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Non-Maxwellian electron distributions resulting from direct laser acceleration in near-critical plasmas

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2016年第1期1卷 82-87页

作者： T.Toncian C.Wang E.McCary A.Meadows A.V.Arefiev J.Blakeney K.Serratto D.Kuk C.Chester R.Roycroft l.Gao H.Fu X.Q.Yan J.schreiber I.Pomerantz A.Bernstein H.Quevedo G.Dyer T.Ditmire B.M.Hegelich Department of Physics University of TexasAustinTX78712USA State Key laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology Peking UniversityBeijing100871China Fakultat fur Physik Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversityMunichGermany

The irradiation of few-nm-thick targets by a finite-contrast high-intensity short-pulse laser results in a strong pre-expansion of these targets at the arrival time of the main *** targets decompress to near and lower than critical densities with plasmas extending over few micrometers,*** *** interaction of the main pulse with such a highly localized but inhomogeneous target leads to the generation of a short channel and further self-focusing of the laser *** at the Glass Hybrid OPCPA Scaled Test-bed(GHOST)laser system at University of Texas,Austin using such targets measured non-Maxwellian,peaked electron distribution with large bunch charge and high electron density in the laser propagation *** results are reproduced in 2D PIC simulations using the EPOCH code,identifying direct laser acceleration(DlA)[1]as the responsible *** is the first time that DlA has been observed to produce peaked spectra as opposed to broad,Maxwellian spectra observed in earlier experiments[2].This high-density electrons have potential applications as injector beams for a further wakefield acceleration stage as well as for pump-probe applications.

关键词： Direct laser acceleration Electron acceleration Near critical plasmas PIC simulations

马萨诸塞州2008-2013年某复合泡沫塑料制造厂的工作相关哮喘

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上海预防医学 2016年第7期28卷 518-519,F0004页

作者： Megan Casey Marcia l.Stanton kristin J.Cummings Elise Pechter Kathleen Fitzsimmons Ryan F.leBouf Christine R.Schuler Kathleen Kreiss 周晓丹(翻译) 周惠嘉(审校) Epidemic Intelligence Service CDC Division of Respiratory Disease Studies National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health CDC Occupational Health Surveillance Program Massachusetts Department of Public Health Division of Safety Research National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health CDC 不详

工作相关哮喘是指因在工作场所中暴露于特定物质而引发或加重的哮喘。10%～16%的成人型哮喘病例可归因于职业因素,13%～58%的哮喘病例因工作加重。2008—2012年,马萨诸塞州公共卫生部共接到9份工作相关哮喘病例的报告,均来自一家生产海... 详细信息

工作相关哮喘是指因在工作场所中暴露于特定物质而引发或加重的哮喘。10%～16%的成人型哮喘病例可归因于职业因素,13%～58%的哮喘病例因工作加重。2008—2012年,马萨诸塞州公共卫生部共接到9份工作相关哮喘病例的报告,均来自一家生产海上油气工业漂浮装置所用的复合泡沫塑料工厂。

关键词：马萨诸塞州成人型职业因素油气工业医疗记录支气管炎症工作年限应答者海洋油气暴露情况

一氧化氮吸入疗法对早产儿神经系统发育的影响

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（儿科学分册） 2005年第12期1卷 4-4页

作者： Mestan K.K.l. Marks J.D. Hecox K. M.D. schreiber 李开 University of Chicago MC 6060 5841 S. Maryland Ave. Chicago IL 60637 United StatesDr.

Chronic lung disease and severe intraventricular hemorrhage or periventricular leukomalacia in premature infants are associated with abnormal neurodevelopmental outcomes. In a previous randomized, controlled, single-center trial of premature infants with the respiratory distress syndrome, inhaled nitric oxide decreased the risk of death or chronic lung disease as well as severe intraventricular hemorrhage and periventricular leukomalacia. We hypothesized that infants treated with inhaled nitric oxide would also have improved neurodevelopmental outcomes. Methods: We conducted a prospective, longitudinal follow-up study of premature infants who had received inhaled nitric oxide or placebo to investigate neurodevelopmental outcomes at two years of corrected age. Neurologic examination, neurodevelopmental assessment, and anthropometric measurements were made by examiners who were unaware of the children’s original treatment assignment. Results: A total of 138 children (82 percent of survivors) were evaluated. In the group given inhaled nitric oxide, 17 of 70 children (24 percent) had abnormal neurodevelopmental outcomes, defined as either disability (cerebral palsy, bilateral blindness, or bilateral hearing loss) or delay (no disability, but one score of less than 70 on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II), as compared with 31 of 68 children (46 percent) in the placebo group (relative risk, 0.53; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.33 to 0.87; P=0.01). This effect persisted after adjustment for birth weight and sex, as well as for the presence or absence of chronic lung disease and severe intraventricular hemorrhage or periventricular leukomalacia. The improvement in neurodevelopmental outcome in the group given inhaled nitric oxide was primarily due to a 47 percent decrease in the risk of cognitive impairment (defined by a score of less than 70 on the Bayley Mental Developmental Index) (P=0.03). Conclusions: Premature infants treated with inha led nitric oxide hav

关键词：一氧化氮吸入神经系统发育脑室内出血早产婴儿呼吸窘迫综合征吸入疗法慢性肺病脑性瘫痪随访研究对照试验

Nat Methods:利用CRISPR-Cas9组合筛选发现癌症弱点

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现代生物医学进展 2017年第17期17卷 I0001-I0001页

作者： John Paul Shen, Ana Bojorquez-Gomez, Katherine licon, kristin Klepper, Daniel Pekin, Alex N Beckett, Kyle Salinas Sanchez, Jason F Kreisberg, Trey Ideker John Paul Shen, Trey Ideker, Prashant Mali John Paul Shen, Dongxin Zhao, Dan Du, Assen Roguev, Jason F Kreisberg, Nevan Krogan, lei Qi, Trey Ideker, Prashant Mali Dongxin Zhao, Chih-Chung Kuo, Prashant Mali Roman Sasik, Amanda Birmingham, Aaron N Chang, Trey Ideker Jens luebeck, Alex Thomas Alex Thomas, Chih-Chung Kuo, Nathan E lewis Dan Du Assen Roguev, Nevan Krogan Nathan E lewis lei Qi Department of Medicine Division of Genetics University of California San Diego La Jolla California USA Moores UCSD Cancer Center La Jolla California USA The Cancer Cell Map Initiative (CCMI) La Jolla and San Francisco California USA Department of Bioengineering University of California San Diego La Jolla California USA Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics University of California San Diego La Jolla California USA Bioinformatics & Systems Biology Program University of California San Diego La Jolla California USA Novo Nordisk Center for Biosustainability at the University of California San Diego La Jolla California USA Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research Department of Cell and Tissue Biology University of California San Francisco San Francisco California USA Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology University of California San Francisco San Francisco California USA Department of Pediatrics University of California San Diego La Jolla California USA Department of Bioengineering Stanford University Stanford California USA.

导致癌症的基因突变也会削弱癌细胞，从而使得人们有机会开发选择性地杀死它们同时不影响正常细胞的药物。这一概念被称作”合成致死性（synthetic lethality）”，这是因为这些药物仅对发生突变的（或者说合成的）细胞是致命性的。在... 详细信息

导致癌症的基因突变也会削弱癌细胞，从而使得人们有机会开发选择性地杀死它们同时不影响正常细胞的药物。这一概念被称作”合成致死性（synthetic lethality）”，这是因为这些药物仅对发生突变的（或者说合成的）细胞是致命性的。在一项新的研究中。来自美国加州大学圣地亚哥分校、加州大学旧金山分校、斯坦福大学和癌细胞图谱项目（Cancer Cell Map Initiative）的研究人员开发出一种新的方法来寻找合成致死性的基因组合。

关键词：组合筛选癌症美国加州大学利用基因突变斯坦福大学癌细胞正常细胞