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Marginal zone B cells are naturally reactive to collagen type II and are involved in the initiation of the immune response in collagen-induced arthritis

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2011年第4期8卷 296-304页

作者： Cecilia Carnrot Kajsa E Prokopec kristina Rasbo Mikael CI karlsson Sandra Kleinau Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Uppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden Department of Medicine Unit of Clinical Allergy ResearchThe Karolinska InstituteSolnaSweden

Antibodies against type II collagen(CII)are essential for development of collagen-induced arthritis(CIA),but how and where the B-cell response to CII is initiated is not fully *** show here that naive DBA/1 mice display naturally reactive IgM and IgG anti-CII producing B cells prior to *** CII-reactive B cells were observed in the spleen and recognized as marginal zone(MZ)B *** CII immunization,CII-specific B cells expanded rapidly in the spleen,in contrast to the lymph nodes,with the initial response derived from MZ B cells and later by follicular(FO)B *** was evident despite that the MZ B cells were subject to stringent tolerance mechanisms by having a greater Fc gamma receptor IIb expression than the FO B ***,the MZ B cells migrated to the FO areas upon immunization,possibly providing antigen and activating FO T cells and subsequently FO B ***,around CIA onset increased numbers of IgG anti-CII producing FO B cells was seen in the spleen,which was dominated by IgG2a-and IgG2b-positive *** data demonstrate that CII-reactive MZ B cells are present before and expand after CII immunization,suggesting an initiating role of MZ B cells in the development of CIA.

关键词： arthritis B cells collagen type II ELISpot marginal zone mice

A novel feature extraction methodology using Siamese convolutional neural networks for intrusion detection

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Cybersecurity 2018年第1期1卷 847-859页

作者： Serafeim Moustakidis Patrik karlsson AIDEAS OU Narva mnt 5TallinnHarju maakondEstonia

Intrusion detection systems(IDS)can play a significant role in detecting security threats or malicious attacks that aim to steal information and/or corrupt network *** deal with the dynamic and complex nature of cyber-attacks,advanced intelligent tools have been applied resulting into powerful and automated IDS that rely on the latest advances of machine learning(ML)and deep learning(DL).Most of the reported effort has been devoted on building complex ML/DL architectures adopting a brute force approach towards the maximization of their detection ***,just a limited number of studies have focused on the identification or extraction of user-friendly risk indicators that could be easily used by security *** papers have explored various dimensionality reduction algorithms,however a large number of selected features is still required to detect the attacks successfully,which humans cannot intuitively or immediately *** enhance user’s trust and understanding on data without sacrificing on accuracy,this paper contributes to the transformation of the available data collected by IDS into a single actionable and easy-to-understand risk *** achieve this,a novel feature extraction pipeline was implemented consisting of the following components:(i)a fuzzy allocation scheme that transforms raw data to fuzzy class memberships,(ii)a novel modality transformation mechanism for converting feature vectors to images(Vec2im)and(iii)a dimensionality reduction module that makes use of Siamese convolutional neural networks that finally reduces the input data dimensionality into a 1-d feature *** performance of the proposed methodology was validated with respect to detection accuracy,dimensionality reduction performance and execution time on the NSL-KDD dataset via a thorough comparative analysis that demonstrated its effectiveness(86.64%testing accuracy using only one feature)over a number of well-known feature selection(FS)and extracti

关键词： Feature extraction Siamese convolutional neural networks Machine learning Intrusion detection

Surrogate potency assays:Comparison of binding profiles complements dose response curves for unambiguous assessment of relative potencies

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2018年第2期8卷 138-146页

作者： Robert karlsson Veronica Fridh Asa Frostell Purification and Analysis GE Healthcare Life SciencesUppsalaSweden

Surface plasmon resonance(SPR) systems are widely used for detailed characterization of antibody activities including antigen and Fc-receptor binding. During the later stages of development, where the focus is to ensure that established critical quality attributes(CQAs) are maintained during cell culture,purification and formulation processes, analysis is simplified, and relative potencies are often determined. Here, simulation of binding data revealed that relative potency values, determined via parallel line analysis(PLA) and half maximal effective concentration(EC50) analysis accurately reflect changes in active concentration only if binding kinetics remain unchanged. Changes in the association rate constant shifted dose response curves, and therefore relative potencies, in the same way as changes in analyte concentration do. However, for interactions characterized by stable binding, changes in the dissociation rate constant did not result in any shift, suggesting that this type of change may go unnoticed in the dose response curve. Thus, EC50 and PLA analyses of dose response curves obtained with an anti-TNF-α antibody were complemented with the Biacore functionality for sensorgram comparison analysis, whereby changes in antigen and Fc-receptor binding profiles could be detected. Next, analysis of temperature stressed TNF-α antibody revealed that calibration free concentration analysis(CFCA) data correlated perfectly with relative potency values. Together, these results demonstrate that combinations of SPR based dose response curves, sensorgram comparison and CFCA can be used to strengthen the confidence in relative potency assessments, and suggest that SPR can potentially be used as a surrogate potency assay in the quality control of biotherapeutic medicines.

关键词： Surface plasmon resonance EC50 Sensorgram comparison Calibration free concentration analysis Surrogate potency assay TNF-a

Experimental evaluation of autonomous map-based Spot navigation in confined environments

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Biomimetic Intelligence & Robotics 2022年第1期2卷 50-58页

作者： Anton Koval Samuel karlsson George Nikolakopoulos Robotics&AI Team Deparment of ComputerElectrical and Space Engineering.Luled University of TechunologyLuled SE-97187Sweden

In this article,we address the task of experimental evaluation of autonomous map-based navigation of a Boston Dynamics Spot quadruped robot in confined environments equipped with the developed autonomy package that incorporates a 3D lidar,an IMU,and an onboard *** that,we propose an integrated software and hardware system that is considered as an enabler for robot localization and risk-aware path planning,based on the known *** system design itself is modular and incorporates the perception capabilities required for autonomous *** Spot robot first is utilized to build the offline map of the environment by utilizing the Google Cartographer simultaneous localization and mapping(SLAM)*** the next step,the online environmental information from the autonomy package sensors and the offline map are provided to the onboard computer to localize the robot on the known map by utilizing means provided by ***,the occupancy information is provided to the online grid-based path planner that generates risk-aware *** extensive experimental evaluation of the proposed system is performed in corridors and SubT environments.

关键词： Spot SubT Map-based navigation 3D lidar Autonomy package

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电压稳定——建模及系统保护方案(英文)

电力系统自动化 1999年第19期23卷 17-24页

作者： Daniel karlsson ABB Automation Products AB 瑞典

介绍了用于电压稳定分析的电力系统组成、系统建模及为防止电压崩溃而在瑞典安装的一个保护系统。说明了对动态负荷、有载调压变压器控制、发电机电流限制器及配电系统建立详细而精确的模型的重要性。强调了深入研究及实验的必要性。

关键词：电压稳定负荷建模电力系统稳定性

An explainable AI model for power plant NOx emission control

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Energy and AI 2024年第1期15卷 171-180页

作者： Yuanye Zhou Ioanna Aslanidou Mikael karlsson Konstantinos Kyprianidis School of Business Society and EngineeringMälardalens UniversityUniversitetsplan 172220VästeråsSweden Future Energy Centre Mälardalens UniversityUniversitetsplan 172220VästeråsSweden School of Innovation Design and EngineeringMälardalens UniversityUniversitetsplan 172220VästeråsSweden

In recent years,developing Artificial Intelligence(AI)models for complex system has become a popular research *** have been several successful AI models for predicting the Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction(SNCR)system in power plants and large ***,all these models are in essence black box models and lack of explainability,which are not able to give new *** this study,a novel explainable AI(XAI)model that combines the polynomial kernel method with Sparse Identification of Nonlinear Dynamics(SINDy)model is proposed to find the governing equation of SNCR system based on 5-year operation data from a power *** proposed model identifies the system’s governing equation in a simple polynomial format with polynomial order of 1 and only 1 independent variable among original 68 input *** addition,the explainable AI model achieves a considerable accuracy with less than 21%deviation from base-line models of partial least squares model and artificial neural network model.

关键词： Explainable AI SINDy Kernel SNCR Power plant Boiler

Evaluating the Ryman-Laikre effect for marine stock enhancement and aquaculture

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Current Zoology 2016年第6期62卷 617-627页

作者： Robin S. WAPLES Kjetil HINDAR Sten karlsson Jeffrey J. HARD National Marine Fisheries Service Northwest Fisheries Science Center 2725 Montlake Boulevard East Seattle WA 98112 USA Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA) Trondheim 7485 Norway

The Ryman-Laikre （R-L） effect is an increase in inbreeding and a reduction in total effective population size （NET） in a combined captive-wild system, which arises when a few captive parents produce large numbers of offspring. To facilitate evaluation of the R-L effect for scenarios that are relevant to marine stock enhancement and aquaculture, we extended the original R-L formula to explicitly account for several key factors that determine NeT, including the numbers of captive and wild adults, the ratio of captive to wild Ne/N （β）, productivity of captive and wild breeders, and removal of individuals from the wild for captive breeding. We show how to provide quantitative answers to questions such as： What scenarios lead to no loss of effective size？ What is the maximum effective size that can be achieved？ and What scenarios insure that NeTWill be no smaller than a specified value？ Important results include the following：（1） For large marine populations, the value of β becomes increasingly important as the captive contribution increases. Captive propagation will sharply reduce NeT unless the captive contribution is very small or β is very large （～10^3 or higher）. （2） Very large values of β are only possible if wild Ne/N is tiny. Therefore, large wild populations undergoing captive enhancement at even modest levels will suffer major reductions in effective size unless wild Ne is a tiny fraction of the census size （about 10 4 or lower）.

关键词： captive breeding effective population size inbreeding genetic drift.

Comparison of emergency surgical cricothyroidotomy and percutaneous cricothyroidotomy by experienced airway providers in an obese,in vivo porcine hemorrhage airway model

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Military Medical Research 2023年第4期10卷 421-430页

作者： Tomas karlsson Andreas Brännström Mikael Gellerfors Jenny Gustavsson Mattias Günther Department of Clinical Science and Education Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive CareKarolinska Institutet11883 StockholmSweden Department of Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet17177 StockholmSweden Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive CareKarolinska Institutet11883 StockholmSweden Department of Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care Karolinska University Hospital17177 StockholmSweden Swedish Air Ambulance(SLA) 79291 MoraSweden Rapid Response Cars 18233 StockholmSweden.

Background: Emergency front-of-neck airway(eFONA) is a life-saving procedure in “cannot intubate, cannot oxygenate”(CICO). The fastest and most reliable method of eFONA has not been determined. We compared two of the most advocated approaches: surgical cricothyroidotomy and percutaneous cricothyroidotomy, in an obese, in vivo porcine hemorrhage model, designed to introduce real-time physiological feedback, relevant and high provider stress. The primary aim was to determine the fastest method to secure airway. Secondary aims were arterial saturation and partial pressure of oxygen, proxy survival and influence of ***: Twelve pigs [(60.3±4.1) kg] were anesthetized and exposed to 25%–35% total blood volume hemorrhage before extubation and randomization to Seldinger technique “percutaneous cricothyroidotomy”(n=6) or scalpelbougie-tube technique “surgical cricothyroidotomy”(n=6). Specialists in anesthesia and intensive care in a tertiary referral hospital performed the eFONA, simulating an actual ***: In surgical cricothyroidotomy vs. percutaneous cricothyroidotomy, the median(interquartile range, IQR) times to secure airway were 109(IQR 71–130) s and 298(IQR 128–360) s(P=0.0152), arterial blood saturation(SaO2) were 74.7(IQR 46.6–84.2)% and 7.9(IQR 4.1–15.6)%(P=0.0167), PaO_(2) were 7.0(IQR 4.7–7.7) kPa and 2.0(IQR 1.1–2.9) kPa(P=0.0667), and times of cardiac arrest(proxy survival) were 137–233 s, 190(IQR 143–229) s, from CICO. All six animals survived surgical cricothyroidotomy, and two of six(33%) animals survived percutaneous cricothyroidotomy. Years in anesthesia, 13.5(IQR 7.5–21.3), did not influence time to secure ***: eFONA by surgical cricothyroidotomy was faster and had increased oxygenation and survival, when performed under stress by board certified anesthesiologists, and may be an indication of preferred method in situations with hemorrhage and CICO, in obese patients.

关键词： Emergency front-of-neck airway “Cannot intubate cannot oxygenate”(CICO) Surgical cricothyroidotomy,Percutaneous cricothyroidotomy Porcine model

Volatile Organic Compound Emissions when Drying Wood Particles at High Dewpoints

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2004年第6期12卷 767-772页

作者： Inge Johansson Tobias karlsson Roland Wimmerstedt S.E.P. Scandinavian Energy Project AB Bror Nilssons g. 16 SE-417 55 Goteborg SwedenThurne Teknik AB Heliosvagen 1 b SE-120 30 STOCKHOLM SwedenChemical Engineering Lund University P.O. Box 124 SE-221 00 LUND Sweden

Emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during drying of wood particles for particleboard manufacture, or for production of refined biofuels, is a potential environmental problem. The aim of this work is to study the emissions of VOCs during drying, and the influence on the emissions by different drying *** experiments have mainly been done in a batch fluidized bed dryer, but measurements have also been done in a, pilot scale, continuous fluidized bed dryer. The parameters studied are air flow rate through the bed, air temperature, air dewpoint, and bed height. Since the present trend in biofuels and particle drying is towards very high dewpoints during drying, some measurements have been made at dewpoints up to 95℃, corresponding to a water content of 3.2 kg water per kilogram dry air. The emissions have been measured in two different ways,online during drying with a flame ionization detector and through wood analyses of the terpene content in the wood particles before and after drying. Substantial work has been made in developing the latter method as well as developing the drying equipment to be able to produce a wide range of conditions of the drying medium. It was shown that the VOCs emitted, during wood particle drying, mainly consist of terpenes. The behavior of the emissions was typical, at first contact with the drying gas a sharp peak in the release rate was detected. After that,the release rate stabilizes and declines slowly to a point where the material temperature increases and results in a second small peak in the release rate. Typically 80%-90% of the initial terpene content in the material was emitted during drying to low moisture content and it is not possible to significantly influence this release by changing the drying conditions. Up to 50% of the emitted terpenes are released during a very short period after contact with the drying medium. This fact could be utilized by employing a 2-step drying process. The fact that the VOC con

关键词： drying biofuels particleboard volatile organic compound high dewpoints