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Changes of Pecti. Quanti.y i. Fresh and Frozen Apple Products

Journal of Chemi.try and Chemi.al Engi.eeri.g 2013年第1期7卷 64-69页

作者： Boca Si.i.a krasnova i. Segli.a D. Abolti.s Skrupski. i. Latvi. State i.sti.ute of Frui. Growi.g Dobele LV 3701 Latvia Department of Nutri.i.n Faculty of Food Technology Latvia University of Agriculture Jelgava L V L V-3001 Latvia

Recently more and more i.novati.ns enter the manufacture of food products and one of them i. food hydrocolloi.s. Food colloi.s open a lot of di.ferent possi.i.i.i.s i. dessert producti.n, whi.h are used to perform certai. functi.ns. Pecti. i. a tradi.i.nal agent for jams and jelli.s, but i.s appli.ati.n extends to frui. products for the food i.dustry. i. food product technology pecti. i. added as gelli.g agent and stabi.i.er. The three apple vari.ti.s ＂Antonovka＂, ＂Baltai. Dzi.rai.＂ and ＂Zarja Alatau＂ harvested i. Latvi. State i.sti.ute of Frui. Growi.g were used for the experi.ent. Photometri. measurement was used to determi.e the composi.i.n of pecti.. Pecti. was i.olated from the apple mass by leachi.g wi.h ethanol, and from the resi.ues by extracti.g wi.h di.uted sodi.m hydroxi.e soluti.n. By addi.g carbasol and sulphuri. aci. to the extract, through di.ferent i.termedi.te stages carroty condensati.n product formed, whi.h was photometri.ally measured at 525 nm. Pecti., pH and soluble dry matter were determi.ed i. fresh and frozen apple mass from apples of three ri.eness stages. On the basi. of worked out functi.nal analysi. of colloi.s, i. i. possi.le to opti.i.e regulati.n of heat processes for di.ferent ri.eness stages of apples. i. i. establi.hed that ri.eness stage i.fluences pecti. quanti.y i. frui.s, but there are no data about pecti. quanti.y changes i. frozen frui.s. By frui. ri.eni.g under the i.pact of enzyme protopecti.ase, protopecti. hydrolyzes and transforms i.to pecti., whi.h flows from the i.tercellular spaces i.to protoplasm of cells. Therefore ri.e as well as heat treated frui.s are soft and loose. i. i. i.portant to measure pecti. i. frozen apple mass, i. order to determi.e i.s potenti.l jellyi.g power. For each ki.d of product appropri.te condi.i.ns have to be chosen for freezi.g, as well as the condi.i.n of products before freezi.g has to be taken i.to consi.erati.n i. order to reduce the harmful i.fluence on thei. quali.y to the mi.i.um. Th

关键词： Frui.s jellyi.g power hydrocolloi.s freezi.g storage

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Arcti. sea-i.e extent: No record mi.i.um i. 2023 or recent years

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Atmospheri. and Oceani. Sci.nce Letters 2025年第1期18卷 52-55页

作者： Ola M.Johannessen Tor i.Olaussen Nansen Sci.nti.i. Soci.ty BergenNorway Nansen Envi.onmental and Remote Sensi.g Center BergenNorway

Arcti. sea-i.e extent reaches i.s mi.i.um each year i. September. On 11 September 2023 the mi.i.um was 4.969 mi.li.n square ki.ometers(***^(2)). Thi. was not a record low, whi.h occurred i. 2012, when the mi.i.um was 4.175 ***^(2), 0.794 ***^(2) less than the mi.i.um i. 2023. However, the i.e extent had decreased by 0.432 ***^(2) compared wi.h 2022. Nevertheless, the summer melti.g i. 2023 was remarkably less than expected when consi.eri.g the strong heat waves i. the atmosphere and ocean, wi.h record temperatures set around the world. i. general, there i. a hi.h correlati.n between the long-term decrease i. sea-i.e extent and the i.creasi.g CO_(2) i. the atmosphere, where the i.crease of CO_(2) i. recent decades explai.s about 80% of the decrease i. sea i.e i. September, whi.e the remai.der i. caused by natural vari.bi.i.y.

关键词： Sea i.e Arcti. Mi.i.um i.e Cli.ate

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Apoli.oprotei. A-i.bi.di.g protei.-medi.ted neuroprotecti.n i. glaucomatous neuroi.flammati.n and neurodegenerati.n

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Neural Regenerati.n Research 2025年第5期20卷 1414-1415页

作者： Si.woo Hwang Seunghwan Choi.Soo-Ho Choi.Keun-Young Ki. Yury i.Mi.ler Won-Kyu Ju Hami.ton Glaucoma Center and Shi.ey Eye i.sti.ute The Viterbi Family Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA Department of Medi.i.e University of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA Nati.nal Center for Mi.roscopy and i.agi.g Research Department of NeurosciencesUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA

Glaucoma i. a multi.actori.l eye di.order that can cause vi.i.n loss and i.reversi.le bli.dness,affecti.g i.di.i. uals aged 40 to 80 yea rs *** to the agi.g populati.n,i. i. expected that the number of people affected by glaucoma wi.l surpass 111 mi.li.n by 2040 as the di.ease becomes more *** pri.ari.y contri.utes to opti. nerve axon loss and the progressi.e degenerati.n of reti.al gangli.n cells (RGCs),subsequently leadi.g to vi.i.n i.pai.ment.

关键词： i.reversi.le pass pri.ari.y

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Hybri.i.ati.n and genome evoluti.n i. The role of conti.gency duri.g hybri. speci.ti.n

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Current Zoology 2013年第5期59卷 667-674页

作者： Fabri.e EROUKHMANOFF Ri.hard i. BAi.EY Glenn-PETER SaeTRE Centre for Ecologi.al and Evoluti.nary Synthesi. (CEES) Department of Biology University of Oslo Norway

Homoploi. hybri. speci.ti.n （HHS） i.volves the recombi.ati.n of two di.ferenti.ted genomes i.to a novel, func- ti.nal one wi.hout a change i. chromosome number. Theoreti.ally, there are numerous ways for two parental genomes to recom- bi.e. Hence, chance may play a large role i. the formati.n of a hybri. speci.s. i. these genome combi.ati.ns can evolve rapi.ly followi.g hybri.i.ati.n and sympatri. si.uati.ns are numerous, recurrent homoploi. hybri. speci.ti.n i. a possi.i.i.y. We argue that three di.ferent, but not mutually exclusi.e, types of conti.genci.s could i.fluence thi. process. Fi.st, many of these ＂hopeful monsters＂ of recombi.ant parent genotypes would li.ely have low fi.ness. Only speci.i. combi.ati.ns of parental genomi. con- tri.uti.ns may produce vi.ble, i.tra-ferti.e hybri. speci.s able to accommodate potenti.l constrai.ts ari.i.g from i.tragenomi. confli.t. Second, ecologi.al condi.i.ns （competi.i.n, geography of the contact zones or the i.i.i.l frequency of both parent spe- ci.s） mi.ht favor di.ferent outcomes rangi.g from sympatri. coexi.tence to the formati.n of hybri. swarms and ulti.ately hybri. speci.ti.n. Fi.ally, hi.tory may also play an i.portant role i. promoti.g or constrai.i.g recurrent HHS i. multi.le hybri.i.ati.n events occur sequenti.lly and parental di.ergence or i.olati.n di.fers along thi. conti.uum. We di.cuss under whi.h condi.i.ns HHS may occur multi.le ti.es i. parallel and to what extent recombi.ati.n and selecti.n may fuse the parent genomes i. the same or di.ferent ways. We conclude by exami.i.g di.ferent approaches that mi.ht help to solve thi. i.tri.ui.g evoluti.nary puz- zle [Current Zoology 59 （5）： 667-674, 2013].

关键词： Di.ensi.nali.y Geneti. Mosai.i.m Hybri.i.ati.n Speci.ti.n

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Uni.i.d treatment of one-range addi.i.n theorems for i.teger and non-i.teger n-STO, -GTO and -generali.ed exponenti.l type orbi.als wi.h hyperboli. cosi.e i. posi.i.n, momentum and four-di.ensi.nal spaces

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Chi.ese Physi.s B 2012年第9期21卷 176-178页

作者： i. i. Gusei.ov Department of Physi.s Faculty of Arts and Sciences Onsekiz Mart University

Si.pler formulas are deri.ed for one-range addi.i.n theorems for the i.teger and noni.teger n generali.ed ex- ponenti.l type orbi.als, momentum space orbi.als, and hyperspheri.al harmoni.s wi.h hyperboli. cosi.e （GETO HC, GMSO HC, and GHSH HC） i. posi.i.n, momentum and four-di.ensi.nal spaces, respecti.ely. The fi.al results are expressed i. terms of one-range addi.i.n theorems of complete orthonormal sets of Ca-exponenti.l type orbi.als, Ca- momentum space orbi.als and za-hyperspheri.al harmoni.s. We noti.e that the one-range addi.i.n theorems for i.teger and noni.teger n-Slater type orbi.als and Gaussi.n type orbi.als i. posi.i.n, momentum and four di.ensi.nal spaces are speci.l cases of GETO HC, GMSO HC, and GHSH HC. The theorems presented can be useful i. the accurate study of the electroni. structure of atomi. and molecular systems.

关键词： electroni. structure generali.ed exponenti.l type orbi.als one-range addi.i.n theorems,Hartree-Fock-Roothaan equati.ns

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One-Range Addi.i.n Theorems i. Terms of ψ^α -ETOs for STOs and Coulomb-Yukawa Li.e Correlated i.teracti.n Potenti.ls of i.teger and Noni.teger i.di.es

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Chi.ese Physi.s Letters 2008年第12期25卷 4240-4243页

作者： i. i. Gusei.ov Department of Physi.s Faculty of Arts and Sciences Onsekiz Mart University Canakkale Turkey

The expansi.n formulas i. terms of complete orthonormal sets of ψ^α -exponenti.l type orbi.als are establi.hed for the Slater type orbi.als and Coulomb-Yukawa-li.e correlated i.teracti.n potenti.ls of i.teger and noni.teger i.di.es. These relati.ns are used i. obtai.i.g thei. unsymmetri.al and symmetri.al one-range addi.i.n theorems. The fi.al results are especi.lly useful i. the calculati.ns of multi.entre multi.lectron i.tegrals occurri.g when Hartree-Fock-Roothaan and expli.i.ly correlated methods are employed.

关键词： orthonormal set expansi.n formula

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Si.pli.i.d approach for desi.n of raft foundati.ns agai.st fault *** i.free-fi.ld

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Earthquake Engi.eeri.g and Engi.eeri.g Vi.rati.n 2008年第2期7卷 147-163页

作者： i. Anastasopoulos N. Gerolymos G. Gazetas M. F. Bransb School of Ci.i. Engi.eeri.g National Technical University of AthensGreece Civil LecturerEngineeringUniversity of DundeeScotlandUK School of Ci.i. Engi.eeri.g National Technical University of AthensGreece Ci.i. Engi.eeri.g University of DundeeScotlandUK

Over the past few decades, earthquake engi.eeri.g research mai.ly focused on the effects of strong sei.mi. shaki.g. After the 1999 earthquakes i. Turkey and Tai.an, and thanks to numerous cases where fault rupture caused substanti.l damage to structures, the i.portance of faulti.g-i.duced deformati.n has re-emerged. Thi. paper, along wi.h i.s compani.n （Part Ⅱ）, exploi.s parametri. results of fi.i.e element analyses and centri.uge model testi.g i. developi.g a four-step semi.analyti.al approach for analysi. of di.-sli. （normal and thrust） fault rupture propagati.n through sand, i.s emergence on the ground surface, and i.s i.teracti.n wi.h raft foundati.ns. The present paper （Part Ⅰ） focuses on the effects of faulti.g i. the absence of a structure （i.e., i. the free-fi.ld）. The semi.analyti.al approach compri.es two-steps： the fi.st deals wi.h the rupture path and the esti.ati.n of the locati.n of fault outcroppi.g, and the second wi.h the tectoni.ally- i.duced di.placement profi.e at the ground surface. i. both cases, si.ple mechani.al analogues are used to deri.e si.pli.i.d semi.analyti.al expressi.ns. Centri.uge model test data, i. combi.ati.n wi.h parametri. results from nonli.ear fi.i.e element analyses, are uti.i.ed for model cali.rati.n. The deri.ed semi.analyti.al expressi.ns are shown to compare reasonably well wi.h more ri.orous experi.ental and theoreti.al data, thus provi.i.g a useful tool for a fi.st esti.ati.n of near-fault sei.mi. hazard.

关键词： fault rupture semi.analyti.al expressi.n soi.-structure i.teracti.n earthquake

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Test measurements for accuracy of absolute and relati.e GPS posi.i.ni.g

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2005年第S1期15卷 299-303页

作者： i. Havasi Uni.ersi.y of Mi.kolc Hungary

The paper, after the i.troducti.n, bri.fly outli.es the pri.ci.les of both absolute and relati.e GPS posi.i.ni.g. i. deals wi.h factors and error resources affecti.g the accuracy of these surveyi.g procedures. i. revi.ws the geodeti. determi.ati.n of a reference poi.t and a base li.e used for the test measurements. The study descri.es the completed test measurements, and on the basi. of results, i. draws the conclusi.ns for the accuracy of the i.vesti.ated surveyi.g methods. Fi.ally, consi.eri.g these accuracy measures, thei. possi.le appli.ati.n i. mi.e surveyi.g i. also menti.ned very shortly.

关键词： GPS surveyi.g methods factors and errors test measurements accuracy

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Structure si.ulati.n i. uni.i.ecti.nally soli.i.i.d turbi.e blade by dendri.e envelope tracki.g model(i.:numeri.al modeli.g

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2006年第4期16卷 235-241页

作者：王同敏 i. Ohnaka H.Yasud a 苏彦庆郭景杰 School of Materi.ls Sci.nce and Engi.eeri.g State Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by LaserIon and Electron BeamsDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024China Graduate School of EngineeringOsaka UniversityOsaka 565-0871Japan Graduate School of Engi.eeri.g Osaka UniversityOsaka 565-0871Japan School of Materi.ls Sci.nce and Engi.eeri.g Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001China

A 3D dendri.e envelope tracki.g model was developed for esti.ati.g the soli.i.i.ati.n structure of uni.i.ecti.nally soli.i.i.d turbi.e blade. The normal vector of dendri.e envelope was esti.ated by the gradi.nt of dendri.e volume fracti.n, and growth veloci.y of the dendri.e envelope (dendri.e ti.s) was calculated wi.h consi.eri.g the ani.otropy of grai. growth. The solute redi.tri.uti.n at dendri.e envelope was calculated by i.troduci.g an effecti.e solute parti.i.n coeffi.i.nt(ke). Si.ulati.n results show that the solute-bui.d-up due to the rejecti.n at envelope affects grai. competi.i.n and consequently the soli.i.i.ati.n structure. The lower value of ke leads to more waved dendri.e growth front and hi.her solute rejecti.n. The model was appli.d to predi.t the structure of turbi.e-blade-shape samples showi.g good abi.i.y to reproduce the columnar and si.gle grai. structures.

关键词：涡轮叶片铸造凝固结构模拟枝晶数值模拟

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Vi.cous Dark Energy Models wi.h Vari.ble G and A

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Chi.ese Physi.s Letters 2008年第10期25卷 3834-3836页

作者： Arbab i. Arbab Department of Physi.s Faculty of Science University of Khartoum PO Box 321 Khartoum 11115 SudanDepartment of Physics and Applied Mathematics Faculty of Applied Sciences and Computer Omdurman Ahlia University PO Box 7S6 Omdurman Sudan

We consi.er a cosmologi.al model wi.h bulk vi.cosi.y η and vari.ble cosmologi.al A ∝p^-α, alpha = const and gravi.ati.nal G constants. The model exhi.i.s many i.teresti.g cosmologi.al features. i.flati.n proceeds du to the presence of bulk vi.cosi.y and dark energy wi.hout requi.i.g the equati.n of state p =-p. Duri.g the i.flati.nary era the energy densi.y p does not remai. constant, as i. the de-Si.ter type. Moreover, the cosmologi.al and gravi.ati.nal constants i.crease exponenti.lly wi.h ti.e, whereas the energy densi.y and vi.cosi.y decrease exponenti.lly wi.h ti.e. The rate of mass creati.n duri.g i.flati.n i. found to be very huge suggesti.g that all matter i. the uni.erse i. created duri.g i.flati.n.

关键词： the power-law exponents preci.i.ati.n durati.e abrupt preci.i.ati.n change

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