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Characteristics of turbulent flow in 3-D pools in the presence of submerged rigid vegetation in channel bed

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Journal of hydrodynamics 2024年第1期36卷 158-169页

作者： kourosh Nosrati hossein Afzalimehr Jueyi Sui hamid Reza Reisifar Natural Disasters Prevention Research Center Faculty of Civil EngineeringIran University of Science and TechnologyTehranIran School of Engineering University of Northern British ColumbiaPrince GeorgeCanada

In this study,the interaction between 3-D bedforms and submerged rigid vegetation has been *** laboratory experiments were conducted to study the distribution of flow velocity,Reynolds shear stress,turbulent kinetic energy,and skewness coefficients for a constant density of *** showed that the velocity profile in the pool section deviates from those in the upstream section of the *** has been found that the dip parameter varied between 0.6h and 0.9h depending on various factors including bed roughness,vegetation distribution,and pool entrance/exit ***,scattered vegetation in the pool and differences in slopes created non-uniform flow ***,in the wake region behind each vegetated element,flow velocity reduced significantly,and small-scale eddies are formed,causing increased *** decreasing the entrance slope and bed roughness,relatively uniform flow and weaker turbulence was resulted,but the random distribution of vegetated elements counteracted this balance and intensified *** the decrease in the pool entrance slope,the contribution of sweep event decreased and the contribution of ejection event increased.

关键词： Submerged rigid vegetation 3-D pool Reynolds shear stress skewness coefficients

Macroalgal deep genomics illuminate multiple paths to aquatic,photosynthetic multicellularity

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Molecular Plant 2024年第5期17卷 747-771页

作者： David R.Nelson Alexandra Mystikou Ashish Jaiswal Cecilia Rad-Menendez Michael J.Preston Frederik De Boever Diana C.El Assal Sarah Daakour Michael W.Lomas Jean-Claude Twizere David h.Green William C.Ratcliff kourosh Salehi-Ashtiani Division of Science and Math New York University Abu DhabiAbu DhabiUAE Center for Genomics and Systems Biology(CGSB) New York University Abu DhabiAbu DhabiUAE Biotechnology Research Center Technology Innovation InstitutePO Box 9639Masdar CityAbu DhabiUAE Culture Collection of Algae and Protozoa Scottish Association for Marine ScienceObanScotlandUK National Center for Marine Algae and Microbiota Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean SciencesEast BoothbayMEUSA Laboratory of Viral Interactomes GIGA InstituteUniversity of LiegeLiegeBelgium School of Biological Sciences Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGAUSA

Macroalgae are multicellular,aquatic autotrophs that play vital roles in global climate maintenance and have diverse applications in biotechnology and eco-engineering,which are directly linked to their multicellularity ***,their genomic diversity and the evolutionary mechanisms underlying multicellularity in these organisms remain *** this study,we sequenced 110 macroalgal genomes from diverse climates and phyla,and identified key genomic features that distinguish them from their microalgal *** for cell adhesion,extracellular matrix formation,cell polarity,transport,and cell differentiation distinguish macroalgae from microalgae across all three major phyla,constituting conserved and unique gene sets supporting multicellular *** genes show phylum-and climate-specific expansions that may facilitate niche ***,our study reveals genetic determinants of convergent and divergent evolutionary trajectories that have shaped morphological diversity in macroalgae and provides genome-wide frameworks to understand photosynthetic multicellular evolution in aquatic environments.

关键词： macroalgae multicellularity comparative genomics evolution adhesome endogenous viral elements

Efficacy and safety of bamlanivimab in patients with COVID-19:A systematic review and meta-analysis

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World Journal of Virology 2024年第1期13卷 120-132页

作者： Behnam Amani Lida Khodavirdilou kourosh Rajabkhah Vida Kardan Moghaddam Arash Akbarzadeh Bahman Amani Department of health Management and Economics School of Public HealthTehran University of Medical SciencesTehran ***Iran Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Jerry H.Hodge School of PharmacyTexas Tech University Health Sciences CenterAmarilloTX 79106United States Deputy of Research and Technology Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehran ***Iran School of Medicine and Dentistry Griffith UniversityQueenslandBrisbane 4222Australia Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthTehran University of Medical SciencesTehran ***Iran

BACKGROUND Monoclonal antibodies(mAbs)have shown clinical benefits against coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).Several studies have reported the use of bamlanivimab as a promising treatment option for *** To synthesize the latest evidence for the efficacy and safety of bamlanivimab alone in the treatment of adult patients with *** A literature search was conducted in PubMed,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,medRxiv,and Google Scholar using“SARS-CoV-2”,“COVID-19”,“LY-CoV555”,and“Bamlanivimab”keywords up to January 25,*** quality of included studies was assessed using the Cochrane bias *** Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software version 3.0 was used to analyze the *** A total of 30 studies involving 47368 patients were included.A significant difference was observed between the bamlanivimab and standard of care/placebo groups in terms of mortality rate[risk ratio(RR)=50,95%confidence interval(CI):0.36-0.70],hospitalization rate(RR=0.51;95%CI:0.39-0.68),and emergency department(ED)visits(RR=0.69;95%CI:0.47-0.99);while the two groups exhibited no significant difference in terms of intensive care unit(ICU)admission(P>0.05).Compared to other mAbs,bamlanivimab was associated with a higher rate of hospitalization(RR=1.44;95%CI:1.07-1.94).however,no significant difference was detected between the bamlanivimab and other mAbs groups in terms of mortality rate,ICU admission,and ED(P>0.05).The incidence of any adverse events was similar between the bamlanivimab and control groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION Although the results suggest the efficacy and safety of bamlanivimab in COVID-19 patients,further research is required to confirm the efficacy of this drug for the current circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Bamlanivimab Monoclonal antibody Meta-analysis

Analysis of socio-environmental impacts of the loss of urban trees and vegetation in Lahore,Pakistan:a review of public perception

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Ecological Processes 2016年第1期5卷 48-59页

作者： Safdar Ali shirazi Jamil h.Kazmi Department of Geography University of the PunjabQuaid-i-Azam CampusLahorePakistan Department of Geography University of KarachiKarachiPakistan

Introduction:This paper focused on the process of urbanization in Lahore and its correlation with the loss of urban vegetation and perceived environmental impacts based on local population’s perception through administration of a questionnaire *** is known as a city of gardens and green spaces in Pakistan and always possessed rich green character in its long *** the past few decades due to rapid urbanization,the city has lost its aesthetically important urban vegetation,tress,and *** field studies and remote sensing data revealed that the loss of vegetation has been experienced at an astonishing rate in many union councils of the ***:This study was conceived to probe importance and value of the urban tress and vegetation of Lahore in an environmental context and its general importance for the residents of the *** objectives were to analyze the role of vegetation in the life of citizens;the specific objective was to reveal the attitudes and responses of city dwellers about loss of urban trees/vegetation and its role in the overall environment,process of urbanization,and maintenance *** the present paper,perception of local people(n=2080)regarding the socio-environmental impacts due to the ongoing process of urbanization and detriments of vegetation loss has been probed through administration of a household *** collected data has been tested with respondent’s age,gender,marital status,education,monthly income,and ***:This study was an attempt to document and explore the change in historical transformation in vegetation and perception of the sample population of *** perception survey has revealed that urbanization is the major cause of loss of vegetation and has caused a number of perceived environmental problems in the ***:The study underlined an analysis of people’s perceptions regarding the loss of trees and *** perceived socio-environmental findings revea

关键词： Anthropogenic Union council Socio-environmental Perception Vegetation Urban trees

Prediction of hydro-suction dredging depth using data-driven methods

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2021年第3期15卷 652-664页

作者： Amin MAhDAVI-MEYMAND Mohammad ZOUNEMAT-KERMANI kourosh QADERI Water Engineering Department Shahid Bahonar University of KermanKerman***Iran

In this study,data-driven methods(DDMs)including different kinds of group method of data handling(GMDh)hybrid models with particle swarm optimization(PSO)and henry gas solubility optimization(hGSO)methods,and simple equations methods were applied to simulate the maximum hydro-suction dredging depth(h_(s)).Sixty-seven experiments were conducted under different hydraulic conditions to measure the h_(s).Also,33 data samples from three previous studies were *** model input variables consisted of pipeline diameter(d),the distance between the pipe inlet and sediment level(Z),the velocity of flow passing through the pipeline(u_(0)),the water head(h),and the medium size of particles(D_(50)).Data-driven simulation results indicated that the hGSO algorithm accurately trains the GMDh methods better than the PSO algorithm,whereas the PSO algorithm trained simple simulation equations more *** all used DDMs,the integrative GMDh-hGSO algorithm provided the highest accuracy(RMSE=7.086 mm).The results also showed that the integrative GMDhs enhance the accuracy of polynomial GMDhs by∼14.65%(based on the RMSE).

关键词： sedimentation water resources dam engineering machine learning heuristic

Corrosion behavior of Ce-doped Ni-10Cu-11Fe-6Al(wt%) inert anode in molten CaCl_2 salt

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Journal of Rare Earths 2019年第2期37卷 218-224页

作者： Mehdi Alzamani kourosh Jafarzadeh Arash Fattah-alhosseini Malek Ashtar University of Technology Department of Materials Engineering Bu-Ali Sina University

In this research the effect of cerium dopingon corrosion behavior of Ni-10 Cu-11 Fe-6 Al(wt%) alloy as a novel inert anode in titanium electrolytic production was investigated. The samples, including un-doped and Ce-doped nickel-based alloys, were prepared using vacuum induction melting(VIM) process and then exposed to the electrolysis in molten calcium chloride at 900C at à1.6 V versus graphite reference electrode for different immersion time. The surface and cross-section of the samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy(SEM), and their electrochemical behavior was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS). The results show that the un-doped samples have greater number of voids and porosities as compared to that of the 0.0064 wt% Ce-doped samples(as the optimum content of cerium in the alloy). Thus, the nickel-based alloy becomes less sensitive to the pitting by addition of cerium. The corrosion penetration depth reaches about 244 mm after 16 h of electrolysis in the un-doped sample, while was approximately 103 mm for the 0.0064 wt% Ce-doped sample, which is an indication that the corrosion penetration depth decreases by adding small amounts of Ce.

关键词： Ni-10Cu-11Fe-6Al Ce doping Corrosion behavior Molten CaCl2 salt Nickel-based alloy Rare earths

Mechanical responses of pristine and defective hexagonal boron-nitride nanosheets:A molecular dynamics investigation

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2020年第3期14卷 623-631页

作者： Mohammad SALAVATI Arvin MOJAhEDIN Ali hossein Nezhad shirazi Institute of Structural Mechanics Bauhaus-Universitat WeimarWeimar D-99423Germany

ABSTRACT In this work we conducted classical molecular dynamics(MD)simulation to investigate the mechanical characteristics and failure mechanism of hexagonal boron-nitride(h-BN)*** and defective structure of h-BN nanosheets were considered under the uniaxial tensile loadings at various *** defective structure contains three types of the most common initial defects in engineering materials that are known as cracks,notches(with various length/size),and point vacancy defects(with a wide range of concentration).MD simulation results demonstrate a high load-bearing capacity of extremely defective(amorphized)h-BN *** results also reveal that the tensile strength decline by increasing the defect content and temperature as *** MD results provide a comprehensive and useful vision concerning the mechanical properties ofh-BN nanosheets with/without defects,which is very critical for the designing of nanodevices exploiting the exceptional physics of h-BN.

关键词： hexagonal boron-nitride mechanical properties crack notch point defects molecular dynamics

Experimental investigation on the stability of bride girder against tsunami forces

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2014年第10期57卷 2028-2036页

作者： RAhMAN Sadia AKIB Shatirah.shirazi S M Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Malaya Institute of Environmental and Water Resources Management (IPASA) Faculty of EngineeringUniversiti Teknologi Malaysia

Bridges are the most useful part in the transportation *** disruption of the bridge structures may hamper the whole transportation *** the last recent tsunamis,numerous number of bridges were structurally damaged by the tsunami *** of proper provisions of tsunami forces in the design guidelines also contributes to the augmentations of the damage ***,proper evaluation of the tsunami forces on the bridge girder should be introduced in the design *** this study,laboratory experiments were carried out to reveal the damage mechanism of the bridge girder by assessing the exerted tsunami *** broken and unbroken waves were considered for the *** results showed that measured forces were larger for broken waves than those of unbroken *** force of the broken waves was 4.59 times as large as the hydrostatic ***,waves reached the peak value more rapidly for larger wave heights than those of smaller ***,a girder that is placed at a higher position is much vulnerable to tsunami hazard.

关键词： bridge force girder tsunami wave forms wave height

Experimental study on the effect of bottomless structure in front of a bottom outlet on a sediment ?ushing cone

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2021年第3期36卷 335-347页

作者： hadi haghjouei Majid Rahimpour kourosh Qaderi Sameh A.Kantoush Department of Water Engineering Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman

One of the main problems in reservoirs is sedimentation which reduces the operating life of dams if a proper plan and analysis method are not in *** techniques to manage sediment in reservoirs include several sustainable management techniques that route sediment through or around the *** of the main economical methods in arid and semi-arid regions is pressurized flushing using moderate drawdown of the water level of the reservoir to evacuate sediment deposited behind *** the current study,the effect of a new structure called a dendritic bottomless extended （DBE） outlet structure at three angles of 30°,45°,and 60° on pressurized flushing efficiency was ***,45 experiments were designed for three discharge rates （Q;） ,three sediment levels （h;）,four types of structure,and a no-structure condition （reference test）.The results indicated that the DBE structure with a 30° angle between the branches,a sedimentary dimensionless index of ■,and a flow dimensionless index of ■（where g is the acceleration of gravity and Do is the diameter of the bottom outlet） lead to 10-fold increase in the sediment flushing cone dimensions and sediment removal efficiency compared to the results of the reference ***,according to a statistical analysis of the results,a dimensionless equation for calculating the sediment flushing cone dimensions was developed for the tested sediment characteristics.

关键词： Reservoir Sediment removal efficiency Sediment flushing cone Bottom outlet Dendritic bottomless extended structure