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Higher Grain-Filling Rate in Inferior Spikelets of Tolerant Rice Genotype Offset Grain Yield Loss under post-Anthesis High Night Temperatures

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Rice science 2024年第5期31卷 572-586,I0059-I0061页

作者： Nitin SHARMA Bhupinder SINGH Subbaiyan Gopala krishnan Haritha BOLLINEDI pranab Kumar MANDAL Milan Kumar LAL prakash Kumar JHA p.v.vara pRASAD Anjali ANAND Division of plant physiology Indian Council of Agricultural Research(ICAR)-Indian Agricultural Research Institute(IARI)New Delhi 110012India Division of Environment Science ICAR-IARINew Delhi 110012India Division of Genetics ICAR-IARINew Delhi 110012India ICAR-National Institute for plant Biotechnology New Delhi 110012India Division of Crop physiology and Biochemistry ICAR-National Rice Research InstituteCuttack 753006India Department of plant and Soil Sciences Mississippi State UniversityStarkvilleMS 39762USA Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Collaborative Research on Sustainable Intensification Kansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506USA Department of Agronomy Kansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506USA

Increased nighttime respiratory losses decrease the amount of photoassimilates available for plant growth and yield. We hypothesized that the increased respiratory carbon loss under high night temperatures(HNT) could be compensated for by increased photosynthesis during the day following HNT exposure. Two rice genotypes, vandana(HNT-sensitive) and Nagina 22(HNT-tolerant), were exposed to HNT(4 ℃ above the control) from flowering to physiological maturity. They were assessed for alterations in the carbon balance of the source(flag leaf) and its subsequent impact on grain filling dynamics and the quality of spatially differentiated sinks(superior and inferior spikelets). Both genotypes exhibited significantly higher night respiration rates. However, only Nagina 22 compensated for the high respiration rates with an increased photosynthetic rate, resulting in a steady production of total dry matter under HNT. Nagina 22 also recorded a higher grain-filling rate, particularly at 5 and 10 d after flowering, with 1.5- and 4.0-fold increases in the translocation of ^(14)C sugars to the superior and inferior spikelets, respectively. The ratio of photosynthetic rate to respiratory rate on a leaf area basis was negatively correlated with spikelet sterility, resulting in a higher filled spikelet number and grain weight per plant, particularly for inferior grains in Nagina 22. Grain quality parameters such as head rice recovery, high-density grains, and gelatinization temperature were maintained in Nagina 22. An increase in the rheological properties of rice flour starch in Nagina 22 under HNT indicated the stability of starch and its ability to reorganize during the cooling process of product formation. Thus, our study showed that sink adjustments between superior and inferior spikelets favored the growth of inferior spikelets, which helped to offset the reduction in grain weight under HNT in the tolerant genotype Nagina 22.

关键词： high night temperature inferior grain pasting property radiolabeled sugar superior grain

Entropy generation minimization in the Carreau nanofluid flow over a convectively heated inclined plate with quadratic thermal radiation and chemical reaction:A Stefan blowing application

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propulsion and power Research 2024年第2期13卷 233-244页

作者： B.Lavanya J.Girish Kumar M.Jayachandra Babu C.S.K.raju Bander Almutairi Nehad Ali Shah Department of Mathematics Manipal Institute of TechnologyManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnataka 576104India Department of Mathematics S.V.A Government CollegeSrikalahasti 517644India Department of Mathematics GITAM School of Science(GSS)GITAMBangaloreKarnatakaIndia Department of Mathematics College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451Saudi Arabia Department of Mechanical Engineering Sejong UniversitySeoul 05006South Korea

Entropy analysis can help to identify the sources of entropy generation in a heat transfer process more accurately than other methods,such as energy efﬁciency *** is because entropy analysis takes into account the quality of energy as well as its ***-noﬂuids have already been shown to have superior heat transfer characteristics compared to conventionalﬂ*** blowing can further enhance the heat transfer capabilities of nano-ﬂuids by increasing the massﬂux and turbulence at the *** can be beneﬁcial in a wide range of applications,such as heat exchangers,electronic cooling,and solar energy *** convective boundary condition accounts for heat transfer effects,inﬂuencing temperature distribution and the thermal boundary *** on the direction of heat transfer,the convective boundary condition can induce cooling or heating effects on the inclined *** has practical implications for various engineering applications,such as the cooling of electronic devices or heating in industrial *** nanofluids have a wide range of potential applications in heat transfer,energy storage,drug delivery,and food *** research investigates how the presence of Stefan blowing affects the properties of Carreau nanofluid flow across a convectively heated tilted *** and mass transport phenomena are studied using quadratic thermal radiation and chemical reaction *** mathematical model for this work is based on the Buongiorno *** governing equations are converted into a system of ordinary differential equations and then solved using the bvp4c *** parameters such as the mass transfer rate can be visualized using bar *** study’s primary findings are that when the Weissenberg number increases,the velocity rises and the concentration profile declines due to Brownian *** is discovered that,when 0.5≤γ≤3(the inverse porosity parameter),the friction factor declines by 0.34001(

关键词： Thermal radiation Bvp4C Stefan blowing Biot number Brownian motion Irreversibilit

Structural,morphological,optical and antibacterial performances of rare earth(Sm)-doped ZnO nanorods

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第11期42卷 2119-2127页

作者： A.Ravi J.Samuel S.Sahaya Jude Dhas S.Usharani Turibius Simon D.Senthil Kumar S.K.Jasmin vijitha A.Sivakumar raju Suresh Kumar C.S.Biju Department of physics University College of Engineering Department of physics and Research Centre Malankara Catholic College Manonmaniam Sundaranar University Saveetha School of Engineering Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical SciencesSaveetha University Department of Chemistry S.I.V.E.T College Department of Biotechnology Vivekanandha College of Arts and Science for Woman (Autonomous) Department of physics Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr.Sagunthala R & D Institute of Science and Technology Department of physics & Research Centre Muslim Arts College Key Laboratory of High-temperature and High-pressure Study of the Earth's Interior Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Department of Chemistry College of ScienceKing Saud University Department of physics St. Alphonsa College of Arts and Science

The significant rise of ultra-violet（Uv） radiation and pathogenic infectious bacteria poses a serious threat to global *** researchers' interests are attracted by novel materials with strong Uvblocking ability,antibacterial activity and low toxicity to other *** this case,a simple wet chemical method with different annealing temperatures（400,500,and 600℃） was employed to create highly effective rare earth（Sm）-doped ZnO ***（101） plane of wurtzite ZnO shifts towards a lower angle with increasing annealing temperature,according to the X-ray diffraction（XRD） study findings,which additionally establishes the consequence of lattice *** of doublet peaks of Sm 3d(Sm 3d5/2and Sm 3d3/2) in the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XpS） spectrum clearly validates the substitution of Sm3+ions in the 500℃-annealed *** 500℃-annealed nanorods exhibit combined performances of the wide band gap,improved Uv absorbance,and vivid green luminescent emission（563 nm）.Additio nally,the nanorods have favorable Uv-blocking execution of 96% for UvA at 360 nm,92% for UvB at 320 nm,and 57% for UvC at 225 nm,which is greater than the majority of ZnO-related materials that have been reported up to this *** doping is also appropriate for improving bacterial inhibition against the two studied strains（Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus）,in addition to the intriguing features discussed ***,with maximum inhibition zone diameters of 20±0.72 and 18±0.57 mm,respectively,these nanorods exhibit high inhibitory action against *** and *** bacterial *** rare earth-doped material developed during the current experiment,which was annealed at 500℃,could potentially serve as an effective replacement for Uv-blocking and antibacterial material,especially for biomedical applications.

关键词： Bacterial inhibition Metal oxide Rare earth doping Uv-Shielding Wet chemical method

Characterization of mixing in an optimized designed T–T mixer with cylindrical elements

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2019年第10期27卷 2337-2351页

作者： T.Manoj Dundi v.R.K.raju v.p.Chandramohan Mechanical Engineering Department National Institute of TechnologyWarangalTelangana StateIndia

passive micromixers are preferred over active mixers for many microfluidic applications due to their relative ease in integration into complex systems and operational *** also incur very low cost of ***,the degree of mixing is comparatively low in passive mixers than active mixers due to the absence of disturbance in the flow by external forces and the inherent laminar nature of microchannel *** designs of complex channel structures and three-dimensional geometries have been investigated in the past to obtain an efficient mixing in passive *** the studies on mixing enhancement with simple planar geometries of passive mixers have been few and *** present work aims to investigate the possibility of mixing enhancement by employing simple planar type designs,such as T-mixer and T–T mixer with cylindrical elements placed in the mixing *** mixing performance has been evaluated in the Reynolds number range of 6 *** results have shown that T–T mixer with cylindrical elements performed significantly well and obtained very good mixing quality over basic T-mixer for the entire range of Reynolds number(6 to 700).The device has also shown better mixing as compared to basic T–T mixer and T-mixer with cylindrical elements.A larger pair of vortices formed in the stagnation area due to the presence of a cylindrical element in the *** elements downstream caused significant enhancement in mixing due to splitting and recombining *** size of the cylindrical element in the T–T mixer has been optimized to obtain better mixing performance of the *** improvement in mixing quality by T–T mixer with cylindrical elements has been obtained at the expense of small rise in pressure drop as compared to other passive designs considered in this ***,the current design of T–T mixer with cylindrical elements can act as an effective and simple passive mixing device for various mi

关键词： CFD-simulation Cylindrical elements Micromixers Mixing quality Obstructions T–T-mixer

A review on the current status of Fe-Al based ferritic lightweight steel

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2023年第8期26卷 1-22页

作者： Shivkumar Khaple Brahma raju Golla v.v.Satya prasad Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory HyderabadIndia Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department National Institute of TechnologyWarangalIndia

There is an ever-growing demand for lightweighting of steel for structural applications,particularly for automobile and transportation *** is mainly to improve the fuel efficiency,reduce the CO_(2) emissions and cater the increased passenger ***,the main focus is to reduce the density of the steel structure without affecting other *** can be achieved by down-gauging of the conventional steel by replacing the steel with higher strength,however,it is limited by dent resistance and ***,the novel idea is to reduce the density of the steel *** is well-known that addition of Al to steel reduces the density of the *** 1wt% of Al addition to steel can reduce the density by 1.3%,decreases the elastic modulus by 2% and it improves the strength by about 40 *** is a new class of low-density/lightweight steel with addition of about 6-9 wt% Al to *** of higher than 9 wt%of Al in steel leads to embrittlement issues due to ordering and environmental *** disordered Fe-Al lightweight steels have raised considerable interest due to their low-density,high ductility,costeffectiveness and feasibility for bulk *** low-density steels are envisaged in the development of an advanced lightweight ground transportation system,huge structures and also for certain defence applications and in thermal power plants.

关键词： Low-density steels Disordered FeeAl Thermo-mechanical processing Microstructure properties Structure-property correlation

Effect of wall temperature modulation on the heat transfer characteristics of droplet-train flow inside a rectangular microchannel

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2020年第3期28卷 685-697页

作者： vivekanand S.v.B.,raju v.R.K. Department of Mechanical Engineering National Institute of TechnologyWarangalTelangana 506004India

The numerical studies of water–oil two-phase slug flow inside a two-dimensional vertical microchannel subjected to modulated wall temperature boundary conditions have been discussed in the present *** researchers have contributed their efforts in exploring the characteristics of Taylor flows inside microchannel under constant wall heat flux or isothermal wall ***,there is no study available in the literature which discusses the impact of modulated thermal wall boundary conditions on the heat transfer behavior of slug flows inside ***,to bridge this gap,an effort has been made to understand the heat transfer characteristics of the flow under sinusoidal wall temperature ***,a single phase flow and heat transfer study was performed in microchannels,and the results of the fully developed velocity profile and heat transfer rate were validated with benchmark analytical *** an optimal selection of the combination of sinusoidal thermal wall boundary conditions has been made for the two-phase slug flow ***,the effects of amplitude(0 bεb 0.03)and frequency(0 bωb 750πrad·s-1)of the sinusoidal wall temperature profile on the heat transfer have been studied using the optimal combination of the wall boundary *** results of the numerical study using modulated temperature conditions on channel walls showed a significant improvement in the heat transfer over liquid-only flow by approximately 50%as well as over two-phase flow without wall temperature *** non-dimensional temperature contours obtained for different cases of temperature modulation clearly explain the root cause of such improvement in the heat ***,the results based on the hydrodynamics of the flow have also been reported in terms of variation of droplet shapes and film *** influence of Capillary number on the film thickness as well as heat transfer rates has also been *** addition,the measured fil

关键词： Heat transfer Microchannel Modulation Surface tension Taylor flow

Thermo-diffusion impact on immiscible flow characteristics of convectively heated vertical two-layered Baffle saturated porous channels in a suspension of nanoparticles:an analytical study

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2023年第2期44卷 307-324页

作者： S.p.v.ANANTH B.N.HANUMAGOWDA S.v.K.vARMA C.S.K.raju I.KHAN p.RANA Department of Mathematics School of Applied SciencesREVA UniversityBangalore 560064India Department of Mathematics GITAM School of ScienceGITAM UniversityBangalore 562163India Department of Mathematics College of Science Al-ZulfiMajmaah UniversityAl-Majmaah 11952Saudi Arabia School of Mathematical Sciences College of Science and TechnologyWenzhou-Kean UniversityWenzhou 325060Zhejiang ProvinceChina

The heat and mass transfer of two immiscible fluids in an inclined channel with thermal diffusion,vicious,and Darcy dissipation is *** first region consists of a clear fluid,and the second one is filled with a nanofluid saturated with a porous *** behaviors of Cu-H_(2)O,In-H_(2)O,and Au-H_(2)O nanofluids are *** transport properties are assumed to be *** coupled non-linear equations of the flow model are transformed into the dimensionless form,and the solutions for the velocity,temperature,and concentration are obtained by the regular perturbation *** are carried out on the flow characteristics for various values of the material *** results show that the velocity and temperature of the fluids enhance with the thermal Grashof number,solutal Grashof number,and Brinkman number while decrease with the porosity parameter and solid volume fraction.

关键词： viscous fluid nanofluid heat and mass transfer thermal diffusion

Application of geospatial modelling technique in delineation of fluoride contamination zones within Dwarka Basin, Birbhum, India

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Geoscience Frontiers 2017年第5期8卷 1105-1114页

作者： raju Thapa Srimanta Gupta D.v.Reddy Department of Environmental Science The University of Burdwan Burdwan 713104 West Bengal India CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute Hyderabad 500007 Telangana India

Dwarka River Basin is one of the fluoride affected river basin in Birbhum, West Bengal. In the present research work, various controlling factors for fluoride contamination in groundwater i.e., geology, aquifer type, groundwater table, soil, rainfall, geomorphology, drainage density, land use land cover, lineament and fault density, slope and elevation were considered to delineate the potential fluoride contamination zones within Dwarka River Basin in Birbhum. Assigning weights and ranks to various inputs factor class and their sub-class respectively was carried out on the basis of knowledge driven method. Weighted overlay analysis was carried out to generate the final potential fluoride contamination zones which are classified into two broad classes i.e., 'high' and 'low', and it is observed that major portion of the study area falls under low fluoride contamination category encompassing 88.61% of the total area which accounts for 759.48 km^2 and high fluoride contaminated region accounts for 11.40% of the total study area encompassing an area of about 97.67 km^2. Majority of high fluoride areas fall along the flood plain of Dwarka River Basin. Finally, for validation 197 reported points within Dwarka having fluoride in underground water are overlaid and an overall accuracy of 92.15% is observed. An accuracy of 83.21% and84.24% is obtained for success and prediction rate curve respectively.

关键词： Fluoride Groundwater Weighted overlay method potential fluoride contamination zone Dwarka Basin India

Two Classes of New Exact Solutions to （2＋1）-Dimensional Breaking Soliton Equation

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Communications in Theoretical physics 2005年第5X期44卷 807-809页

作者： pENG Yan-Ze E.v. krishnan Department of Mathematics Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China Department of Mathematics and Statistics Sultan Qaboos University P.O. Box 36 A1-Khod 123 Muscat Sultanate of Oman

The singular manifold method is used to obtain two general solutions to a (2+1)-dimensional breaking soliton equation, each of which contains two arbitrary functions. Then the new periodic wave solutions in terms of the Jacobi elliptic functions are generated from the general solutions. The long wave limit yields the new types of dromion and solitary structures.

关键词： (2+1)-dimensional breaking soliton equation exact solutions singular manitold method