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Evaluation of sampling strategies to estimate crown biomass

Forest Ecosystems 2015年第1期2卷 20-30页

作者： krishna p poudel Hailemariam Temesgen Andrew N Gray Department of Forest Engineering Resources and Management College of Forestry Oregon State University USDA Forest Service PNW Research Station3200 SW Jefferson WayCorvallis OR 97331 USA

Background：Depending on tree and site characteristics crown biomass accounts for a significant portion of the total aboveground biomass in the *** biomass estimation is useful for different purposes including evaluating the economic feasibility of crown utilization for energy production or forest products,fuel load assessments and fire management strategies,and wildfire ***,crown biomass is difficult to predict because of the variability within and among species and *** the allometric equations used for predicting crown biomass should be based on data collected with precise and unbiased sampling *** this study,we evaluate the performance different sampling strategies to estimate crown biomass and to evaluate the effect of sample size in estimating crown ***：Using data collected from 20 destructively sampled trees,we evaluated 11 different sampling strategies using six evaluation statistics：bias,relative bias,root mean square error（RMSE）,relative RMSE,amount of biomass sampled,and relative biomass *** also evaluated the performance of the selected sampling strategies when different numbers of branches（3,6,9,and 12）are selected from each *** specific log linear model with branch diameter and branch length as covariates was used to obtain individual branch ***：Compared to all other methods stratified sampling with probability proportional to size estimation technique produced better results when three or six branches per tree were ***,the systematic sampling with ratio estimation technique was the best when at least nine branches per tree were *** the stratified sampling strategy,selecting unequal number of branches per stratum produced approximately similar results to simple random sampling,but it further decreased RMSE when information on branch diameter is used in the design and estimation ***：Use of auxiliary information in design or estimation phase reduc

关键词： Aboveground biomass Crown Sampling strategies pacific Northwest

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Estimating upper stem diameters and volume of Douglas-fir and Western hemlock trees in the pacific northwest

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Forest Ecosystems 2018年第3期5卷 199-210页

作者： krishna p.poudel Hailemariam Temesgen Andrew N.Gray Department of Forest Engineering Resources and Management College of Forestry Oregon State University USDA Forest Service PNW Research Station

Background: Volume and taper equations are essential for obtaining estimates of total and merchantable stem volume. Taper functions provide advantages to merchantable volume equations because they estimate diameter inside or outside bark at specific heights on the stem, enabling the estimation of total and merchantable stem volume, volume of individual logs, and a height at a given ***: Using data collected from 1218 trees(1093 Douglas-fir(pseudotsuga menziesii(Mirbel) Franco) and 125 western hemlock(Tsuga heterophylla)), we evaluated the performance of one simple polynomial function and four variable-exponent taper functions in predicting upper stem diameter. Sample trees were collected from different parts of the states of Oregon, Washington, and California. We compared inside-bark volume estimates obtained from the selected taper equation with estimates obtained from a simple logarithmic volume equation for the data obtained in this study and the equations used by the Forest Inventory and Analysis program in the pacific Northwest(FIA-pNW) in the state of California and western half of the states of Oregon and ***: Variable exponent taper equations were generally better than the simple polynomial taper *** FIA-pNW volume equations performed fairly well but volume equations with fewer parameters fitted in this study provided comparable results. The RMSE obtained from taper-based volume estimates were also comparable with the RMSE of the FIA-pNW volume equations for Douglas-fir and western hemlock trees ***: The taper equations fitted in this study provide added benefit to the users over the FIA-pNW volume equations by enabling the users to predict diameter at any height, height to a given diameter, and merchantable volume in addition to cubic volume including top and stump(CVTS) of Douglas-fir and western hemlock trees in the pacific Northwest. The findings of this study also give more confidence to the use

关键词： pacific northwest Biomass equations Utilization standards Diameter inside bark

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Impact of nutritional education on knowledge,attitude and practice regarding anemia among school children in Belgaum,India

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Global Health Journal 2022年第2期6卷 91-94页

作者： Adhikari poudel Sasmita Angolkar Mubashir Naik Vijaya Institute of Disaster Risk Reduction LalitpurNepal Department of public Health Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College KLE UniversityBelgaumIndia

Background:Anemia is a common public health problem throughout the globe with its main effect not only on health of people but also impact on socioeconomic development.A high prevalence of anemia among school children is an indication of a severe problem highlighting the necessity of proper action to prevent further *** study sought to study the impact of nutritional education on knowledge,attitude,and practice regarding anemia among school ***:This is an interventional study among school children of Kendriye Vidyalaya,No.2 Belgaum district,*** and self-administered questionnaires were used to know the knowledge,attitude and practice of student *** data were analyzed using paired t-test and McNemar ***:There was significant increment in the mean knowledge and attitude scores of the school children at the post-test *** increase of 51.2%in mean score of knowledge and overall increase of 20.7%in mean score of attitudes was found(pption pattern of iron rich foods especially ragi,jaggery,green leafy vegetables and sprouted grains was ***:The nutritional education resulted in improvement of knowledge and change in attitude regarding anemia as well as increase in consumption of foods rich in ***,nutritional education is one of the cost-effective and sustainable method for lowering the cases of anemia.

关键词： Anemia Nutritional education School children Intervention study

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Shifting paradigms for Nepal＇s protected areas： history, challenges and relationships

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Journal of Mountain Science 2017年第5期14卷 964-979页

作者： Babu R BHATTARAI Wendy WRIGHT Buddi S poudel Achyut ARYAL Bhupendra p YADAV Radha WAGLE Department of National parks and Wildlife Conservation #860KathmanduNepal Faculty of Science and Technology Federation University AustraliaVictoriaAustralia Department of Forest Research and Survey #3339KthmanduNepal Institute of Mathematical and Natural Sciences Massey University#102904AucklandNew Zealand Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation #12476 KathmanduNepal

The modern history of protected area(pA) management in Nepal dates back to 1973 when the National parks and Wildlife Conservation Act(1973) was promulgated and Chitwan National park was established. In the years immediately following these key events, protected area acts and regulations were strictly applied and the role of local people in managing natural resources was neglected. However with the passage of time, and with changes in the socio-political and economic characteristics of Nepal, management regimes have shifted towards a more liberal model which recognizes more clearly the contributions of people living and working within protected areas. Recently, landscape level conservation models including the designation of multiple use areas have been utilized in the development of management plans for protected areas in Nepal. Conservation agencies have attempted to tackle challenges such as land use conflict, poaching and smuggling of wildlife parts and illegal harvesting of highly valued medicinal herbs through regulation, but these efforts are not always successful. We recommend a holistic conflict resolution approach which recognizes and resolves the different needs of all stakeholders.

关键词： protected area National park Conservation Management Development history Nepal

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Impact of Right Ventricular Dysfunction in Morbidity and Mortality in patients with Inferior Wall Myocardial Infarction presenting to a Tertiary Care Center of Nepal

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2023年第11期13卷 780-794页

作者： Abhishesh Shakya Ratnamani Gajurel Chandramani poudel Anish Baniya Ravi Sahi Department of Cardiology Manmohan Cardiothoracic Vascular and Transplant Centre (MCVTC) Institute of Medicine TUTH Kathmandu Nepal Department of Cardiology Shahid Gangalal National Heart Centre Bansbari Nepal

Introduction: In comparison to anterior wall myocardial infarction, inferior wall myocardial infarction is generally regarded as a low risk event. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic impact of right ventricular (RV) myocardial involvement in patients with inferior wall myocardial infarction (IWMI). Methods: This is an observational study of 82 consecutive IWMI patients admitted and treated in Manmohan Cardiothoracic, Vascular and Transplant Center (MCVTC) from May 15 2018 to June 15 2019. The clinical characteristics, risk factors profile, electrocardiographic, echocardiographic, including RV function and angiographic characteristics, complications and in-hospital deaths were analyzed. Results: The mean age of patients presenting with IMWI was 64.8 ± 13.8 years with predominance of male (67%). Right ventricular myocardial infarction was present in 34.1% of patient with RV dysfunction in 25.6% patients. Mean Tricuspid Annular plane Systolic Excursion (TApSE), RV tricuspid annulus (S') and RV Fractional area change (FAC) in patients with RV dysfunction vs patients without RV dysfunction were 12.2 ± 3.3 mm vs 22.5 ± 3.5 mm (p pectively (p Conclusion: In inferior wall myocardial infarction, RV involvement with RV dysfunction is an independent risk factor for in-hospital mortality along with advanced age, complete atrioventricular block, higher Killip class, delayed hospital presentation, left ventricular ejection fraction phic evidence of triple vessel disease.

关键词： Anterior Wall Myocardial Infarction Inferior Wall Myocardial Infarction Right Ventricular Infarction prognosis

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Serum uric acid level in newly diagnosed essential hypertension in a Nepalese population:A hospital based cross sectional study

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Asian pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2014年第1期4卷 59-64页

作者： Bibek poudel Binod Kumar Yadav Arun Kumar Bharat Jha Kanak Bahadur Raut Department of Biochemistry Manipal College of Medical Sciences(MCOMS)Manipal Teaching Hospital(MTH) Research Institute of Clinical Medicine Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital Department of Biochemistry Institute of MedicineTribhuvan University Teaching Hospital(Institute of MedicineTUTH) Department of Internal.Medicine Institute of MedicineTribhuvan University Teaching Hospital(Institute of MedicineTUTH)

Objective:To develop the missing link between hyperuricemia and ***:The study was conducted in Department of Biochemistry in collaboration with Nephrology Unit of Internal Medicine *** was defined according to blood pressure readings by definitions of the Seventh Report of the Joint National *** 205newly diagnosed and untreated essential hypertensive cases and age-sex matched nonnotensive controls were enrolled in the *** potential confounding factors of hyperuricemia and hypertension in both cases and controls were *** acid levels in all participants were ***:Renal function between newly diagnosed hypertensive cases and nonnotensive healthy controls were *** mean serum uric acid observed in newly diagnosed hypertensive cases and in nonnotensive healthy controls were(290.05±87.03)μmol/L and(245.24±09.38)μmol/L respectively.A total of 59(28.8%)participants of cases and 28(13.7%)participants of controls had hyperuricemia(odds ratio 2.555(95%CI:1.549-4.213),pperuricemic subjects were found to be significantly higher in cases when compared to controls.

关键词： Newly diagnosed hypertension Serum uric acid Hyperuricemia Joint National Committee

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plasmon resonant amplification of a hot electron-driven photodiode

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Nano Research 2018年第4期11卷 2310-2314页

作者： Lang Shen Nirakar poudel George N. Gibson Bingya Hou Jihan Chen Haotian Shi Ernest Guignon William D. page Arturo pilar Stephen B. Cronin Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089 USA Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089 USA Department of physics University of Connecticut Storrs CT06269 USA Department of Chemistry University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089 USA Ciencia Inc. East Hartford CT 06108 USA Department of physics and Astronomy University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089 USA

We report plasmon resonant excitation of hot electrons in a photodetector based on a metal/oxide/metal （Au/Al2O3/graphene） heterostructure. In this device, hot electrons, excited optically in the gold layer, jump over the oxide barrier and are injected into the graphene layer, producing a photocurrent. To amplify this process, the bottom gold electrode is patterned into a plasmon resonant grating structure with a pitch of 500 nm. The photocurrent produced in this device is measured using 633-nm-wavelength light as a function of incident angle. We observe the maximum photocurrent at ＋10° from normal incidence under irradiation with light polarized parallel to the incident plane （p-polarization） and perpendicular to the lines on the grating, and a constant （angle-independent） photocurrent under irradiation with light polarized perpendicular to the incident plane （s-polarization） and parallel to the grating. These data show an amplification factor of 4.6× under resonant conditions. At the same angle （±10°）, we also observe sharp dips in the photoreflectance corresponding to wavevector matching between the incident light and the plasmon mode in the grating. In addition, finite-difference time-domain simulations predict sharp dips in the photoreflectance at ±10°, and the electric field intensity profiles show clear excitation of a plasmon resonant mode when illuminated with p-polarized light at this angle.

关键词： hot electrons plasmonic resonance plasmon grating photocurrent non-equilibrium

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Using Magnesium Sulfate to prevent Atrial Fibrillation after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery: A Single Centre Experience in Bangladesh

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2023年第9期13卷 565-577页

作者： Manoj Tiwari Md. Abir Tazim Chowdhury Hema poudel Munama Magdum Md. Mostafizur Rahman Vivek Kumar Jha Md. Ahaduzzaman Md. Abul Bashar Maruf Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery B.P. Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital Bharatpur Chitwan Nepal Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery Evercare Hospital Dhaka Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Dermatology and Venerology Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Community Medicine Shaheed Monsur Ali Medical College Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Cardiac Surgery Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Cardiac Surgery Ibn Sina Specialized Hospital Dhaka Bangladesh

Background: Atrial fibrillation commonly occurs following cardiac surgery, particularly after coronary artery bypass grafting. Magnesium, known for its stabilizing effect on cell membranes, has shown promise in preventing postoperative atrial fibrillation. This study aimed to assess the impact of intravenous magnesium infusion in preventing atrial fibrillation after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting, where maintaining stable cell membranes is crucial in averting this complication. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, from March 2020 to February 2022. Sixty-six patients who underwent off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting were enrolled and divided into two groups. Group A (n = 33) received intravenous magnesium sulfate (10 mmol/2.47gm) for three days after surgery, while Group B (n = 33) did not receive magnesium sulfate. postoperative atrial fibrillation occurrence in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) within three days after surgery was evaluated using convenient sampling. Statistical analysis was performed with SpSS version 26.0, utilizing independent Student’s t-test for continuous data and Chi-square and Fisher’s exact test for categorical data. A p-value of ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: No significant differences in age or gender were observed between the two groups. Group B exhibited significantly lower magnesium levels than Group A on the 0p>thp>, 1p>stp>, 2p>ndp>, and 3p>rdp> days post-surgery. Additionally, Group B experienced a higher incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation, longer ICU stays, and two mortalities. The study did not detect any adverse effects associated with magnesium infusion. Conclusion: It has been demonstrated that administering magnesium intravenously after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting can lower the chances of developing atrial fibrillation. This demonstrates the poten

关键词： Atrial Fibrillation (AF) Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) postopera-tive Atrial Fibrillation (pOAF) Magnesium Sulfate Bangladesh.

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石榴群体果实品质相关性状分析

石榴群体果实品质相关性状分析

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第三届中国园艺学会石榴分会会员代表大会暨首届中国泗洪软籽石榴高峰论坛、国家石榴产业科技创新联盟筹备会

作者：骆翔李好先赵弟广张富红陈利娜 krishna poudel 敬丹唐丽颖曹尚银中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所

以不同地理分布、不同表型变异的150份遗传多样性石榴种质为资源材料,对其果实品质相关性状进行测定,分析其在群体水平上的表型变异、相关关系及群体结构效应,以期为石榴优良品种资源的改良提供参考依据。研究结果表明群体的可溶性固形... 详细信息

以不同地理分布、不同表型变异的150份遗传多样性石榴种质为资源材料,对其果实品质相关性状进行测定,分析其在群体水平上的表型变异、相关关系及群体结构效应,以期为石榴优良品种资源的改良提供参考依据。研究结果表明群体的可溶性固形物含量在不同品种间变异相对稳定,而可滴定酸含量在不同品种间变异幅度较大。氨基酸总含量在ppp<0.01水平上显著负相关。群体遗传多样性分析表明该群体可以分为4个亚群。可溶性固形物含量变异在各个亚群中表型变异差异不显著,而氨基酸总含量、可溶性总糖及可滴定酸含量变异在不同亚群间差异显著。

关键词：石榴果实品质群体相关分析

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A rice variety with a high straw biomass retained nitrogen and phosphorus without affecting soil bacterial species

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Soil Ecology Letters 2020年第2期2卷 131-144页

作者： Xinqiang Liang Fayong Li Sheng Wang Guifen Hua Miaomiao He Guangming Tian Sangar Khan Ravin poudel Karen A.Garrett College of Environmental and Resource Sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China College of Life Information Science and Instrument Engineering Hangzhou Dianzi UniversityHangzhou 310018China Department of Life and Environmental Science Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou 310036China plant pathology Department Institute for Sustainable Food Systemsand Emerging Pathogens InstituteUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611USA

It is well documented that rice paddy fields act as agricultural wetlands that remove or retain nutrients;however,their associated effects on soil microbial communities are rarely *** present study evaluates the impact of rice variety on nutrient removal via plant uptake,nutrient retention in the soil,and bacterial associations in rice paddy fields,using a network analysis that compares the soil bacterial communities of two rice *** found that the high-straw rice variety(YD-1)allows uptake of a high amount of nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(p)from paddy rice fields via harvesting,but causes less residual total N and p to remain in the ***,both rice varieties(YD-1 and XS-134(Xiushui-134))had non-significant effects on the dominant bacterial *** short-term response of bacterial community diversity to rice variety is found to be mainly due to less frequently recovered species.A network analysis that incorporates soil nutrients as nodes,along with bacterial taxa,found that only one node representing the total p related to the non-dominant species had an indirect association with the rice straw *** observed short-term impact of the two rice varieties(XS-134 and YD-1)on soil bacterial diversity and nutrient surplus in these agricultural wetlands is limited under a high level of fertilization.

关键词： Agricultural wetland Network analysis Nutrient Rice variety Soil bacterial communities

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