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Determining bioclimatic space of Himalayan alder for agroforestry systems in Nepal

Plant Diversity 2018年第1期40卷 1-18页

作者： Santosh kumar Rana Hum Kala Rana krishna kumar shrestha Suresh Sujakhu Sailesh Ranjitkar Key Laboratory{or Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyKunming 650201China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Systematics and Biodiversity Unit Central Department of BotanyTribhuvan UniversityKirtipurKathmanduNepal jade Consult Private Limited KabilmargThapathaliKathmanduPOB 746Nepal World Agroforestry Centre East and Central Asia 132 Lanhei RdHeilongtanKunmingChina

Himalayan alder species are proven to be very useful in traditional as well as contemporary agroforestry practice. These nitrogen-fixing trees are also useful in the land restoration. Therefore, understanding the distribution of Himalayan alder and the potential zone for plantation is meaningful in the agroforestry sector. Suitable climatic zones of Alnus spp. were modelled in Max Ent software using a subset of least correlated bioclimatic variables for current conditions(1950 -2000), topographic variables(DEM derived) and Landuse Landcover(LULC) data. We generated several models and selected the best model against random models using ANOVA and t-test. The environmental variables that best explained the current distribution of the species were identified and used to project into the future. For future projections, ensemble scenarios of climate change projection derived from the results of 19 Earth System Models(ESM) were used. Our model revealed that the most favorable conditions for Alnus nepalensis are in central Nepal in the moist north-west facing slope, whereas for Alnus nitida they are in western Nepal.The major climatic factor that contributes to Alnus species distribution in Nepal appears to be precipitation during the warmest quarter for A. nepalensis and precipitation during the driest quarter for A. nitida. Future projections revealed changes in the probability distribution of these species, as well as where they need conservation and where they can be planted. Also, our model predicts that the distribution of Alnus spp. in hilly regions will remain unchanged, and therefore may represent sites that can be used to revitalize traditional agroforestry systems and extract source material for land restoration.

关键词： Alder Agroforestry Species distribution modeling Climate change MaxEnt

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Variation in Plant Functional Traits along Altitudinal Gradient and Land Use Types in Sagarmatha National Park and Buffer Zone, Nepal

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2019年第4期10卷 595-614页

作者： Srijana Shah krishna kumar shrestha Christoph Scheidegger Department of Plant Resources National Botanical Garden Kathmandu Nepal Central Department of Botany Tribhuvan University Kathmandu Nepal Ethnobotanical Society of Nepal (ESON) Kathmandu Nepal Swiss Federal Institute of Forest Snow and Landscape Research (WSL) Birmensdorf Switzerland

Functional traits are predictors of plants in response to environmental stimuli. They represent specific functional adaptations to various environmental stresses. This study deals with the variation in plant functional traits along elevation gradient and land-use types in Sagarmatha National Park and Buffer Zone, Nepal. Two field investigations in April and September, 2011 were made to collect samples. Sampling was done from 2200 - 3800 m asl varying approx. 400 m. East and west facing aspects of each valley were chosen. In each aspect four land-use type categories including disturbed (cultivated land, exploited forest and meadow) and less disturbed natural forest were selected. A transect of 25 m long and 2.5 m wide was laid. Different eight traits of plants including lifeform, plant height, clonality, spinescence, leaf dry matter content, stem specific density, twig dry matter content and twig drying time were examined for 60 plant species belonging to 31 families, collected from 40 sampled plots. Nine different types of growth forms were recorded. Plant height of the investigated species ranged from 0.03 - 15 m. The stolon consisting species were dominant in exploited forests. Diversity of clonal species was more in meadow and non-clonal species were dominant in all the altitudes. Only eight species consisted of spines. In the disturbed land-use categories, we found high variation in a particular trait. Correlation analyses revealed the significant relationship (p < 0.01) among different traits. Herbs and shrubs were dominant at higher elevation and in disturbed land-use categories. Species from high altitude were mostly short basal herbs, while spinescence and tall trees were observed at lower altitudes. Species recorded in meadows and exploited forests showed high variation in traits due to disturbance mainly grazing, fire, litter collection and trampling. Altitudinal variation, climatic conditions and disturbance most strongly influence trait expression in the study area.

关键词： Functional Traits Altitudinal Gradient Land-Use Types Disturbances

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Floristic Diversity and Important Value Indices of Tree Species in Lower Kanchenjunga Singhalila Ridge Eastern Nepal

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2019年第1期10卷 248-263页

作者： Nar Bahadur Khatri Chhetri krishna kumar shrestha Golden Gate International College Battisputali Kathmandu Nepal Central Department of Botany Tribhuvan University Kirtipur Kathmandu Nepal

The present paper is based on the finding of floristic diversity inventory research work conducted in Lower Kanchenjungha Singhalila Ridge, in Nepal side of Eastern Himalaya. Knowledge on floristic diversity of an area can reflect the total resources, their use patterns and conservation status which have a key role for making conservation strategies and policies. Analysis of vegetation helps to develop detailed picture of plant communities of that region. A total of 299 plant species belonging to 184 genera and 86 families were found in the Lower Kanchenjungha Singhalila Ridge. Dicotyledonous flora includes 69 families, 150 genera and 229 species whereas Monocotyledonous flora includes 15 families, 32 genera and 39 species. On the basis of floristic analysis Rosaceae was found to be the largest family with 23 species followed by Ericaceae 17, and Lauraceae 9 species. Current study furnishes three new addition to the flora of Nepal viz. Begonia flaviflora H. Hara (Begoniaceae), Carex cruciate Wahlenberg var. argocarpa C. B. Clarke (Cyperaceae), and Strobilanthes helicta Anderson (Acanthaceae). Of this total, 30 woody tree species with 551 individuals and 23 genera were recorded from the altitudinal range of 2100 - 3000 m of study area. The highest relative frequency was recorded by Lithocarpus pachyphylla (18.48%), Symplocos ramosissima (16.30%), Rhododendron falconeri (13.95%), Symplocos dryophylla (10.20%). Eurya acuminate and Symplocos species were found to be dominant in lower elevation whereas Lithocarpus pachyphylla and Rhododendron species were found to be dominant in upper elevation.

关键词： Eastern Himalaya Inventory Plant Specimens Species Richness Conservation

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Diversity of Flowering Plants in Nubri Valley, Manaslu Conservation Area, Central Nepal

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2017年第6期8卷 1484-1498页

作者： Shova Sapkota Bikram Pandey krishna kumar shrestha Central Department of Botany Tribhuvan University Kirtipur Kathmandu Nepal

Central Nepal has long history in the field of botanical investigation in contrast with different parts of the nation. Nevertheless, the present study area (Manaslu Conservation Area) is still under-explored. The present floristic study was carried out with the aim of fulfilling this gap by giving particular attention on flowering plants and their documentation. Two field visits were directed in May-June 2012 and September-October 2012 in two unique seasons with a specific end goal to gather plant samples of both seasons. On the contrary, herbarium specimens were prepared and later identified at Tribhuvan University Central Herbarium (TUCH) and National Herbarium and Plant Laboratory (KATH). The present study uncovers the presence of 276 species of flowering plants belonging to 78 families and 200 genera of which 63 families belong to dicotyledons and 15 families belong to monocotyledons. Among these, 17 species (6.15%) of climbers, 178 species (64.49%) of herbs, 58 species (21.01%) of shrubs and 23 species (8.33%) of trees are found. Economically important flowering plants comprise about 156 species where 75 species are used as medicine, 29 species as fuel wood, 23 species as fodder, 29 species are edible, 6 species are for religious purpose, 5 specifically for construction purpose, 10 for ornamental and 13 species reported to have miscellaneous uses. MCA accounts to 9 flowering plant species for research and development and agro-technology development and 12 species are listed under IUCN and CAMP threatened categories. MCA and its affinity are likewise house to 10 endemic flowering plants. As from the study it can be inferred that Manaslu Conservation Area (MCA) is a treasure hub of flowering plants that not only represent its economic importance rather it is also a house to threaten and endemic flowering plants. Thus, proper management plans must be implemented for the conservation of resources in MCA.

关键词： Flowering Plants Documentation Economic Important Plants Threatened Endemic Manaslu Conservation Area

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Pavement performance model for road maintenance and repair planning: a review of predictive techniques

Digital Transportation and Safety

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Digital Transportation and Safety 2023年第4期2卷 253-267页

作者： krishna Singh Basnet Jagat kumar shrestha Rabindra Nath shrestha Department of Civil Engineering Pulchowk CampusInstitute of EngineeringTribhuvan UniversityKathmanduP.O.Box 1915Nepal

This paper provides a review of predictive analytics for roads,identifying gaps and limitations in current methodologies.It explores the implications of these limitations on accuracy and application,while also discussing how advanced predictive analytics can address these challenges.The article acknowledges the transformative shift brought about by technological advancements and increased computational capabilities.The degradation of pavement surfaces due to increased road users has resulted in safety and comfort issues.Researchers have conducted studies to assess pavement condition and predict future changes in pavement structure.Pavement Management Systems are crucial in developing prediction performance models that estimate pavement condition and degradation severity over time.Machine learning algorithms,artificial neural networks,and regression models have been used,with strengths and weaknesses.Researchers generally agree on their accuracy in estimating pavement condition considering factors like traffic,pavement age,and weather conditions.However,it is important to carefully select an appropriate prediction model to achieve a high-quality prediction performance system.Understanding the strengths and weaknesses of each model enables informed decisions for implementing prediction models that suit specific needs.The advancement of prediction models,coupled with innovative technologies,will contribute to improved pavement management and the overall safety and comfort of road users.

关键词： Road Maintenance Prediction Model Deterministic Model Probabilistic Model Machine Learning Model

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Predicting the impact of climate change on the distribution of two threatened Himalayan medicinal plants of Liliaceae in Nepal

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Journal of Mountain Science 2017年第3期14卷 558-570页

作者： RANA Santosh kumar RANA Hum Kala GHIMIRE Suresh Kulllar shrestha krishna kumar RANJITKAR Sailesh Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of EastAsia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Central Department of Botany Tribhuvan UniversityKirtipurKathmanduNepal World Agroforestry Centre East and Central Asia 132 Lanhei RdHeilongtanKunming 650201China

Predicting the potential distribution of medicinal plants in response to climate change is essential for their conservation and management. Contributing to the management program, this study aimed to predict the distribution of two threatened medicinal plants, Fritillaria cirrhosa and Lilium nepalense. The location of focal species gathered from herbarium specimen housed in different herbaria and online databases were geo-referenced and checked for spatial autocorrelation. The predictive environmental variables were selected, and MaxE nt software was used to model the current and future distributions of focal species. Four Representative Concentration Pathway(RCP) trajectories of the BCC-CSM1.1 model were used as the future(2050) projection layer. The MaxEnt modelling delineated the potential distribution of F. cirrhosa and L. nepalense. The current suitability is projected towards Central and Eastern Hilly/Mountainous regions. Both species gainmaximum suitability in RCP 4.5 which decline towards other trajectories for L. nepalense. Overall, both the focal species shift towards the north-west, losing their potential habitat in hilly and lower mountainous regions by 2050 across all trajectories. Our results highlight the impact of future climate change on two threatened and valuable species. The results can be further useful to initiate farming of these medicinally and economically important species based on climatically suitable zone and for designing a germplasm conservation strategy.

关键词：商业利用保存莉莉 Fritillaria cirrhosa Lilium nepalense MaxEnt 建模种类分发

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Erratum to:Decadal glacial lake changes in the Koshi basin,central Himalaya,from 1977 to 2010,derived from Landsat satellite images

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第8期19卷 2449-2450页

作者： Finu shrestha GAO Xiao Narendra Raj KHANAL Sudan Bikash MAHARJAN Rajendra Bahadur shrestha WU Li-zong Pradeep kumar MOOL Samjwal Ratna BAJRACHARYA International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development(ICIMOD) 44600 KathmanduNepal Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute(CAREERI) CASLanzhou 730000China Central Department of Geography Tribhuvan University44600 KirtipurNepal Polar Research Institute of China Shanghai 200135China

The article Decadal glacial lake changes in the Koshi basin,central Himalaya,from 1977 to 2010,derived from Landsat satellite images,written by Finu shrestha,GAO Xiao,Narendra Raj KHANAL,Sudan Bikash MAHARJAN,Rajendra Bahadur shrestha,WU Li-zong,Pradeep kumar MOOL and Samjwal Ratna BAJRACHARYA,was originally erroneously published electronicaliy on the publisher's internet portal(currently SpringerLink)on 04 October 2017 without open access.

关键词： glacial basin images

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Habitat Range of two Alpine Medicinal Plants in a Trans-Himalayan Dry Valley,Central Nepal

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Journal of Mountain Science 2009年第1期6卷 66-77页

作者： Bharat Babu shrestha Pramod kumar JHA Central Department of Botany Tribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal

Understanding of the habitat range of threatened Himalayan medicinal plants which are declining in their abundance due to high anthropogenic disturbances is essential for developing conservation strategies and agro-technologies for cultivation.In this communication, we have discussed the habitat range of two alpine medicinal plants, Aconitum naviculare(Brühl) Stapf and Neopicrorhiza scrophulariiflora(Pennel) Hong in a trans-Himalayan dry valley of central Nepal, Manang district.They are the most prioritized medicinal plants of the study area in terms of ethnomedicinal uses.A.naviculare occurs on warm and dry south facing slopes between 4090～4650 m asl along with sclerophyllous and thorny alpine scrubs, while N.scrophulariiflora is exclusively found on cool and moist north facing slope between 4000 and 4400 m asl where adequate water is available from snow melt to create a suitable habitat for this wetland dependent species.The soil in rooting zone of the two plants differs significantly in organic carbon(OC), organic matter(OM), total nitrogen(N) and carbon to nitrogen(C/N) ratio.Due to cool and moist condition of N.scrophulariiflora habitat, accumulation of soil OC is higher, but soil N content is lower probably due to slow release from litter, higher leaching loss and greater retention in perennial live biomass of the plant.The C/N ratio of soil is more suitable in A.navuculare habitat than that of N scrophulariiflora for N supply.Warm and sunny site with N rich soil can be suitable for cultivation of A.naviculare, while moist and cool site with organic soil for N.scrophulariiflora.The populations of both the plants are fragmented and small.Due to collection by human and tramplingdamage by livestock, the population of A.naviculare was found absent in open areas in five of the six sampling sites and it was confined only within the bushes of alpine scrubs.For N.scrophulariiflora, high probability of complete receding of small glaciers may be a new threat in future to its habitat.The information about habitat cond

关键词：药用植物喜马拉雅干旱河谷尼泊尔高山生境中央联合国人居署

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A Galeazzi-variant type fracture-dislocation in adults

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2013年第6期16卷 344-346页

作者： Raju Vaishya Sundar kumar shrestha Abhishek Vaish Department of Orthopaedics Indraprastha ApolloHospitals New Delhi India Department of Orthopaedics & Rehabilitation SanchetiHospital Pune India

有在近似或远侧的桡尺骨的关节(DRUJ ) 的脱臼任何一个的半径或尺骨的 ObjectiveFracture 不是普通损害并且内在地是不稳定的。这里，我们报导一个案例系列，与与 DRUJ 的脱臼联系的两个骨头前臂破裂，作为 Galeazzi 变体的类型破裂脱... 详细信息

有在近似或远侧的桡尺骨的关节(DRUJ ) 的脱臼任何一个的半径或尺骨的 ObjectiveFracture 不是普通损害并且内在地是不稳定的。这里，我们报导一个案例系列，与与 DRUJ 的脱臼联系的两个骨头前臂破裂，作为 Galeazzi 变体的类型破裂脱臼，并且试着分析学习基于 6 个病人有的这损害 pattern.MethodsThe 不同年龄(20 ～ 45 年) 的 Galeazzi 变体的类型破裂脱臼。所有破裂是关上的类型。二破裂包含了一样的水平，三破裂在半径和尺骨柄的不同层次。在彻底的检查和调查以后，他们与有限接触被对待没有为 DRUJ.ResultsAll 案例的另外的固定的动态压缩板被跟随在上面为 24 个星期。最大的发生发生在在 31 和 40 年之间的年龄组。半径和尺骨的所有破裂在 12 个星期的平均时间被统一。在最后的后续的手腕和肘，旋后和内转的运动的范围是正常的。没有在任何在成年人的 cases.ConclusionGaleazzi 变体的 DRUJ 的随后的 re-subluxation 或脱臼是有手腕损害的前臂的一个新 undescribed 模式。稳定的开的减小和两个骨头前臂破裂的内部固定是强制的，为破坏 DRUJ 愈合在一个演员组到 3 ～ 4 星期固定列在后面。

关键词：骨折内固定变型成人 RADIUS 损伤模式平均时间运动范围不稳定

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An Assessment of Yarsagumba(Ophiocordyceps sinensis) Collection in Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve, Nepal

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Journal of Mountain Science 2014年第2期11卷 555-562页

作者： Barna Bahadur THAPA Saroj PANTHI Rajesh kumar RAI Uttam Babu shrestha Achyut ARYAL Sabina shrestha Bhushan shrestha Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Babar Mahal Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Baglung Station Green Governance Nepal Department of Biology University of Massachusetts Institute of Natural and Mathematical Sciences Massey University Graduate School of Biotechnology Institute of Life Sciences and Resources Kyung Hee University Green Energy Mission/Nepal Ghatte Kulo Anam Nagar Mushroom Research Division National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science Rural Development Administration

Yarsagumba(Ophiocordyceps sinensis), an endemic species to the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau, is one of the most valuable medicinal mushrooms in the world. In Nepal, it is distributed largely in isolated patches of alpine grasslands of 3,000-5,000 m elevation. Although it is reported from 27 northernmost districts of Nepal, the local distribution pattern of this species is largely unknown.Furthermore, the collection system and local management regime of this species are not well documented. We conducted a field survey at Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve(DHR) among the different stakeholders in January-June 2012 to assess collection sites, patterns and trends and to understand the management regime. We estimated that about 75 kg of Yarsagumba is collected every year from DHR and the amount has been declining since 2008. To manage the resource, locals have initiated regulating the collection by issuing permits, taxing to the collectors, and monitoring the activities of harvesters with the help of park authorities. The revenue generated at local level from the permits has been used for community developmental activities.

关键词：冬虫夏草尼泊尔保护区收集狩猎评估喜马拉雅山利益相关者

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