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Omics approaches in asthma research:Challenges and opportunities

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Chinese Medical Journal Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine 2024年第1期2卷 1-9页

作者： Molin Yue Shiyue Tao kristina Gaietto Wei Chen Department of Biostatistics School of Public HealthUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15224USA Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine UPMC Children’s Hospital of PittsburghUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15224USA

Asthma,a chronic respiratory disease with a global prevalence of approximately 300 million individuals,presents a significant societal and economic burden.This multifaceted syndrome exhibits diverse clinical phenotypes and pathogenic endotypes influenced by various factors.The advent of omics technologies has revolutionized asthma research by delving into the molecular foundation of the disease to unravel its underlying mechanisms.Omics technologies are employed to systematically screen for potential biomarkers,encompassing genes,transcripts,methylation sites,proteins,and even the microbiome components.This review provides an insightful overview of omics applications in asthma research,with a special emphasis on genetics,transcriptomics,epigenomics,and the microbiome.We explore the cutting-edge methods,discoveries,challenges,and potential future directions in the realm of asthma omics research.By integrating multi-omics and non-omics data through advanced sta-tistical techniques,we aspire to advance precision medicine in asthma,guiding diagnosis,risk assessment,and personalized treatment strategies for this heterogeneous condition.

关键词： Asthma Genomics Transcriptomics Epigenomics Metagenomics Multi-omics integration

晚发性结直肠癌患者亲属的结肠镜筛查时间间隔:一项全国性匹配队列研究

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Science Bulletin 2024年第6期69卷 732-736页

作者：梁群风 kristina Sundquist Jan Sundquist Hermann Brenner Elham Kharazmi Mahdi Fallah Division of Preventive Oncology National Center for Tumor DiseasesGerman Cancer Research CenterHeidelberg 69120Germany Medical Faculty Heidelberg Heidelberg UniversityHeidelberg 69120Germany Center for Primary Health Care Research Lund UniversityMalmö20213Sweden Department of Family Medicine and Community Health Department of Population Health Science and PolicyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA Center for Community-based Healthcare Research and Education Department of Functional PathologySchool of MedicineShimane UniversityIzumo 693-8501Japan Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research German Cancer Research CenterHeidelberg 69120Germany German Cancer Consortium German Cancer Research CenterHeidelberg 69120Germany Institute of Primary Health Care University of BernBern 3012Switzerland

Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a major global cancer burden,ranking third in terms of incidence,but second in terms of mortality[1].Early detection of CRC through screening combined with subsequent removal of polyps remains a predominant strategy for CRC prevention.Family history is a known risk factor for CRC[2-4].However,only a few screening guidelines provide recommendations for individuals with familial CRC risk[5].

关键词：队列研究时间间隔晚发性

Development of a Proof-of-Concept Multi-Method Computer Simulation to Support Rural Healthcare Disaster Preparedness Planning

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2024年第3期15卷 346-358页

作者： Thomas A.Berg kristina W.Kintziger Julie Suzuki Crumly Scott A.Lawson Carole R.Myers Tracey T.Stansberry College of Nursing University of Tennessee Knoxville Department of Environmental Agricultural and Occupational Health University of Nebraska Medical Center Public Health and Healthcare Oak Ridge Associated Universities

Due to a lack of resources, rural communities often face challenges when planning catastrophic events. This project involved applying systems thinking and model-based systems engineering to develop a proof-of-concept, multi-method computer simulation and then determining whether the simulation could be used to assess the efficacy of disaster planning approaches on health outcomes in rural communities, as a function of primary healthcare. The project focus was a rural or non-urban healthcare system experiencing a natural hazard. Both system dynamics and discrete event models were incorporated to represent subsystem operations, crucial disaster responses, as well as three key response systems: public health, emergency management, and healthcare. The subsystem models included several components: policies/procedures, communications,resources, exercises/drills/training, healthcare space and staff, and the flow of affected people into and through the system.The combined simulation can serve as a first step to a more comprehensive approach to helping rural communities achieve more efficient and effective healthcare planning for disaster responses.

关键词： Computer simulation Disaster preparedness Model-based systems engineering Rural healthcare System dynamics model Systems thinking

Retrospective review of total neoadjuvant therapy

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2019年第10期11卷 857-865页

作者： Laila Babar Veli Bakalov Stephen Abel Obaid Ashraf Gene Grant Finley Moses S Raj kristina lundeen Dulabh K Monga Alexander V Kirichenko Rodney E Wegner Department of Internal Medicine Allegheny General HospitalPittsburghPA 15212United States Department of Radiation Oncology Allegheny General HospitalPittsburghPA 15212United States Department of Medical Oncology Allegheny General HospitalPittsburghPA 15212United States

BACKGROUND Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy(nCRT)followed by resection and postoperative multi-agent chemotherapy(maChT)is the standard of care for locally advanced rectal cancer.Using this approach,maChT administration can be delayed for several months,leading to concern for distant metastases.To counteract this,a novel treatment approach known as total neoadjuvant therapy(TNT)has gained popularity,in which patients receive both maChT and nCRT prior to resection.We utilized the National Cancer Database to examine temporal trends in TNT usage,and any potential effect on survival.AIM To study the temporal trends in the usage of TNT and evaluate its efficacy compared to neoadjuvant chemoradiation.METHODS We queried the National Cancer Database for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer,Stage II-III,from 2004-2015 treated with nCRT or TNT.TNT was defined as maChT initiated≥90 d prior to nCRT initiation.Overall survival was calculated from the date of diagnosis to the date of last contact or death using Kaplan-Meier curves to present the cumulative probability of survival,with logrank statistics to assess significance.Multivariable cox regression was used to identify predictors of survival and propensity score analysis accounted for bias.RESULTS We identified 9066 eligible patients,with 8812 and 254 patients receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by maChT and TNT,respectively.Nodal involvement,stage III disease,and treatment in recent years were predictive of TNT use.There was greater use of TNT with more advanced stage,specifically>1 node involved(odds ratio[OR]=2.88,95%confidence interval[CI]:2.11-3.93,P<0.01)and stage III disease(OR=2.88,95%CI:2.11-3.93,P<0.01).From 2010 to 2012 the use of TNT increased(OR=2.41,95%CI:1.27-4.56,P<0.01)with a greater increase from 2013 to 2015(OR=6.62,95%CI:3.57-12.25,P<0.01).Both the TNT and neoadjuvant chemoradiation arms had a similar 5-year survival at 76%and 78%respectively.Multivariable analysis with propensity score demonstrated that increased age,high comorbidity s

关键词： Total neoadjuvant therapy Neoadjuvant chemoradiation Multi-agent chemotherapy Locally advanced rectal cancer National cancer database Colorectal cancer Retrospective review Gastrointestinal oncology Temporal trends Surgical excision

Sounds of the Seasons

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小学生时代（大嘴英语） 2024年第1期 26-29页

作者： Lisa Varchol Perron kristina Swarner(图) 不详

大家好,我是新一任主编小助理,来自浙江省海宁市紫微小学。我喜欢英语,爱画画,爱写作,还会弹钢琴、跳舞、主持……

关键词：浙江省海宁市弹钢琴小学

Supporting tumor therapy by exercise:boosting T cell immunity by myokines

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2022年第9期7卷 3177-3178页

作者： kristina Gebhardt Karsten Kruger Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy Justus-Liebig-University of GiessenGiessenGermany

In a recent study published in Cancer Cell,Kurz et al.reported how exercise induces inhibitory effects on tumor growth by immuno-logical processes.1The investigation of these mechanisms is particularly signifcant beca... 详细信息

关键词： immunity al. cancer.

Giant-Size Main Pulmonary Artery Aneurysm in an Adult Patient with Ebstein Anomaly and Dextrocardia

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Congenital Heart Disease 2023年第2期18卷 207-212页

作者： kristina Krzelj Irena Ivanac Vranesic kristina Maric Besic Zeljko Duric Darko Anic Department of Cardiac Surgery University Hospital Centre ZagrebZagrebCroatia Department of Cardiovascular Diseases University Hospital Centre ZagrebZagrebCroatia

Main pulmonary artery aneurysms are rare,mostly asymptomatic and discovered accidentally.The main pulmonary artery aneurysms may be idiopathic or secondary to underlying diseases such as pulmonary hypertension,Behcet’s disease,connective tissue disorders,congenital heart disease,vasculitis,syphilis,tuberculosis and endocarditis.There are some indices that dextrocardia is associated with anomalies of the pulmonary arteries and pulmonary valve.A rare occurrence of main pulmonary artery aneurysms results in a lack of recommendations,so the remaining challenges are whether main pulmonary artery aneurysms should be treated,how,and when.The decision on surgical intervention or conservative treatment of the main pulmonary artery aneurysms depends on its size,etiology and accompanying diseases and includes a multidisciplinary heart team.Our case of the main pulmonary artery aneurysm and pulmonary valve abnormality associated with Ebstein anomaly and dextrocardia in a 67-year-old male patient brings causality considerations and treatment options in such a unique condition.

关键词： Pulmonary artery aneurysm dextrocardia Ebstein anomaly

Dissecting Psychiatric Heterogeneity and Comorbidity with Core Region-Based Machine Learning

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神经科学通报:英文版 2023年第8期39卷 1309-1326页

作者： Qian Lv kristina Zeljic Shaoling Zhao Jiangtao Zhang Jianmin Zhang Zheng Wang School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental HealthIDG/McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchPeking-Tsinghua Center for Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China School of Health and Psychological Sciences CityUniversity of LondonLondon EC1V 0HBUK Institute of Neuroscience State Key Laboratory of NeuroscienceCAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200031China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 101408China Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province(Zhejiang Mental Health Center) Zhejiang Ofce of Mental HealthHangzhou 310012China School of Biomedical Engineering Hainan UniversityHaikou 570228China

Machine learning approaches are increasingly being applied to neuroimaging data from patients with psychiatric disorders to extract brain-based features for diagnosis and prognosis.The goal of this review is to discuss recent practices for evaluating machine learning applications to obsessive-compulsive and related disorders and to advance a novel strategy of building machine learning models based on a set of core brain regions for better performance,interpretability,and generalizability.Specifically,we argue that a core set of co-altered brain regions(namely‘core regions’)comprising areas central to the underlying psychopathology enables the efficient construction of a predictive model to identify distinct symptom dimensions/clusters in individual patients.Hypothesis-driven and data-driven approaches are further introduced showing how core regions are identified from the entire brain.We demonstrate a broadly applicable roadmap for leveraging this core set-based strategy to accelerate the pursuit of neuroimaging-based markers for diagnosis and prognosis in a variety of psychiatric disorders.

关键词： Psychiatric disorders Obsessive-compulsive disorder Core region Magnetic resonance imaging Machine learning Neuroimaging-based diagnosis

Operando electrochemical SERS monitors nanoparticle reactions by capping agent fingerprints

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Nano Research 2022年第5期15卷 4517-4524页

作者： Kevin Wonner Steffen Murke Serena RAlfarano Pouya Hosseini Martina Havenith kristina Tschulik Chair of Analytical Chemistry Ⅱ Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr University BochumBochum 44801Germany Chair of Physical Chemistry Ⅱ Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr University BochumBochum 44801Germany

Nanomaterials are frequently employed in daily life goods,including health,textile,and food industry.A comprehensive picture is lacking on the role of the capping agents,added ligand molecules,in case of nanoparticle reactions and degradation in aqueous solutions,like surface waters or biofluids.Here,we aim to elucidate the capping agent influence on nanoparticle reactivity probing two commonly employed capping agents citrate and polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP).Their influence on silver nanoparticle(AgNP)transformation is studied,which is particularly important due to its application as an antimicrobial agent.We induce oxidation and reduction processes of AgNPs in halide solutions and we monitor the associated transformations of particles and capping agents by spectro-electrochemical surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS).Raman bands of the capping agents are used here to track chemical changes of the nanoparticles under operando conditions.The sparingly soluble and non-plasmon active silver salts(AgBr and AgCl)are formed under potential bias.In addition,we spectroscopically observe plasmon-mediated structural changes of citrate to cis-or trans-aconitate,while PVP is unaltered.The different behavior of the capping agents implies a change in the physical properties on the surface of AgNPs,in particular with respect to the surface accessibility.Moreover,we showcase that reactions of the capping agents induced by different external stimuli,such as applied bias or laser irradiation,can be assessed.Our results demonstrate how SERS of capping agents can be exploited to operando track nanoparticle conversions in liquid media.This approach is envisaged to provide a more comprehensive understanding of nanoparticle fates in complex liquid environments and varied redox conditions.

关键词： capping agent electrochemical surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy silver nanoparticle nanoparticle reaction