Virtual globes(VGs)allow Internet users to view geographic data of heterogeneous quality created by other *** article presents a new approach for collecting and visualizing information about the perceived quality of 3...
详细信息
Virtual globes(VGs)allow Internet users to view geographic data of heterogeneous quality created by other *** article presents a new approach for collecting and visualizing information about the perceived quality of 3D data in *** aims atimproving users’awareness of the qualityof 3D *** of relying onthe existing metadata or on formal accuracy assessments that are often impossible in practice,we propose a crowd-sourced quality recommender system based on the five-star visualization method successful in other types of Web *** alternative five-star visualizations were implemented in a Google Earth-based prototype and tested through a formal user *** tests helped identifying the most effective method for a 3D *** indicate that while most websites use a visualization approach that shows a‘number of stars’,this method was the least preferred by ***,participants ranked the‘number within a star’method highest as it allowed reducing the visual clutter in urban settings,suggesting that 3D environments such as VGs require different *** that expert and non-expert users in geographic data share similar preferences for the most and least preferred visualization methods.
Management and conservation efforts that support the recovery and protection of large rivers are daunting,reflecting the complexity of the challenge and extent of effort(in terms of policy,economic investment,and spat...
详细信息
Management and conservation efforts that support the recovery and protection of large rivers are daunting,reflecting the complexity of the challenge and extent of effort(in terms of policy,economic investment,and spatial extent)needed to afford measurable *** large systems have generally experienced intensive development and regulation,compromising their capacity to respond to disturbances such as climate change ***,large river and basin management require insights gained from social,ecological,geophysical,and hydrological *** multidisciplinary perspective can unveil the integrated relationship between a river network's biotic community and seasonally variableenvironmental conditions that are *** rivers andtheir basins are constantly changing due to anthropogenic influences and as climate modifies patterns of temperature and *** of these factors,the state of knowledge must advance to address changing *** Willamette River,in western Oregon,USA,is a prime example of a basin that has experienced significant degradation and investment in rehabilitation in recent *** science has facilitated development of fine-scale,spatially extensive datasets and models that can generate targeted conservation and rehabilitation actions that are prioritized across the entire river *** prioritization allows investment decisions to be driven by site-specific conditions while simultaneously considering potentials for ecological ***,we review hydrologic,geomorphic,ecologic,and social conditions in the Willamette River basin through time—including pre-settlement,river development,andcontemporary periods—andoffer a futurevisionfor ***,detailed informationaboutfish populations and habitat,hydrologic conditions,geomorphology,water quality,and land use can be leveraged to make informed decisions about protection,rehabilitation,and develop
Background: The effect of adrenal replacement therapy (ART) with hydrocortisone on critical endpoints such as infection and mortality in critically ill patients with cirrhosis remains unclear. We evaluated our indicat...
详细信息
Background: The effect of adrenal replacement therapy (ART) with hydrocortisone on critical endpoints such as infection and mortality in critically ill patients with cirrhosis remains unclear. We evaluated our indications for ART in patients with cirrhosis with clinical symptoms of adrenal insufficiency (AI), and examined the rate of peri-transplant fungal colonization and mortality associated with ART. Methods: Seventy-eight patients with cirrhosis admitted to our institution's surgical intensive care unit (ICU) over a 4-year period met criteria for AI by vasopressor requirement and baseline cortisol levels. Outcomes included disposition at 90-days, fungal colonization, and fungal infection in the presence or absence of ART. Results: In total, 56 patients received hydrocortisone (HC+) while 22 did not (HC-). The HC+ and HC- groups had comparable median Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) scores (26.5 vs. 25, respectively;p=0.93), median ICU lengths of stay (23 vs. 20 days, respectively;p=0.54) and median cortisol levels (18μg/dL for both, p=0.87). Fungal cultures (FC) from blood, urine or bronchoalveolar lavage/sputum were positive for 44% of HC+, and 40.9%of HC-(p=0.77) had mortality rates between HC+and HC-groups that were not significantly different (60.7%vs. 50%, respectively;p=0.39;α=0.05). The 90-day outcomes for HC+ vs. HC- (39.3% vs. 50% discharged, respectively;p=0.39;α=0.05) and those surviving to transplant (17.9%vs. 36.4%, respectively;p=0.08;α=0.05) were not signifi-cantly different between the two ***:In this small single-center series, we found that steroid administration for AI does not affect the rate of fungal colonization/infection or mortality. Further prospective stu-dies are required to determine the utility of ART and factors affecting the rate of FC and mortality in these patients.
暂无评论