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Preliminary evaluation of a decision support tool for biochar amendment

Biochar 2020年第1期2卷 93-105页

作者： Claire L.Phillips Sarah E.Light Adam Lindsley Thomas A.Wanzek Kylie m.meyer kristin m.trippe USDA-ARS Forage Seed and Cereal Research Unit 3450 SW Campus WayCorvallisOR 97331USA University of California Cooperative Extension 142A Garden HighwayYuba CityCA 95991USA Department of Crop and Soil Science Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA

meta-analyses have shown that only about half of biochar addition studies report improved plant *** improve yield response,here we describe a decision support tool(DST)for selecting a biochar type and amendment rate to meet soil and crop management goals,based on soil and biochar tests values and crop requirements as reported by regional extension *** data from a greenhouse wheat trial,we assessed whether this approach could predict changes in soil chemistry and whether it could identify soils in which amendment would stimulate crop *** data indicated that the DST could provide semi-quantitative predictions of biochar amendment rates needed to meet target soil pH levels,with recommended rates averaging 25%higher than were *** DST was better at predicting biochar application rates to provision P and *** six soil types,post-harvest measurements of extractable-K showed an average 104%recovery of the quantities estimated to be provisioned by conifer wood or wheat straw ***-P recovery averaged 101%in two sandy soils with low P-retention but was considerably lower in four soils with higher P-retention ***-house data also showed that wheat growth improved only when biochar alleviated pH that was substantially below critical thresholds for plant growth,and supported the principle of using crop-specific pH requirements as part of an approach for biochar *** field trials that evaluate yield responses in several nutrient-deficient or acidified soils will be needed to provide a robust evaluation of this DST.

关键词： Wheat Liming Phosphorous Potassium Yield response

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Biochar addition to vineyard soils:effects on soil functions,grape yield and wine quality

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Biochar 2021年第4期3卷 565-577页

作者： manuel García-Jaramillo Kylie m.meyer Claire L.Phillips Verónica Acosta-martínez James Osborne Alexander D.Levin kristin m.trippe Department of Environmental and molecular Toxicology Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 93771USA USDA-ARS Forage Seed and Cereal Research Unit3450 SW Campus WayCorvallisOR 97331USA Department of Crop and Soil Science Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 93771USA USDA-ARS National Laboratory for Agriculture and the EnvironmentAmesIA 50011USA Wind Erosion and Water Conservation Unit USDA-ARSLubbockTX 79415USA Department of Food Science and Technology Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA Southern Oregon Research and Extension Center Oregon State UniversityCentral PointOR 97502USA Department of Horticulture Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA

In response to increasing concerns over climate change,soil health and wine quality,grape growers are seeking new practices(e.g.,biochar application)to minimize their environmental footprint while increasing productivity and the quality of their *** explore the potential of biochar-based amendments to achieve these goals in wine grape production,vineyard trials were established in the fall of *** Oregon sites were chosen with distinct soil types and climates(Willamette Valley and Rogue Valley)but planted with the same grapevine scion/rootstock Pinot noir *** treatments were applied under vines at each location:no biochar-no tillage(NT);no biochar+tillage(B0);18 tons ha^(−1)biochar+tillage(B18);35 tons ha^(−1)biochar+tillage(B35).In 2019,a suite of soil health,plant,and crop variables were measured,and wines were produced after *** incorporation of biochar modified the chemical and physical composition of soils at the two studied locations,increasing the bioavailability of carbon and nitrogen,their gravimetric water content and the concentration of plant available micro and macro *** responses of plant physiology parameters or productivity at either site were found after biochar incorporation when compared with ***,a significant and gradual decrease in the amount of wine tannins was found as a result of biochar application in wines produced from grapes from the Woodhall ***-term field experiments are required to assess the effects of biochar on soil properties,vine physiol-ogy,productivity,and grape and wine quality several years after incorporation.

关键词： Soil health C sequestration Wine quality

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Towards predicting biochar impacts on plant-available soil nitrogen content

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Biochar 2022年第1期4卷 1040-1054页

作者： Claire L.Phillips Kylie m.meyer manuel Garcia-Jaramillo Clara S.Weidman Catherine E.Stewart Thomas Wanzek michael A.Grusak Donald W.Watts Jeff Novak kristin m.trippe USDA-ARS National Laboratory for Agriculture and Environment AmesIAUSA USDA-ARS Forage Seed and Cereal Research Unit CorvallisORUSA Department of Environmental Toxicology Oregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA Department of Crop and Soil Science Oregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA USDA-ARS Soil management and Sugarbeet Research Unit Ft.CollinsCOUSA USDA-ARS Edward T.Schafer Agricultural Research Center FargoNDUSA USDA-ARS Coastal Plain Soil Waterand Plant Research CenterFlorenceSCUSA

Biochars can improve soil health but have been widely shown to reduce plant-available nitrogen(N)owing to their high carbon(C)content,which stimulates microbial ***,because biochars contain large amounts of C that are not microbially available,their total elemental C:N ratio does not correspond well with impacts on soil *** hypothesized that impacts on soil plant-available N would relate to biochar mineralizable-C(C_(min))content,and that C:N ratios of the mineralizable biochar component could provide a means for predicting conditions of net soil N-mineralization *** conducted two laboratory experiments,the first measuring biochar C_(min)from respiration of isotopically labeled barley biochars manufactured at 300,500,and 750℃,and the second characterizing C_(min)by proxy measurements for ten biochars from six feedstocks at several *** both experiments,soils were incubated with 2%biochar by mass to determine impacts to soil *** to expectation,all the biochars increased soil N-mineralization relative to unamended *** unexpected,higher temperature(500 and 700℃)barley biochars with less C_(min)stimulated more soil decomposition and more soil N-mineralization than a 350℃barley ***,across diverse biochar feedstocks and production methods,none of the biochar characteristics correlated with soil *** finding of improved soil N-mineralization adds complexity to the range of soil N responses that can be expected in response to biochar *** of the limited ability to predict soil N responses from biochar properties,users should monitor soil N to manage soil fertility.

关键词： C:N ratio Plant-available nitrogen Priming Respiration ^(13)C

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microbial response to designer biochar and compost treatments for mining impacted soils

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Biochar 2021年第3期3卷 299-314页

作者： Thomas F.Ducey Jeffrey m.Novak Gilbert C.Sigua James A.Ippolito Hannah C.Rushmiller Donald W.Watts kristin m.trippe Kurt A.Spokas Kenneth C.Stone mark G.Johnson Coastal Plains Soil Waterand Plant Research CenterAgricultural Research Service-USDAFlorenceSCUSA Department of Soil and Crop Sciences Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA National Forage Seed Production Research Center Agricultural Research Service-USDACorvallisORUSA Soil and Water management Research Unit Agricultural Research Service-USDASt.PaulMNUSA National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory US Environmental Protection AgencyCorvallisORUSA

The Oronogo-Duenweg mining belt is a designated United States Environmental Protection Agency Superfund site due to lead-contaminated soil and groundwater by former mining and smelting *** that have undergone remediation-in which the O,A,and B horizons have been removed alongside the lead contamination-have an exposed C horizon and are incalcitrant to revegetation *** also continue to contain quantifiable Cd and Zn *** improve soil conditions and encourage successful site revegetation,our study employed three biochars,sourced from different feedstocks(poultry litter,beef cattle manure,and lodgepole pine),at two rates of application(2.5%,and 5%),coupled with compost(0%,2.5%and 5%application rates).Two plant species-switchgrass(Panicum virgatum)and buffalograss(Bouteloua dactyloides)-were grown in the amended *** of soils with poultry litter biochar applied at 5%resulted in the greatest reduction of soil bioavailable Cd and ***-ground biomass yields were greatest with beef cattle manure biochar applied at 2.5%with 5%compost,or with 5%biochar at 2.5%and 5%compost *** microbial biomass was achieved with 5%poultry litter biochar and 5%compost,and microbial communities in soils amended with poultry litter biochar distinctly clustered away from all other soil ***,poultry litter biochar amended soils had the highest enzyme activity rates forβ-glucosidase,N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase,and *** results suggest that soil reclamation using biochar and compost can improve mine-impacted soil biogeophysical characteristics,and potentially improve future remediation efforts.

关键词： Biochar Compost microbial response mine soil reclamation Plant growth

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Analytical evaluation of steady-state solute distribution in through- diffusion and membrane behavior test under non-perfectly flushing boundary conditions

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Journal of Rock mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第1期16卷 258-267页

作者： Guannian Chen Yuchao Li kristin mSample-Lord Shan Tong School of Civil&Environmental Engineering and Geography Science Ningbo UniversityNingbo315211China mOE Key Laboratory of Soft Soils and Geoenvironmental Engineering College of Civil Engineering and ArchitectureZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China Ningbo ZCONE High-tech Company Limited Ningbo315000China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Villanova UniversityVillanovaPAUSA

The through-diffusion and membrane behavior testing procedure using a closed-system apparatus has been widely used for concurrent measurement of diffusion and membrane efficiency coefficients of low-permeability clay-based barrier ***,the common assumption of perfectly flushing conditions at the specimen boundaries could induce errors in analyses of the diffusion coefficients and membrane *** this study,an innovative pseudo three-dimensional(3D)analytical method was proposed to evaluate solute distribution along the boundary surfaces of the soil-porous disks system,considering the non-perfectly flushing *** results were consistent with numerical models under two scenarios considering different inflow/outflow *** proposed model has been demonstrated to be an accurate and reliable method to estimate solute distributions along the *** calculated membrane efficiency coefficient and diffusion coefficient based on the proposed analytical method are more accurate,resulting in up to 50%less relative error than the traditional approach that adopts the arithmetic mean value of the influent and effluent *** retar-dation factor of the clay specimen also can be calculated with a revised cumulative mass ***,the simulated transient solute transport matched with experimental data from a multi-stage through-diffusion and membrane behavior test,validating the accuracy of the proposed method.

关键词： Diffusion testing membrane behavior Coupled transport Clay barrier Transport modeling

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Solvation Effects on the Dielectric Constant of 1 m LiPF6 in Ethylene Carbonate:Ethyl methyl Carbonate 3:7

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Energy & Environmental materials 2024年第1期7卷 253-256页

作者： Julian Self Nathan T.Hahn kristin A.Persson Department of Chemical Engineering Polytechnique MontrealMontrealQC H3T 1J4Canada Department of materials Science and Engineering University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA 94720USA Energy Technologies Area Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA material Physical and Chemical Sciences CenterSandia National LaboratoriesAlbuquerqueNM 87185USA

We report the dielectric constant of 1 m LiPF_(6)in EC:EmC 3∶7 w/w(ethylene carbonate/ethyl methyl carbonate)in addition to neat EC:EmC 3∶7 w/*** three Debye relaxations,the static permittivity value,or dielectric constant,is extrapolated to 18.5,which is compared to 18.7 for the neat solvent *** EC solvent is found to strongly coordinate with the Li^(+)cations of the salt,which results in a loss of dielectric contribution to the ***,the small amplitude and large uncertainty in relaxation frequency for EmC cloud definitive identification of the Li^(+)solvation ***,the loss of the free EC permittivity contribution due to Li^(+)solvation is almost completely balanced by the positive contribution of the associated LiPF_(6)salt,demonstrating that a significant quantity of dipolar ion pairs exists in 1 m LiPF_(6)in EC:EmC 3∶7.

关键词： batteries dielectric relaxation spectroscopy electrolytes

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Design and synthesis of synthetic promoters for consistency of gene expression across growth phases and scale in ***

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Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology 2024年第2期9卷 330-339页

作者： kristin V.Presnell Omar melhem Sarah m.Coleman Nicholas J.morse Hal S.Alper mcKetta Department of Chemical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin200E Dean Keeton St.Stop C0400AustinTX78712USA Institute for Cellular and molecular Biology The University of Texas at Austin2500 Speedway AvenueAustinTX78712USA

metabolic engineering and synthetic biology endeavors benefit from promoters that perform consistently(or robustly)with respect to cellular growth phase(exponential and stationary)and fermentation scale(microtiter plates,tubes,flasks,and bioreactors).However,nearly all endogenous promoters(especially in Saccharomyces cerevisiae)do not perform in this *** this work,a hybrid promoter engineering strategy is leveraged to create novel synthetic promoters with robustness across these *** a multi-dimensional RNA-seq dataset,promoters with specific phase dependencies were *** enriched with functional transcription factors were identified using mEmE *** motif-containing fragments could impart activity dependence in the opposing ***,we obtain two new promoters with high and consistent expression across both phases by increasing the exponential phase activity of the starting stationary-phase scaffold by 38 and 23-fold ***,we show that these promoters function consistently across various laboratory growth scales over time in a microtiter plate and in ***,this work presents and validates a new strategy for engineering promoters in *** with high levels of expression that are robust to cellular growth phase and the scale of the culture.

关键词： endogenous synthetic stationary

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metabolic syndrome and the urinary microbiome of patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy

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Asian Journal of Urology 2024年第2期11卷 316-323页

作者： Ryan A.Dornbier Chirag P.Doshi Shalin C.Desai Petar Bajic michelle Van Kuiken mark Khemmani Ahmer V.Farooq Larissa Bresler Thomas m.T.Turk Alan J.Wolfe kristin G.Baldea Loyola University medical Center Department of UrologyMaywoodILUSA Loyola University Chicago Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyMaywoodILUSA

Objective:To identify possible stone-promoting microbes,we compared the profiles of microbes grown from stones of patients with and without metabolic syndrome(metS).The association between metS and urinary stone disease is well established,but the exact pathophysiologic relationship remains *** evidence suggests urinary tract dysbiosis may lead to increased nephrolithiasis ***:At the time of percutaneous nephrolithotomy,bladder urine and stone fragments were collected from patients with and without *** sample types were subjected to expanded quantitative urine culture(EQUC)and 16 S ribosomal RNA gene ***:Fifty-seven patients included 12 controls(21.1%)and 45 metS patients(78.9%).Both cohorts were similar with respect to demographics and non-metS *** controls had uric acid stone *** EQUC,bacteria were detected more frequently in metS stones(42.2%)compared to controls(8.3%)(p=0.041).Bacteria also were more abundant in stones of metS patients compared to *** validate our EQUC results,we performed 16 S ribosomal RNA gene *** 12/16(75.0%)sequence-positive stones,EQUC reliably isolated at least one species of the sequenced *** were detected in both“infectious”and“non-infectious”stone ***:Bacteria are more common and more abundant in metS stones than control *** findings support a role for bacteria in urinary stone disease for patients with metS regardless of stone composition.

关键词： Nephrolithiasis Urolithiasis metabolic syndrome Urinary microbiome Percutaneous nephrolithotomy

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Elucidating regulatory processes of intense physical activity by multi-omics analysis

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military medical Research 2024年第4期11卷 479-499页

作者： Ernesto S.Nakayasu marina A.Gritsenko Young-mo Kim Jennifer E.Kyle Kelly G.Stratton Carrie D.Nicora Nathalie munoz Kathleen m.Navarro Daniel Claborne Yuqian Gao Karl K.Weitz Vanessa L.Paurus Kent J.Bloodsworth Kelsey A.Allen Lisa m.Bramer Fernando montes Kathleen A.Clark Grant Tietje Justin Teeguarden kristin E.Burnum-Johnson Biological Sciences Division Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWA 99352USA Environmental and molecular Sciences Division Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWA 99352USA Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthWestern States DivisionDenverCO 80204USA Computational Analytics Division Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWA 99352USA National Security Directorate Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWA 99352USA Los Angeles County Fire Department Los AngelesCA 90063USA Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthRespiratory Health DivisionMorgantownWV 26505USA Environmental and molecular Toxicology Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA

Background:Physiological and biochemical processes across tissues of the body are regulated in response to the high demands of intense physical activity in several occupations,such as firefighting,law enforcement,military,and sports.A better understanding of such processes can ultimately help improve human performance and prevent illnesses in the work ***:To study regulatory processes in intense physical activity simulating real-life conditions,we performed a multi-omics analysis of 3 biofluids(blood plasma,urine,and saliva)collected from 11 wildland firefighters before and after a 45 min,intense exercise *** profiles ***-exercise were compared by Student’s t-test followed by pathway analysis and comparison between the different omics ***:Our multi-omics analysis identified and quantified 3835 proteins,730 lipids and 182 metabolites combining the 3 different types of *** blood plasma analysis revealed signatures of tissue damage and acute repair response accompanied by enhanced carbon metabolism to meet energy *** urine analysis showed a strong,concomitant regulation of 6 out of 8 identified proteins from the renin-angiotensin system supporting increased excretion of catabolites,reabsorption of nutrients and maintenance of fluid *** saliva,we observed a decrease in 3 pro-inflammatory cytokines and an increase in 8 antimicrobial peptides.A systematic literature review identified 6 papers that support an altered susceptibility to respiratory ***:This study shows simultaneous regulatory signatures in biofluids indicative of homeostatic maintenance during intense physical activity with possible effects on increased infection susceptibility,suggesting that caution against respiratory diseases could benefit workers on highly physical demanding jobs.

关键词： multi-omics analysis Intense exercise Human performance Biofluids metabolism Immunity

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Color change in a marine isopod is adaptive in reducing predation

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Current Zoology 2015年第4期61卷 739-748页

作者： kristin m. HULTGREN Hannah mITTELSTAEDT Department of Biology Seattle University 901 12^th ave. Seattle WA 98122

Although background matching is a common form of camouflage across a wide diversity of animals, there has been surprisingly little experimental work testing the fitness consequences of this camouflage strategy, especially in marine ecosystems. In this study, we tested whether color camouflage enhances survival of the intertidal marine isopod Pentidotea （Idotea） wosnesenskii, quantified patterns of camouflage in different algal habitats, and examined how algal diet affected color change and growth using laboratory assays. In the field, isopods collected from two differently colored algal habitats （the brown alga Fucus distichus and the red alga Odonthaliafloccosa） matched the color of their respective algal habitats, and also differed significantly in body size： smaller red isopods were found on red algae, while larger brown isopods were found on brown algae. Predation ex- periments demonstrated these color differences had fitness benefits： brown isopods that matched their brown algae habitats sur- vived at higher rates than red unmatched isopods. Surprisingly, despite the propensity of isopods to match their algal habitats, algal diet had no effect on color change in color change experiments. Instead, isopods in all treatments turned browner, matching the color of the algal habitat that many isopods are found on as adults. In summary, our data supported our hypothesis that back- ground matching serves an adaptive function in reducing predation, with important evolutionary implications for explaining the wide variation in color change mechanisms in idoteid isopods [Current Zoology 61 （4）： 739-748, 2015].

关键词： Isopod Pentidotea wosnesenskii. Camouflage Crypsis Background matching Color change

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