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DNA recovery and analysis from skeletal material in modern forensic contexts

Forensic Sciences Research 2019年第1期4卷 51-59页

作者： krista e.latham Jessica J.Miller Biology Department Human Identification CenterUniversity of IndianapolisIndianapolisINUSA

The generation of a DNA profile from skeletal remains is an important part of the identifica-tion process in both mass disaster and unidentified person cases. Since bones and teeth are often the only biological materials remaining after exposure to environmental conditions, intense heat, certain traumatic events and in cases where a significant amount of time has passed since the death of the individual, the ability to purify large quantities of informative DNA from these hard tissues would be beneficial. Since sampling the hard tissues for gen-etic analysis is a destructive process, it is important to understand those environmental and intrinsic factors that contribute to DNA preservation. This will serve as a brief introduction to these topics, since skeletal sampling strategies and molecular taphonomy have been dis-cussed in depth elsewhere. Additionally advances in skeletal DNA extraction and analysis will be discussed. Currently there is great variation in the DNA isolation methods used by laboratories to purify DNA from the hard tissues;however, a standardized set of short tan-dem repeat (STR) loci is analyzed by many US laboratories to allow for comparisons across samples and jurisdictions. Recent advances have allowed for the generation of DNA profiles from smaller quantities of template DNA and have expanded the number of loci analyzed for greater discriminatory power and predictions regarding the geographic ancestry and phenotype of the individual. Finally, utilizing databases and expanding the number of com-parison samples will be discussed in light of their role in the identification process.

关键词： Forensic sciences forensic anthropology forensic genetics individual identification molecular taphonomy skeletal DNA extraction DNA profiles DNA databases

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Genome and clonal hematopoiesis stability contrasts with immune,cfDNA,mitochondrial,and telomere length changes during short duration spaceflight

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Precision Clinical Medicine 2024年第1期7卷 1-13页

作者： J.Sebastian Garcia-Medina Karolina Sienkiewicz S.Anand Narayanan eliah G.Overbey Kirill Grigorev krista A.Ryon Marissa Burke Jacqueline Proszynski Braden Tierney Caleb M.Schmidt Nuria Mencia-Trinchant Remi Klotz Veronica Ortiz Jonathan Foox Christopher Chin Deena Najjar Irina Matei Irenaeus Chan Carlos Cruchaga Ashley Kleinman JangKeun Kim Alexander Lucaci Conor Loy Omary Mzava Iwijn De Vlaminck Anvita Singaraju Lynn e.Taylor Julian C.Schmidt Michael A.Schmidt Kelly Blease Juan Moreno Andrew Boddicker Junhua Zhao Bryan Lajoie Andrew Altomare Semyon Kruglyak Shawn Levy Min Yu Duane C.Hassane Susan M.Bailey Kelly Bolton Jaime Mateus Christopher e.Mason Department of Physiology and Biophysics Weill Cornell MedicineCornell UniversityNew YorkNY 10021USA The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY 10021USA Department of Immunology Weill Cornell MedicineCornell UniversityNew YorkNY 10021USA Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90033USA Space exploration Technologies Corporation HawthomeCA 90250USA Sovaris Aerospace BoulderCO 80302USA Advanced Pattern Analysis&Human Performance Group BoulderCO 80302USA Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories Departments of Pediatrics and Cell and Developmental BiologyDrukier Institute for Children's HealthMeyer Cancer CenterWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY 10021USA Meyer Cancer Center Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY 10065USA Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology Florida State UniversityTallahasseeFL 32306USA Department of Systems engineering Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523USA element Biosciences San DiegoCA 10055USA Department of environmental and Radiological Health Sciences Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523USA Cell and Molecular Biology Program Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523USA BioAstra Inc New YorkNYUSA Washington University St Louis Oncology Division St.LouisMO 63100USA Meinig School of Biomedical engineering Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute Weill Cornell MedicineNY 10021USA WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY 10021USA

Background The Inspiration4(I4)mission,the first all-civilian orbital flight mission,investigated the physiological effects of short-duration spaceflight through a multi-omic *** advances,there remains much to learn about human adaptation to spaceflight's unique challenges,including microgravity,immune system perturbations,and radiation *** To provide a detailed genetics analysis of the mission,we collected dried blood spots pre-,during,and post-flight for DNA *** length was measured by quantitative PCR,while whole genome and cfDNA sequencing provided insight into genomic stability and immune adaptations.A robust bioinformatic pipeline was used for data analysis,including variant calling to assess mutational *** Telomere elongation occurred during spaceflight and shortened after return to ***-free DNA analysis revealed increased immune cell signatures *** significant clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential(CHIP)or whole-genome instability was *** long-term gene expression changes across immune cells suggested cellular adaptations to the space environment persisting months *** Our findings provide valuable insights into the physiological consequences of short-duration spaceflight,with telomere dynamics and immune cell gene expression adapting to spaceflight and persisting after return to *** sequencing data will serve as a reference point for studying the early development of CHIP in astronauts,an understudied phenomenon as previous studies have focused on career *** study will serve as a reference point for future commercial and non-commercial spaceflight,low earth orbit(LeO)missions,and deep-space exploration.

关键词： genomes clonal hematopoiesis stability immune mitochondria ribosomes spaceflight

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Occupational injuries and burn out among orthopedic oncology surgeons

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2022年第12期13卷 1056-1063页

作者： Abdulrahman M Alaseem Robert e Turcotte Nathalie Ste-Marie Mohammad M Alzahrani Saad M Alqahtani krista A Goulding Department of Orthopedic Surgery College of MedicineKing Saud UniversityRiyadh 12372Saudi Arabia Department of Orthopedic Surgery McGill University Health CentreMontreal H4A3J1Canada Department of Orthopedic Surgery College of MedicineImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal universityDammam 34212Saudi Arabia Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Mayo ClinicPhoenixArizona 85054USA

BACKGROUND Orthopedic oncology surgeons commonly engage in prolonged and complex surgical *** types of surgeries increase the risk of physical and psychological stressors,which may in turn make these physicians prone to workrelated occupational *** The aim of this study was to explore in orthopedic oncologists,the prevalence of work-related physical injuries and psychological *** A modified version of the physical discomfort survey was developed to assess occupational injuries among orthopedic oncology surgeon members of the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society,the Canadian Orthopedic Oncology Society and european Musculoskeletal Oncology *** survey was sent by email,and it explored musculoskeletal complaints,psychological disturbances,treatment required for these complaints and the requirement of time off *** A total of 67 surgeon responses were collected.A high number of orthopedic oncologists(84%)reported an occupational *** back pain(39%)was the most prevalent musculoskeletal condition,followed by lumbar disk herniation(16%),shoulder tendinitis(15%)and lateral epicondylitis(13%).Of the cohort,46%required surgery and 31%required time off work due to their ***-three respondents reported a psychological ***(27%),anxiety(20%)and insomnia(20%)were the most commonly *** required off work due to injury was associated with old age and years in *** Orthopedic oncology surgeons report a high prevalence of work-related *** back related injury and burnout were the most reported *** operative room ergonomics and prevention of stress related to the work environment should be areas to explore in upcoming research.

关键词： Orthopedic oncology Surgeons Occupational Musculoskeletal Injuries

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Metal Fabrication by Additive Manufacturing Using Laser and electron Beam Melting Technologies

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2012年第1期28卷 1-14页

作者： Lawrence e. Murr Sara M. Gaytan Diana A. Ramirez edwin Martinez Jennifer Hernandez krista N. Amato Patrick W. Shindo Francisco R. Medina Ryan B. Wicker Department of Metallurgical and Materials engineering The University of Texas at El PasoEl Paso TX 79968 USA W.M. Keck Center for 3D Innovation The University of Texas at El PasoEl Paso TX 79968 USA

Lawrence e. Murr is Mr.J Mrs. Macintosh Murehison Professor and Chairman of the Department of Metallurgical and Materials engineering and Ph.D. Program Director in the Materials Research Technology Institute at The University of Texas at el Paso. Dr. Murr received his ***. in physical science from Albright College, and his B.S.e.e. in electronics, his M.S. in engineering mechanics, and his Ph.D. in solidstate science, all from the Pennsylvania State University. Dr. Murr has published 20 books, over 750 scientific and technical articles in a wide range of research areas in materials science and engineering, environmental science and engineering, manufacturing science and engineering （especially rapid prototype/layered manufacturing）,

关键词： Selective laser melting electron beam melting Additive manufacturing Microstructures Microstructural architecture

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Global variation in skin injures and skincare practices in extremely preterm infants

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2023年第2期19卷 139-157页

作者： Pranav Jani Umesh Mishra Julia Buchmayer Rajesh Maheshwari Daphne D’Çruz Karen Walker Duygu Gözen krista Lowe Audrey Wright James Marceau Mihaela Culcer Archana Priyadarshi Adrienne Kirby James eMoore Ju Lee Oei Vibhuti Shah Umesh Vaidya Abdelmoneim Khashana Sunit Godambe Fook Choe Cheah Wen-Hao Zhou Xiao-Jing Hu Muneerah Satardien Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia Department of Neonatology Westmead HospitalWestmeadNSW2145Australia Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineDivision of NeonatologyPediatric Intensive Care and NeuropediatricsMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria Department of Newborn Care Royal Prince Alfred HospitalCamperdownNSWAustralia Council of International Neonatal Nurses BostonMAUSA The George Institute for Global Health SydneyNSWAustralia Sydney Institute for Women Children and Their FamiliesSydneyNSWAustralia Pediatric Nursing Department Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursingİstanbul University-CerrahpaşaIstanbulTurkey The National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia Connecticut Children’s Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine Connecticut Children’s Medical CenterHartfordCTUSA UCONN School of Medicine FarmingtonCTUSA The Royal Hospital for Women RandwickNSWAustralia School of Women’s and Children’s Health University of New South WalesRandwickNSWAustralia Department of Paediatrics and Institute of Health Policy Management and EvaluationMount Sinai HospitalTorontoCanada Department of Pediatrics King Edward Memorial HospitalPuneIndia Pediatrics Suez Canal UniversityIsmailiaEgypt Divisional Director for Clinical Governance Women’sChildren’s and Clinical SupportImperial College Healthcare NHS TrustLondonUK Department of Pediatrics Faculty of MedicineUniversiti KebangsaanBangiMalaysia Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz Jalan Yaacob LatifBandar Tun RazakKuala LumpurMalaysia Department of Neonatology and Vice President Children’s Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina Vice Director of Nursing Department Children’s Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina Department of Paediatrics and Child Health Tygerberg HospitalCape TownSouth Africa University of Stellenbosch Cape TownSouth Africa

Background Globally,are skincare practices and skin injuries in extremely preterm infants comparable?This study describes skin injuries,variation in skincare practices and investigates any association between *** A web-based survey was conducted between February 2019 and August *** skin injuries and describing skincare practices in extremely preterm infants were the main *** association between skin injuries and skincare practices was established using binary multivariable logistic regression adjusted for *** Responses from 848 neonatal intensive care units,representing all geographic regions and income status groups were *** dermatitis(331/840,39%)and medical adhesive-related skin injuries(319/838,38%)were the most common *** a local skincare guideline reduced skin injuries[medical adhesive-related injuries:adjusted odds ratios(aOR)=0.63,95%confidence interval(CI)=0.45–0.88;perineal injuries:aOR=0.66,95%CI=0.45–0.96;local skin infections:OR=0.41,95%CI=0.26–0.65;chemical burns:OR=0.46,95%CI=0.26–0.83;thermal burns:OR=0.51,95%CI=0.27–0.96].Performing skin assessments at least every four hours reduced skin injuries(abrasion:aOR=0.48,95%CI=0.33–0.67;pressure:aOR=0.51,95%CI=0.34–0.78;diaper dermatitis:aOR=0.71,95%CI=0.51–0.99;perineal:aOR=0.52,95%CI=0.36–0.75).Regional and resource settings-based variations in skin injuries and skincare practices were *** Skin injuries were common in extremely preterm *** in practice and improved surveillance appears to reduce the occurrence of these *** evidence regarding optimal practices is needed to reduce skin injuries and minimize practice variations.

关键词： extremely premature infants Injuries Neonatal intensive care unit Skin care Wounds

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Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis due to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A multicenter, case-control study

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World Journal of Hepatology 2017年第7期9卷 385-390页

作者： Kathleen e Corey Samer Gawrieh Andrew S deLemos Hui Zheng Andrew e Scanga Jennifer W Haglund Jorge Sanchez Christopher J Danford Megan Comerford krista Bossi Samina Munir Naga Chalasani Julia Wattacheril Department of Medicine Gastrointestinal UnitMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical School Department of Medicine Division of GastroenterologyIndiana University School of Medicine Department of Medicine Division of GastroenterologyCarolinas Medical Center Department of Medicine Division of GastroenterologyVanderbilt University School of Medicine Department of Medicine Division of GastroenterologyColumbia University College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew York Presbyterian Hospital

AIM To identify risk factors associated with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC), describe tumor characteristics and treatments pursed for a cohort of individuals with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) cirrhosis. MeTHODS We conducted a retrospective case-control study of a well-characterized cohort of patients among five liver transplant centers with NASH cirrhosis with(cases) and without HCC(controls).ReSULTS Ninety-four cases and 150 controls were included. Cases were significantly more likely to be male than controls(67% vs 45%, P er age(61.9 years vs 58 years, P = 0.002). In addition, cases were more likely to have had complications of end stage liver disease(83% vs 71%, P = 0.032). On multivariate analysis, the strongest association with the presence of HCC were male gender(OR 4.3, 95%CI: 1.83-10.3, P = 0.001) and age(OR = 1.082, 95%CI: 1.03-1.13, P = 0.001). Hispanic ethnicity was associated with a decreased prevalence of HCC(OR = 0.3, 95%CI: 0.09-0.994, P = 0.048). HCC was predominantly in the form of a single lesion with regional lymph node(s) and distant metastasis in only 2.6% and 6.3%, respectively. Fifty-nine point three percent of individuals with HCC underwent locoregional therapy and 61.5% underwent liver transplantation for HCC. CONCLUSION Male gender, increased age and non-Hispanic ethnicity are associated with HCC in NASH cirrhosis. NASH cirrhosis associated HCC in this cohort was characterized by early stage disease at diagnosis and treatment with locoregional therapy and transplant.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Cirrhosis Gender ethnicity

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Resampling Simulator for the Probability of Detecting Invasive Species in Large Populations

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Journal of Software engineering and Applications 2014年第6期7卷 498-505页

作者： David e. Legg Jeffrey G. Fidgen krista L. Ryall Department of ecosystem Science and Management University of Wyoming Laramie USA Great Lakes Forestry Centre Sault Ste. Marie Canada

This paper proposes a resampling simulator that will calculate probabilities of detecting invasive species infesting hosts that occur in large numbers. Different methods were examined to determine the bias of observed cumulative distribution functions (c.d.f.s), generated from prototype resampling simulators. One involved seeing if they matched theoretical c.d.f.s, which were generated using formulae for calculating the probability of the union of many events (union formulae), which are known to be correct. Others involved assessing the bias of observed c.d.f.s, generated from using prototype resampling simulators operating on much larger simulated populations, when computation of theoretical c.d.f.s from the union formulae was not practical. examples are given for using the proposed resampling simulator for detecting an invasive insect pest within the context of an invasive species management system.

关键词： Resampling Simulator Detection of Invasive Species Invasive Species Management System Large Populations

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Tissue distribution and tumor uptake of folate receptor–targeted epothilone folate conjugate,BMS-753493,in CD2F1 mice after systemic administration

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2016年第5期6卷 460-467页

作者： Hong Shen Lifei Wang Weiqi Chen krista Menard Yang Hong Yuan Tian Samuel J.Bonacorsi W.Griffith Humphreys Francis Y.Lee Jinping Gan Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development Discovery Oncology Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development Chemistry Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development

To assess targeting of an epothilone folate conjugate(BMS-753493) to the folate receptor(FR)-overexpressed tumor in mice bearing both FRt and FR– tumors,a series of experiments were conducted by quantitative whole-body autoradiography(QWBA) and LC–MS/MS following *** of BMS-753493 or its active moiety,BMS-748285 in mice bearing FRt(98M109) and FR–(M109) *** showed [3H]BMS-753493–derived radioactivity was extensively distributed to various *** FR over-expressing 98M109 tumors showed consistently higher level of radioactivity than FR-negative tumors(i.e.,M109 tumors) up to 48 h post dose of [3H]BMS-753493,despite the magnitude of difference between the tumors is relatively small(generally 3 5-fold).The radioactivity level in 98M109 tumors was 2 12-fold of normal tissues except intestine/content at 48 h post *** selective radioactivity uptake into 98M109 tumors over M109 or normal tissues was observed after *** of the active epothilone,[3H]***–MS/MS measurements demonstrated that the concentrations of BMS-748285,presumably from hydrolysis of the folate conjugate,in 98M109 tumors were greater than those in M109 tumors after *** of BMS-753493(2–3-fold) whereas no differential uptake in the tumors following BMS-748285 *** data were consistent with radioactivity *** results demonstrated that the folate conjugation in BMS-753493 enabled moderately preferential distribution of the active epothilone to FR overexpressing 98M109 tumors,thereby supporting targeted delivery of cytotoxics through the folate receptor.

关键词： Folate receptor Tumor selective targeting Folate receptor–expressing tumor epothilone folate conjugate Tissue distribution Tumor uptake

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effects of Salt Pond Restoration on Benthic Flux: Sediment as a Source of Nutrients to the Water Column

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Journal of environmental Protection 2016年第7期7卷 1064-1071页

作者： Brent R. Topping James S. Kuwabara James L. Carter krista K. Garrett eric Mruz Sarah Piotter John Y. Takekawa U.S. Geological Survey Menlo Park CA USA U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Fremont CA USA U.S. Geological Survey Vallejo CA USA

Understanding nutrient flux between the benthos and the overlying water (benthic flux) is critical to restoration of water quality and biological resources because it can represent a major source of nutrients to the water column. extensive water management commenced in the San Francisco Bay, Beginning around 1850, San Francisco Bay wetlands were converted to salt ponds and mined extensively for more than a century. Long-term (decadal) salt pond restoration efforts began in 2003. A patented device for sampling porewater at varying depths, to calculate the gradient, was employed between 2010 and 2012. Within the former ponds, the benthic flux of soluble reactive phosphorus and that of dissolved ammonia were consistently positive (i.e., moving out of the sediment into the water column). The lack of measurable nitrate or nitrite concentration gradients across the sediment-water interface suggested negligible fluxes for dissolved nitrate and nitrite. The dominance of ammonia in the porewater indicated anoxic sediment conditions, even at only 1 cm depth, which is consistent with the observed, elevated sediment oxygen demand. Nearby open-estuary sediments showed much lower benthic flux values for nutrients than the salt ponds under resortation. Allochthonous solute transport provides a nutrient advective flux for comparison to benthic flux. For ammonia, averaged for all sites and dates, benthic flux was about 80,000 kg/year, well above the advective flux range of -50 to 1500 kg/year, with much of the variability depending on the tidal cycle. By contrast, the average benthic flux of soluble reactive phosphorus was about 12,000 kg/year, of significant magnitude, but less than the advective flux range of 21,500 to 30,000 kg/year. These benthic flux estimates, based on solute diffusion across the sediment-water interface, reveal a significant nutrient source to the water column of the pond which stimulates algal blooms (often autotrophic). This benthic source may be augmented

关键词： Benthic Flux Nutrients Algal Blooms Restoration

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Pediatric obesity prevention:From na?ve examination of energy imbalance towards strategies that influence the competition for nutrient resources among tissues

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2015年第4期4卷 50-54页

作者： Lynae J Hanks Tina Simpson Kenneth McCormick krista Casazza Department of Kinesiology University of Montevallo Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Department of PediatricsUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham Division of endocrinology Department of PediatricsUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham

Current pediatric obesity interventions have collectively yielded relatively unsuccessful results. In this Field of Vision, we present plausible physiologic underpinnings fostering ineffectiveness of conventional strategies grounded in requisite induction of negative energy imbalance. Moreover, such recommendations exacerbate the underlying metabolic dysfunction by further limiting metabolic fuel availability, lowering energy expenditure, and increasing hunger(recapitulating the starvation response amid apparent nutritional adequacy) which precede and promote obesity during growth and development. The qualitative aspects of musculoskeletal system(i.e., endocrine response, muscle functional capacity) are likely to improve metabolic function and increase nutrient delivery and utilization. An intricate and complex system including multiple feedback mechanisms operates to homeostatically regulate energy balance and support optimal body composition trajectories and metabolic health, during growth and development. Thus, ignoring the interdependencies of regulatory growth processes initiates a nuanced understanding of energy regulation and thus misguided attempts at preventive strategies. Importantly, these gains are not dependent upon weight-loss, rather we suggest can be achieved through resistance training. Collectively, optimizing musculoskeletal health via resistance training elicits augmentation of competitive capacity across systems. Further, substantial gains can be achieved in skeletal muscle mass, strength, and functional capacity through resistance training in a relatively short period of time.

关键词： Childhood obesity Metabolic control energy balance Resistance training effective intervention strategies Weight loss Musculoskeletal health

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