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Formulation and evaluation of acyclovir microcapsules using bakers yeast

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2010年第6期3卷 454-457页

作者： krishnan pn Saraswathi R Dilip C Ramarao N Al Shifa College of Pharmacy KizhatturPerinthalmannaKerala.Pin-679325 Chalapathi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Guntur-522034Andhra Pradesh

Objective:To formulate and evaluate acyclovir microcapsules using bakers ***: Acyclovir,pretreated yeast and deionised water were taken at a volumetric ratio of 1:2:4 *** suspension was agitated in a magnetic stirrer at 25℃30℃.35℃,and 40℃for 4 *** suspension was then centrifuged for 10 minutes at 2 000 *** supernatant solution was decanted and the cells were washed 5 times with deionised *** the suspended drug entrapped yeast cells were dried in a lyophillizer for 48 *** yield was ***:The first four formulations were done with 200 mg of the drug,followed by 400 mg for the next four formulations and 800 mg the last four *** showed that the surface of the microcapsules was intact,with no burst *** showed no interaction between acyclovir and the cell *** showed that the peak was within the standard values. The mean particle size for all the samples was 8μm in *** dissolution studies were done for all the twelve samples and showed a Fickian model of ***: From the results it is inferred that the samples prepared at 40℃(FY-4,FY- 8,FY-12) show better entrapment and *** these samples are formulated in the form of a suspension and compared with marketed acyclovir suspension using HPLC *** formulated suspensions with FY-4,FY-8 and FY-12 shows drug content in accordance with the standards of the pharmacopoeial limits.

关键词： Acyclovir Yeast Formulation

Isolation of the mucilages from Hibiscus rosasinensis *** Okra(Abelmoschus esculentus linn.) and studies of the binding effects of the mucilages

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2010年第7期3卷 539-543页

作者： Ameena K Dilip C Saraswathi R krishnan pn Sankar C Simi SP Al Shifa College of Pharmacy KizhatturPerinthalmanna.Kerala679325India

Objective:To isolate and evaluate comparatively the binding efficacy of the mucilages obtained from the plants of Hibiscus rosasinensis and Okra(Abelmoschus esculentus).Methods:Extraction of mucilages from the leaves of Hibiscus and pods of Okra(Ladies finger) was carried out by a cold maceration *** extracted mucilages were subjected to various physicochemical properties for its suitability as an excipient in the formulation of tablet dosage *** concentrations(10,8,5,2 and 1%w/v) of binder solutions of Hibiscus and Okra were used for the formulation of tablets and the formulated tablets were evaluated by studying the standard parameters like diameter,thickness,weight variation,hardness,friability,disintegration and in vitro *** studies of the formulated tablets were conducted for four weeks. Results:The formulated tablets prepared using the mucilages of both Hibiscus and Okra had good *** in vitro drug release profile of the tablets prepared using Okra mucilage had an optimum of 90%at a mucilage concentration of 1%w/v concentration mucilage itself within 4 ***:According to the observations,the lower concentration levels of Okra can be used as an alternative binder to *** higher concentration levels of Okra mucilage show a slow and sustained release,and can be considered as an alternative natural excipient in the modified drug delivery *** the same time,the above natural excipient of Hibiscus mucilage could be used as a platform for prolonged release if its binder concentrations are increased.

关键词： Formulation Hibiscus Tablets

Formulation and evaluation of Albendazole microcapsules for colon delivery using chitosan

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2010年第5期3卷 374-378页

作者： Simi SP Saraswathi R Sankar C krishnan pn Dilip C Ameena K Al Shifa College Of Pharmacy KizhatturPerinthalmannaKerala.Pin-679325India

Objective:To formulate and evaluate Albendazole microcapsules using chitosan,a natural polymer for colon-specific delivery for better treatment of helminthiasis,filariasis,colorectal cancer,avoiding the side ***:The Albendazole microcapsules were prepared by the use of different concentrations of sodium alginate,chitosan and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose(HPMC).The polysaccharides chitosan reacted with sodium alginate in the presence of calcium chloride to form microcapsules with a polyelectrolyte complex membrane by electrostatic interactions between the two oppositely charged *** microcapsules were then studied for entrapment efficiency,drug-polymer compatibility and surface morphology. In vitro drug release study in presence and absence of cecal content were also ***, kinetic modellings were employed to find out release ***:Albendazole loaded microspheres showd high entrapment efficiency(72.8%) and the microcapsules were free flowing,non aggregated and spherical,between 600 and 1 000μm in *** surface of microcapsules were found to be porous and *** FT-IR spectrum showed that there is no interaction between the polymer and the *** in vitro drug release study found to be affected by change in chitosan,sodium alginate and HPMC *** microcapsules with 2.5% sodium alginate and 0.4% chitosan shown minimum release in gastrointestinal simulated condition but shows maximum drug release at the end of 24th hour in presence of cecal *** rate of drug release follows Korsmeyer-peppas model that was the drug release is by diffusion and ***:The study reveals that Albendazole loaded chitosanalginate based microsphere can be used effectively for the colon targeting.

关键词： Colon drug delivery Albendazole Chitosan Sodium alginate Microcapsule

Comparitive evaluation of different systems of medicines and the present scenario of chikungunya in Kerala

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2010年第6期3卷 443-447页

作者： Dilip C Saraswathi R krishnan pn AK Azeem Raseena Abdul azeez Ramya Jaywin jose Al Shifa College Of Pharmacy KizhatturPerinthalmannaKeralaPin-679325

Objective:To identify the chikungunya outbreaks in both indoor and outdoor patients in some selected hospitals in our locality and the burden and magnitude of the disease,to compare different system of medicines(allopathic,Ayurvedic,homeopathy etc) and to explore the knowledge,attitude and practices of pharmacists and other health care professionals in the treatment of ***:A six-month study was carried *** history was taken from the case history,personal interview of doctors and suspected *** data such as name age,sex,location,date of onset of illness,medical history,general/systemic examination features,drugs used(allopathy,Ayurveda,homeopathy,or traditional) for the treatment,*** noted down.A simple questionnaire was prepared and distributed to various doctors practicing various systems of ***:A total of 209 suspected cases were identified from July to December,*** in the age group of 20-40 years were more *** study revealed that females were more affected than *** Grade-Ⅲ(58.73%) population was more prone to chikungunya than Grade-Ⅱ(38.75%) and Grade-Ⅰ(2.87%).It showed that fever,pain in muscles, and sleeping disturbances were the intense symptoms of *** and arthritis were concomitant diseases which worsened chikungunya *** also indicated the effective medicine for compliance is nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs(NSAIDS).Conclusions:From our study we found that in some places there is no proper documentation,even though there are proper guidelines framed by the relevant *** can be concluded from the study that all the systems of medicine are equally important for the management of *** effort in promoting the guidelines at local level and proper documentation helps to achieve the goal of curbing the *** is high time to increase our effort and promote these messages at grassroot level which benefits the society/ communi

关键词： Chikungunya Systems of medicine Outbreak

Irrational drug use-a pilot prescription study from Calicut,Kerala

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海南医学院学报 2009年第12期15卷 1512-1515页

作者： Dilip C Saraswathi R krishnan pn Vinod thomas Sanal dev Prasanth NV Subashpillai Al Shifa College Of Pharmacy

Objective:To describe the prescribing behavior of the physician in Kerala,and to describe types and number of medicine prescribed by doctors so as to rationalize the prescription writing habits of ***: A six month study was done to define the pattern of drug use in Medical college hospital,Calicut. The data and the other important aspects of study were collected by personal interview,questionnaires meant for doctors and prescription monitoring Performa for the patients issued by WHO. The findings of survey were critically ***: The results indicated that majority of doctors prescribed on the basis of patient's history,patient's feed back report,drug availability,brand cost,quality of drug and ADRs. All the interviewed doctors looked upon the side effects. It was found that individual drugs were prescribed more than fixed dose combinations (85.6%). Out of these 71.5% were prescribed as branded and 28.5% as generic. The demographic data,like name,age,sex,disease diagnosis were available on all the patient health care cards and these constituted an essential part of the prescription particularly age and sex being an important in deciding the dose preference for patients. Socio economically most patients were found to be in the grade ⅡI (Population below poverty line). During the study of drug related parameters,doses were mentioned only in 80% of the prescription. But duration of the drug therapy was found to be only 30%.These indicated the irrational use of prescription. Branded drugs prescribed were found to be 71.5%,which showed a trend towards a good prescription habit. The results indicated the rational use of ***: The survey reveales that most of the doctors in Medical college hospital,Calicut are maintaining rational use of drugs and their prescription writing habits was found to be good.

关键词：医生医师医学临床

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Integration of remote sensing and GIS in monitoring the dynamics of land cover in Oroba-Kibos catchment area,Kenya

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遥感学报 2011年第3期15卷 595-603页

作者： Were KO Owenga PO Wagate pn Orlale R Kenya Agricultural Research Institute Kenya Soil Survey

Land cover in Kenya is in a state of flux at different spatial and temporal *** compromises environmental integrity and socioeconomic stability of the population hence increasing their vulnerability to the externalities of environmental *** Oroba-Kibos catchment area in western Kenya is one locality where rapid land use changes have taken place over the last 30 *** shrubs,swamps,natural forests and other critical ecosystems have been converted on the altar of agriculture,human settlement,fuel wood and *** paper presents the results of a study that aimed at providing spatially-explicit information for effective remedial response through(a) Mapping the land cover;(b) Identifying the spatial distribution of land cover changes;(c) Determining the nature,rates and magnitude of the land cover changes,and;(d) Establishing the drivers of land use leading to land cover changes in Oroba-Kibos catchment ***-temporal Landsat TM imagery,field observation,household survey and ancillary data were ***-field classification of the Landsat TM imagery was performed in a GIS and the resultant land cover maps assessed using the field observation ***-classification comparison of the maps was then done to detect changes in land cover that had occurred between 1994 and *** was used to analyze the household survey data and attribute the detected land cover changes to their *** findings showed that 9 broad classes characterize the catchment area including the natural forests,swamps,natural water bodies,woodlands,shrublands,built-up lands,grasslands,bare lands and *** are dominant and accounted for about 65%(57122 ha) of the total land in 1994,which increased at the rate of 0.89% to 73%(64772 ha) in 2008,while natural water bodies has the least spatial coverage accounting for about 0.6%(561 ha) of the total land in 1994,which diminished at the rate of 3.57% to 0.3%(260 ha) in ***,altitude,access and rights to

关键词： land cover classification change detection remote sensing GIS Oroba-Kibos catchment

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Role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in sustainable crop production and forestry in Sri Lanka-A review

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Studies in Fungi 2021年第1期6卷 437-449页

作者： Madhushan KWA Herath BMMD Karunarathna SC Yapa pn Department of Plant Sciences Faculty of AgricultureRajarata University of Sri LankaAnuradhapuraSri Lanka Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Applied SciencesRajarata University of Sri LankaMihintale(50300)Sri Lanka CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201P.R.China

Mycorrhizae are symbiotic associations between a soil-borne fungus and plant *** mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)are the most common type of mycorrhizal associations occurring in *** can increase plant growth mainly by improving nutrient uptake and making plants resistant to several biotic and abiotic ***,AMF could be referred to as an important biofertilizer for the crop ***,in Sri Lankan context,seems the knowledge and use of AMF is limited,though there is a great potential of using AMF for sustainable crop production and *** review provides an overview on the benefits of AMF for agriculture and forestry with the studies that have been carried out to attain them,in Sri Lanka.

关键词： Agriculture Arbuscular mycorrhizae Biofertilizer Forestry

On hydraulic falls of single-layer flow

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 1996年第1期15卷 19-30页

作者： Xu Zhaoting Tian Jiwei Lou Shunli andSamuel Shan pn Shen Institute of Physical Oceanography Physical Oceanography Laboratory Ocean University of Qingdao Qingdao 266003 China Department of Mathematics Institute of Applied Mathematics University of Alberta Edmonton Alta. T6G 2G1 Canada

Hydraulic falls of single-layer now are determined theoretically in terms of a time-dependent averaged fKdV equation(AfKdV equation)in phase coordinate. From the theory of the present paper it was known that difference of the asymptotic mean levels upstream and downsream at the subcritical cutoff points is just equal to a subcritical value of the AfKdV equation An experiment is carried out to examine the theoretical results. From comparison between theoreticaland experimental results, it was shown that they are in good *** the same time, it should be pointed out that the theory of the present paper is agreement with the experimental and numerical results of Forbes and can be employed to find the generating properties of the precursor solitons at near-resonance.

关键词： Hydraulic fall fKdV equation subcritical cutoff point single-layer flow

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用抗牛胰岛素单克隆抗体鉴别不同种属胰岛素

中国医学科学院学报 1985年第6期7卷 409-414页

作者：吴从愿,pn Jφrgensen 中国医学科学院协和医院内分泌科丹麦NOVO公司北京

竞争性结合抑制反应的结果表明,5种抗牛胰岛素单克隆抗体具有不同程度的种属特异性,因而可用于识别人、猪,牛,马,狗、兔和大鼠等哺乳动物胰岛素.单克隆抗体3E7不但能区分人和猪及人和牛胰岛素,而且可测定人-猪胰岛素混合物中猪胰岛素的... 详细信息

竞争性结合抑制反应的结果表明,5种抗牛胰岛素单克隆抗体具有不同程度的种属特异性,因而可用于识别人、猪,牛,马,狗、兔和大鼠等哺乳动物胰岛素.单克隆抗体3E7不但能区分人和猪及人和牛胰岛素,而且可测定人-猪胰岛素混合物中猪胰岛素的含量。

关键词：胰岛素交叉反应种属特异性一级结构 McAb 豚鼠多肽抗原-抗体反应初级结构荷兰猪单克隆抗体种属