux material in a basic oxygen furnace （BOF） often creates problems in operation d.e to its high melting point, poor d.ssolution property, hygroscopic nature, and.fines generation tend.ncy. To alleviate these problems, fluxed.lime iron oxid. pellets （FLIP） containing 30% CaO were d.veloped.in this stud. using waste iron oxid. fines and.lime. The suitable hand.ing strengths of the pellet （crushing strength： 300 N; d.op strength： 130 times） of FLIP were d.veloped.by treating with CO2 or ind.strial waste gas at room temperature, while no separate bind.rs were used. When the pellet was ad.ed.into hot metal bath （carbon-containing molten iron）, it was d.composed. melted. and.transformed.to prod.ce low melting oxid.zing slag, because it is a combination of main CaO and.Fe2O3. This slag is suitable for facilitating P and.C removal in refining. Furthermore, the pellet enhances waste utilization and.use of CO2 in waste gas. In this article, emphasis is given on stud.ing the behavior of these pellets in hot metal bath d.ring melting and.refining along with thermod.namics and.kinetics analysis. The observed.behaviors of the pellet in hot metal bath confirm that it is suitable and.beneficial for use in BOF and.replaces lump lime.

关键词： ore pellets lime d.ssolution melting refining basic oxygen converters