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Excessive Drowsiness among Truck Drivers in Benin in 2023: Associated Factors and Risk of Crashes Occurrence

Open Journal of Epidemiology 2024年第1期14卷 167-179页

作者： Mongbo Virginie Mobali Wilondja Célestin kpozehouen alphonse Department of Health Policies and Systems Regional Institute of Public Health University of Abomey-Calavi Ouidah Benin Ministry of Health Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo Department of Epidemiology and Bio-Statistics Regional Institute of Public Health University of Abomey-Calavi Ouidah Benin

Introduction: Over-drowsiness is a condition with serious consequences, including road accidents. The condition, however, is often ignored both by carers as well as victims themselves. The aim of the present study was to investigate the factors associated with excessive drowsiness in Cotonou, Benin 2023, along with its influence on the occurrence of crashes among truck drivers. Methods: This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study, held from March 13 to April 10, 2023, focusing on large truck drivers over 18 years of age, selected by convenience from parking lots in and around the city of Cotonou. Data collected using questionnaires on socio-demographic and behavioral factors, sleeping habits and working conditions were processed using Stata 15.0 software. Excessive drowsiness was defined by a score above 10 on the Epworth scale. Associated factors were found by multiple logistic regression, at a threshold of 0.05. Results: Altogether 304 drivers, all male and aged 35.98 ± 8.42 years, were surveyed. The prevalence of excessive drowsiness was 29.2%. The associated factors identified were not practicing sport OR = 2.27, CI95% = [1.33;3.86], p = 0,002;sleep duration per working day OR = 1.82;CI95% = [1.06;3.11], p = 0,027 and average distance travelled per day OR = 3.40;CI95% = [1.53;7.56], p = 0,003. Excessive drowsiness was associated with a 1.73-fold increased risk of road accidents (CI95% [1.04;2.87];p = 0.03). Conclusion: Communicating excessive drowsiness and its associated factors to all the stakeholders in the haulage chain is essential to help prevent road accidents.

关键词： Drowsiness Large Trucks Accidents Benin

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Arterial Hypertension-Related Factors within Custodial Settings of Southern Benin in 2023

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2024年第1期14卷 157-166页

作者： Mongbo Virginie kpozehouen alphonse Achille Kpétékousso Department of Health Policies and Systems Regional Institute of Public Health University of Abomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi Benin Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department Regional Institute of Public Health University of Abomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi Benin Ministry of the Interior of Benin Cotonou Benin

Introduction: Hypertension, a non-communicable disease, is a major public health threat worldwide, accounting for a high level of morbidity and mortality. Although it has been extensively published among the general population, further research is needed to understand the reality of hypertension within the custodial setting. This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with arterial hypertension in custodial settings in southern Benin in 2023. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive, analytical study held in prisons in southern Benin from March to April 2023, involving inmates selected by two-stage random sampling. In the first stage, four prisons out of the six in the southern region of Benin were selected by simple random sampling. In the second stage, the prisoners were selected by systematic random sampling, with the sampling frame being the numbered list of eligible prisoners in each prison selected. Data collected by observation and questionnaire survey were analyzed using Stata 11 software. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg. Overweight was defined by a body mass index (weight/height2 (kg/m2) ≥ 25. Factors associated with hypertension were identified by multiple logistic regression, at a 5% threshold of significance. Results: Altogether 336 inmates aged 37.55 ± 1.72 years were surveyed. The prevalence of hypertension in custodial settings in southern Benin in 2023 was 31.32% (95% CI [17.06;52.57]). Associated factors were inmate age (ORa = 3.36 95% CI: [1.94;5.85]) and abnormal waist circumference (ORa = 2.61 95% CI [1.27;5.40]). Conclusion: The prevalence of arterial hypertension in prisons of southern Benin (31.32%) is high when compared with the national average (25.9% (22.5-29.3)). The ministries of the Interior and Health need to collaborate to involve inmates in preventive strategies for non-communicable diseases, including hypertension.

关键词： Arterial Hypertension Associated Factors Inmates Custodial Setting Benin

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Exploring the Factors Associated with 12-Month Non-Return to Work among Motorcyclists Involved in Road Accidents

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2024年第1期14卷 1-16页

作者： Yolaine Glèlè-Ahanhanzo Donatien Daddah alphonse kpozehouen Bella Hounkpè Dos Santos Moussiliou N. Paraiso Multidisciplinary Research Unity for Road Crashes Prevention (ReMPARt) Department of Epidemiology and Bio-Statistics Regional Institute of Public Health University of Abomey-Calavi Ouidah Benin Regional Direction of Health Lokossa Benin Regional Direction of Health Abomey-Calavi Benin Health Promotion Department Regional Institute of Public Health Ouidah Benin

Introduction: Motorcyclists bear a disproportionate burden of morbidity and mortality from road accidents. In addition, the consequences of these accidents affect the ability of victims to return to work. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with non-return to work among surviving motorcyclists involved in road accidents 12 months after the event. Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted using data from a cohort of motorcyclists involved in accidents and recruited in five hospitals in Benin from July 2019 to January 2020. The dependent variable was non-return to work 12 months after the accident (yes vs no). The independent variables were categorized into two groups: baseline and 12-month follow-up variables. Logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with non-return to work at 12 months among the participants. Results: Among the 362 participants, 55 (15.19%, 95% CI = 11.84 - 19.29) had not returned to work 12 months after the accident. Risk factors for non-return to work identified were: smoking (aOR = 4.41, 95% CI = 1.44 - 13.56, p = 0.010), hospitalization (aOR = 2.87, 95% CI = 1.14 - 7.24, p Conclusion: The prevalence of non-return to work at 12 months was high among surviving motorcyclists involved in road accidents in Benin. Integrated support for patients based on identified risk factors should effectively improve their return to work.

关键词： Road Accident Return to Work Motorcyclists Hospital Mental Health Cohort Benin

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Exploring the Factors Associated with 12-Month Non-Return to Work among Motorcyclists Involved in Road Accidents

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine（预防医学期刊） 2024年第1期

作者： Yolaine Glèlè-Ahanhanzo Donatien Daddah alphonse kpozehouen Bella Hounkpè Dos Santos Moussiliou N. Paraiso

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Factors Associated with Using GPS in Road Accidents at Cotonou in 2019

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2022年第12期12卷 258-270页

作者： Patrick Makoutode alphonse kpozehouen Gloria Laurelle Gandji Yolaine Ahanhanzo Ghislain Sopoh Regional Public Health Institute University of Abomey-Calavi Ouidah Benin

Introduction: Precise spatial location of accidents is relevant for accidentology researches or road safety investigations. Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate a number of factors associated with the geolocation of road accidents in the city of Cotonou in 2019. Methods: It was a cross-sectional, retrospective study with an analytical focus. Results: This study highlighted a prevalence of coordinates of the GPS reported at 41.63% in 2019 relating to the files of accidents on public roads during the period from April 18 to June 12, 2020. The work was carried out from 384 accident files examined in the 6 districts of Cotonou selected randomly. A logistic regression made it possible to sort out associated factors with using GPS in road accidents. The final model retained through the “ascending step by step” modeling was adopted. The average age of the responsible agents in charge of the observation was around 32 years (32.13 ± 3.17). Geolocation identified associated factors were: the level of instruction with odd Ratio 2 and its 95% confidence interval f [1.02 - 2.40], the means of conveyance odd ratio 2.56 and its 95% confidence interval of [1.21 - 5.41], the severity level of the accident with its odd ratio 4.59 and its 95% confidence interval of [2.82 - 8.32], and the type of day on which the accident occurred with odd ratio 0.56 and its 95% confidence interval f [0.437 - 2.553]. As for the quality of the reported GPS coordinates, 85% of them were good quality. Conclusion: The reduction of road accidents, given its serious nature and extent, requires strategies to promote geolocation of accidents to ensure better identification of risk areas and decision-making adapted to the accident phenomenon.

关键词： Accidents GPS Geolocation

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Factors Associated with Pregnancy Outcomes in Hypertensive Pregnant Women in a District Hospital in Benin

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2021年第4期11卷 420-432页

作者： Saizonou Jacques Glele-Ahanhanzo Yolaine kpozehouen alphonse Tawo Mondoukpè Ouendo Edgard-Marius Department of Policies and Health Systems Public Health Regional Institute Ouidah Benin Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Public Health Regional Institute Ouidah Benin

Introduction: Hypertension is a major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. This study aims at exploring the outcomes of pregnancy and associated factors in hypertensive pregnant women in Comè district hospital from 2014 to 2016. Methods: This is a retrospective, analytical study carried out in June 2016, involving a total of 345 hypertensive patients. Socio-demographic and medical features, including pregnancy and foetal outcomes parameters, were recorded in the case files. Top-down stepwise logistic regression was performed at the 5% threshold. Results: The frequency of hypertensive disorders during pregnancy was estimated at 7.32% and unfavourable outcomes at 35.65%. The adverse maternal outcomes recorded were postpartum death and haemorrhage whereas adverse foetal issues were prematurity, low birth weight, low Apgar scores, stillbirth and death. Factors statistically associated with pregnancy outcome were paucigravida (OR = 2.01 ([1.05 - 3.88]), p = 0.035), history of stillbirth (OR = 4.75 ([1.01 - 22.1]), p = 0.048) and anticonvulsant therapy (OR = 0.32 ([0.19 - 0.54]), p Conclusion: Adequate monitoring via Antenatal Care (ANC) check-ups, timely recourse to care and an effective communication strategy should reduce hypertensive disorders incidence and adverse outcomes in pregnant women.

关键词： Hypertensive Disorders Pregnancy Outcome Risk Factors Benin

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Prevalence and Factors Associated with Psychoactive Substance Misuse among Heavy Goods Vehicle Drivers in Cotonou, Benin

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2023年第4期13卷 260-275页

作者： Yolaine Glèlè-Ahanhanzo Nouriat Mohammed Donatien Daddah Nicolas Gaffan Lamidhi Salami alphonse kpozehouen Multidisciplinary Research Unity for Road Crashes Prevention (ReMPARt) Department of Epidemiology and Bio-Statistics Regional Institute of Public Health University of Abomey-Calavi Ouidah Benin Regional Direction of Health Mono Lokossa Benin Regional Direction of Health Zou Abomey Benin Policies and Health Systems Department Regional Institute of Public Health Ouidah Benin

Introduction: In Benin, Heavy Goods Vehicle (HGV) drivers play an essential role in the logistics chain, facilitating the transportation of goods within the country or between other countries in the sub-region. HGV drivers are professionals who experience adverse working conditions, exposing them to risky behaviours, including Psychoactive Substance (PAS) misuse, leading to particularly severe road accidents. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of PAS misuse among HGV drivers and identify associated factors in Cotonou, Benin. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey involving HGV drivers at parking areas in Cotonou from 26 March to 10 April 2023. The dependent variable was the PAS misuse by HGV drivers, and the independent variables were related to their socio-demographic characteristics, health status and lifestyle habits, and professional characteristics. Data analysis involved determining the prevalence of PAS misuse with a 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI). Subsequently, we identified factors associated with PAS misuse among the participants using multivariate logistic regression. We presented the final regression results as adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% CI. Results: The study included 425 HGV drivers. Among them, 53 (12.47%, 95% CI = 9.64 - 15.98) were misusing PAS. Compared to drivers aged 35 and older, those aged under 25 (aOR = 10.67, 95% CI = 3.56 - 32.03) and those aged 25 to 34 (aOR = 3.47, 95% CI = 1.37 - 8.82) had higher odds of PAS misuse. Drivers with a primary education were less likely (aOR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.19 - 0.97) to misuse PAS than those with no formal education. Drivers suffering from cardiovascular diseases were also three times more likely (aOR = 3.08, 95% CI = 1.08 - 8.81) to misuse PAS than others. The odds of PAS misuse were also higher among drivers who reported taking breaks than those claiming not to (aOR = 3.11, 95% CI = 1.57 - 6.18). Conclusion: Driving under the influence of PAS is a risk factor f

关键词： Transportation Alcohol Psychoactive Substance Driver Professional Benin

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Prevalence of Tobacco Use and Associated Factors among Adults in Benin in 2015: Results of the National Survey of Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factors

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2018年第3期8卷 130-144页

作者： Alexandrine Houinato Roch Christian Johnson alphonse kpozehouen Fernand Guedou Christophe Houssou Dismand S. Houinato Inter Faculty Center of Training and Research in Environment for Sustainable Development University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin Regional Institute of Public Health University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin Laboratoire d’Epidémiologie des Maladies Chroniques Et Neurologiques (LEMACEN) Faculty of Health Sciences Université d’Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin

Introduction: Tobacco use and exposure to tobacco smoke are one of the most preventable causes of death and disability worldwide. The risk is even higher among daily tobacco consumers. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommended that surveillance of major risk factors for non- communicable diseases (NCDs), such as smoking, be imperative to predicting the future burden of NCDs, identifying adequate interventions to decrease future burden and monitor trends. In 2015, a survey on NCD risk factors was conducted in Benin to estimate the prevalence of major NCD risk factors. We analyzed the data from this survey to estimate the prevalence and risk factors associated with daily tobacco consumption in Benin. Methods: A nationwide representative sample of the population was constituted in the 12 departments of Benin. The WHO STEPS wise tool was used to collect data on behavioral and demographic characteristics, including daily tobacco consumption. Tobacco consumption was subdivided into three categories: The daily consumption of tobacco, the daily consumption of smoked tobacco and non-smoked tobacco. Multivariate analysis through the weighted logistic regression was used to identify potential factors associated with daily consumption of tobacco. Results: Over the 5.126 surveyed subjects, 7.49% were daily tobacco consumers, with 3.85% being daily users of smoked tobacco and 4.36% being daily consumers of non-smoked tobacco. Men were more likely to be daily consumers of tobacco compared to women (OR = 7.42;95%CI = [4.98;11.06]). Compared to respondents aged 18 to 24, those aged 45 to 54 were five times more likely to consume tobacco (OR = 5.58;95%IC = [2.71;11.47]). Respondents residing in the departments of Atacora, Couffo and Borgou were respectively 4.28 times, 3.93 times and 2.63 times more likely to consume tobacco compared to those residing in the department of Alibori. Respondents with no education were more likely to consume tobacco daily compared to respondents wh

关键词： Tobacco Non Communicable Diseases STEP Wise Benin

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Key Road Injury Prevention Interventions and Their Effectiveness in Africa: Conclusions and What Can Be Done Better

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2023年第11期13卷 296-318页

作者： Yolaine Glèlè-Ahanhanzo Bella Hounkpè Dos Santos alphonse kpozehouen Donatien Daddah Moussiliou N. Paraiso Alain Leveque Multidisciplinary Research Unity for Road Crashes Prevention (ReMPARt) Department of Epidemiology and Bio-Statistics Regional Institute of Public Health University of Abomey-Calavi Ouidah Benin Regional Direction of Health Atlantique Abomey-Calavi Benin Regional Direction of Health Couffo Lokossa Benin Health Promotion Department Regional Institute of Public Health Ouidah Benin School of Public Health Universite Libre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium

Introduction: This study aimed to identify road safety interventions implemented in Africa and to analyze their effectiveness in reducing road crashes, injuries, disabilities and deaths. Materials and Methods: This is a systematic review including articles relating to the evaluation of road safety interventions implemented in Africa that were searched on electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, Lissa, Google Scholar, and African Journals Online. Selection of articles and data extraction was conducted by two pairs of reviewers. Data quality was checked according to the type of study. A qualitative analysis of the data was carried out and a narrative approach was adopted to describe and synthesize the results. Results: A total of twenty-nine articles were selected including one cross-sectional study, seven time series, twenty-one quasi-experimental studies of which six randomised and fifteen non-randomised studies. The type of interventions evaluated was aimed at all types of users and was based on different interventions such as institutional strengthening, law enforcement, awareness raising, training or user education, vehicle maintenance and infrastructure improvements. For fourteen studies all the expected indicators had changed favourably and for twelve the indicators had partially changed. The studies that showed significant change were institutional strengthening, law enforcement, awareness raising, training, or user education interventions, development of Uber transport services, distribution of equipment, and a combination of interventions. Conclusion: This situation is indicative of insufficient policy investment in research but also in the field of road safety in general.

关键词： Road Safety Effectiveness Prevention Africa

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Facial Expression Recognition with High Response-Based Local Directional Pattern (HR-LDP) Network

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第2期78卷 2067-2086页

作者： Sherly alphonse Harshit Verma School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of TechnologyChennaiIndia

Although lots of research has been done in recognizing facial expressions,there is still a need to increase the accuracy of facial expression recognition,particularly under uncontrolled *** use of Local Directional Patterns(LDP),which has good characteristics for emotion detection has yielded encouraging *** innova-tive end-to-end learnable High Response-based Local Directional Pattern(HR-LDP)network for facial emotion recognition is implemented by employing fixed convolutional filters in the proposed *** combining learnable convolutional layers with fixed-parameter HR-LDP layers made up of eight Kirsch filters and derivable simulated gate functions,this network considerably minimizes the number of network *** cost of the parameters in our fully linked layers is up to 64 times lesser than those in currently used deep learning-based detection *** seven well-known databases,including JAFFE,CK+,MMI,SFEW,OULU-CASIA and MUG,the recognition rates for seven-class facial expression recognition are 99.36%,99.2%,97.8%,60.4%,91.1%and 90.1%,*** results demonstrate the advantage of the proposed work over cutting-edge techniques.

关键词： Emotion classification CNN network HR-LDP

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