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Problematic of Drinking Water Access in Rural Area: Case Study of the Sourou Valley in Burkina Faso

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2013年第1期4卷 31-50页

作者： Savadogo Boubacar Kaboré aminata Zongo Dramane Poda Jean Noel Bado Hortense Rosillon Francis Dayeri Dianou Convention for the Promotion of a Sustainable Development Non-Govern- mental Organization Ouagadougou Burkina Faso National Center for Scientific and Technological Researches Institute for Health Sciences Research Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Research Center for Biological Alimentary and Nutritional Sciences Research and Training Unit Life and Earth Sciences Univer- sity of Ouagadougou Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Water Environment Development Unit Arlon Campus University of Liège Arlon Belgique

Safe drinking water access for rural populations in developing countries remains a challenge for a sustainable development. The study aims to investigate the drinking water quality and the factors affecting this quality in the Sourou valley in Burkina Faso. A total of 135 water samples were collected in sterile glass bottles during the dry seasons 2007, 2008, and 2012 from 10 drillings and 5 wells. Fifteen physicochemical parameters and two fecal pollution indicators (Escherichia coli and fecal Coliforms) were monitored based on laboratory standard methods. Datas were analyzed, using the Student t’ test and XLSTAT 7.5.2 statistical software. From results obtained, water quality was related to water source and sampling period as well (p 0.0001). 30% of drillings provided water with nitrates concentration over the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline value. High turbidity was also observed for some drillings. Moreover, 90% of drillings showed water total hardness largely over the WHO threshold value. Water from drillings were exempt of fecal pollution, contrasting with the wells one which appeared uniformly polluted with concentrations exceeding sometimes 103 and 104 CFU/100 ml for E. coli and fecal Coliforms, respectively. Field investigations showed a preference of wells as drinking water source, and that appeared related to the lack of self-management of drillings and to cultural considerations. Overall, this study highlighted that a regular survey of water quality, management of protection zones around drinking water sources, sensitization on water resources self-management, hygiene and health issues, and providing appropriate household disinfection methods could help advancing to reach an effective safe drinking water access for rural populations in the country.

关键词： Drinking Water Chemistry Bacteriology Pollution Sourou Burkina Faso

Grain Size Influence on the Compaction Aptitude and the Bearing Strength of the Gravel Lateritic Soils

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Geomaterials 2018年第4期8卷 63-76页

作者： Baye Oumar Diop Ignace Gbaguidi Papa Goumbo Lo aminata Cisse Seynabou Sène Makhaly Ba cole Supérieure Polytechnique Université Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Senegal Institut des Sciences de la Terre Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Senegal Centre Expérimental de Recherches et d’études pour l’équipement (CEREEQ)1 Dakar Senegal AGEROUTE-Sénégal Fann Résidence Dakar Senegal UFR Sciences de l’Ingénieur Université de Thiès Thiès Senegal

This study is carried out to appreciate the coarse elements influence of the gravel lateritic soils on the pavement behavior. The material involves not only the 0/20 mm granular particles considered in the specifications and on the laboratory tests, but also all of the material that is actually used in the construction sites. Geotechnical characterization was leaned on five differentiated granular classes of 0/20;0/25;0/31.5;0/40 and 0/63 mm diameters. The sample of 0/40 mm gets the best compaction aptitude, while that of 0/31.5 mm reaches the greatest bearing strength and a good Optimum Moisture Content. According to the requirements and its bearing strengths, the material is usable up to subbase layer and its behavior depends on the grain size.

关键词： Granular Class Bearing Strength Optimum Modified Proctor (OMP) Gravel Lateritic Soils Pavement

Hysterosalpingography Profile of Utero-Tubal Lesions in Female Infertility in Mopti (Mali, West Africa)

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Open Journal of Medical Imaging 2022年第2期12卷 67-72页

作者： Souleymane Sanogo Mamadou N’Diaye Alassane kouma Nana Dembélé Issa Cissé Ouncoumba Diarra Ilias Guindo Mahamadou Diallo Medical Imaging Department Sominé Dolo Hospital Mopti Mali Medical Imaging Department Mother-Child Luxembourg University Hospital Center Bamako Mali Army Medical Imaging Center Central Directorate of Armed Forces Services Bamako Mali Medical Imaging Department Municipal III Reference Health Center Bamako Mali Medical Imaging Department The University Hospital Center of Kati Bamako Mali Medical Imaging Department The University Hospital Center Gabriel Touré Bamako Mali

Introduction: Infertility is the inability to achieve pregnancy after 12 months of regular, unprotected sexual intercourse by a couple of childbearing age. It is a real public health problem because of its high prevalence in both developed and developing countries. Female infertility occupies a prominent place in reproductive health in Africa such as in our country Mali. The objective of this work was to determine the hysterosalpingography profile of utero-tubal lesions in the etiological research of female infertility in Mopti. Materials and Method: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study covering a period of one year from January 2019 to December 2019 in the radiology department of Sominé Dolo Hospital in Mopti. The variables analyzed were patient age and hysterosalpingography results. The hysterosalpingography examination was performed 3 or 4 days after menstruation on a remote-controlled table under fluoroscopic control. Data analysis was done with the aid of SPSS version 22 and Excel 2016 software. Results: During the study period, 9012 patients were seen in the imaging department, including 115 patients, or 1.3% for infertility assessment. The 25 - 29 age group was the most represented with 34 patients or 29.6%. The mean was 30.39 ± 6.96 years with extremes of 17 and 46 years. Tubal abnormalities represented 45 cases or 39.1%. Hydrosalpinx was the most prevalent with 26 cases or 36.6%. Conclusion: Tubal lesions were the most observed, especially hydrosalpinx following. Hysterosalpingography remains the first choice in the radiological assessment of female infertility in our context.

关键词： Infertility Hysterosalpingography Hydrosalpinx Mopti Hospital

Study of Durability of Siliceous Sand Based Mortars in Togo, and of Binder of Plastic Bags of the Kind “Voltic”: Hydrocarbons’ Effect

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2018年第1期6卷 25-37页

作者： Kossi Bollanigni Amey Ouro-Djobo Samah kouma Neglo Abalo P’Kla Komi Mawutodzi Sounsah Komlan Amoussou A. Vianou Ecole Nationale Supérieure d’Ingénieurs (ENSI) Université de Lomé (UL) Lomé Togo Centre de la Construction et du Logement (CCL) Lomé Togo Equipe de Recherche et Développement (ERDF) FORMATEC Lomé Togo Laboratory of Study and Research Industrial Technologies University of Abomey Cotonou Benin

The present study aims at environmental protection through the use of plastic wastes in the production of mortar. The behavior of siliceous sand-based mortars from Togo and binders of plastic bags of the kind “voltic” is analyzed. Mortar samples from a mixture of siliceous sand and binder of plastic bags are prepared and subjected to physical and mechanical tests after immersion in the hydrocarbon from 0 hour to 504 hours. The result demonstrates that hydrocarbons have no influence on mechanical properties of mortars for an immersion time below 3 hours. Between 3 hours and 24 hours the presence of hydrocarbon increases their physical and mechanical properties. After 24 hours mortars generally lose the mechanical properties of around 8% to 24% due to the loss of viscosity and cohesiveness of the binder caused by the fuel. The behavior in the face of hydrocarbons shows that the material can be used in the surface of roads by carefully avoiding that hydrocarbons remain on the roads for a period of time beyond 24 hours.

关键词： Mortar Plastic Bags Siliceous Sand Hydrocarbon Physical and Mechanical Properties

Technical and Economic Feasibility of Solar Pump Irrigation in the North-Niayes Region in Senegal

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Engineering（科研） 2021年第7期13卷 399-419页

作者： aminata Sarr Lamine Diop Ibrahima Diatta Yaye Deffa Wane Ansouma Bodian Sidy Mouhamed Seck Nicola Lamaddalena Luciano Mateos Faculty of Agronomic Sciences Aquaculture and Food Technology Gaston Berger University Sain Louis Senegal Irrigated Agriculture Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari (CIHEAM BARI) Bari Italy Interdisciplinary Research Group in Support of Regional Planning and Local Development Gaston Berger University Sain Louis Senegal Faculty of Arts and Humanities Gaston Berger University Sain Louis Senegal Institute for Sustainable Agriculture CSIC Córdoba Spain

Northern Niayes is an area where agriculture is the main activity. Water used for irrigation in this area comes exclusively from groundwater. Farmers do not have access to electricity, thus fuel is the main source of energy used, which is very expensive. The objective of this study was to assess the techno-economic feasibility of solar irrigation pumps. Regarding technical feasibility, pump sizing was carried out on the basis of irrigation management, irrigation techniques, and water distribution. Also, the economic feasibility was studied on the basis of the Net Present Value, Benefit-Cost Ratio, Internal Rate of Return and Payback Period. Results showed for cultivated area ranging from 0.05 ha to 1.91 ha, pumps’ flow rate does not vary greatly from one irrigation technique to another. It varies between 2.5 m3/h and 31 m3/h. However, pressure and power are higher when using drip and sprinkler irrigation techniques, ranging from 27.8 m to 39.9 m for drip and 40.1 m to 58.5 m for sprinkler irrigation. The power varies between 0.05 kW and 1.6 kW for manual, between 0.05 kW and 2.5 kW for drip and between 0.1 kW and 4.75 kW for sprinkler irrigation. The investment cost is variable (669 euros to 21,400 euros), depending on the cultivated area, pump brands and characteristics, and irrigation techniques. Results show that the investment cost ranges from 669 euros (438,500 CFA) to 4090 euros (2,683,000 CFA) when using the manual irrigation technique, from 1281 euros to 20,600 euros when using the drip irrigation technique and from 819 euros to 21,403 eu

关键词： Irrigation Solar Feasibility Techno-Economic Niayes

Double Compression of Left Atrium and Pulmonary Artery by a Huge Descending Aortic Aneurysm with Intramural Hematoma Mimicking Pulmonary Embolism: A Case Report

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2019年第6期9卷 419-424页

作者： Djibril Marie BA aminata Diack Alain Affangla Khadidiatou Dia Mouhamed Cherif Mboup Mouhamed Leye Abdoul Kane Unit of Training and Research in Medical Sciences University of Thies Thies Senegal Department of Radiology Principal Hospital of Dakar Dakar Senegal Department of Cardiology Principal Hospital of Dakar Dakar Senegal Department of Cardiology Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal

Hemodynamic instability secondary to left atrial (LA) compression by an aortic aneurysm is a rare entity. We report?the case of a 43-year old woman with no previous diagnosis of congestive heart failure who was admitted for an initial diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE) based on shortness of breath, hypotension and D-Dimers?elevation. The electrocardiogram and blood counts were within normal limits. The chest X-ray revealed widening of the mediastinum. Transthoracic echocardiography demonstrated LA compression by a large descending thoracic aortic aneurysm. Left and right ventricle systolic functions were preserved. Chest angiography showed LA and left pulmonary artery (LPA) compression by a descending aortic aneurysm and an intramural hematoma with no evidence of PE evidence. Emergency surgery could not be done because of her financial status. She was treated medically and was discharged 1?week later with significant improvement. However she remained hypotensive.

关键词： Aortic Aneurysm Left Atrium Compression Pulmonary Artery Compression Intramural Hematoma Echocardiography

Ultrasound of the Siren Syndrome (Sirenomelia) in the District of Bamako Apropos of a Case

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Open Journal of Medical Imaging 2022年第3期12卷 165-170页

作者： Ouncoumba Diarra Ousmane Traore Ilias Guindo Mamadou Dembele Souleymane Traore Alassane kouma Issa Cisse Mahamadou Diallo Siaka Sidibe Adama Diama Keita Radiology Department of the Reference Health Center of the CIII Commune of Bamako Bamako Mali Radiology Department of the Medical Clinic “Marie Curie” Bamako Mali Radiology Department of the KATI Hospital Center Bamako Mali Radiology Department of the Medical Clinic “FERTILIA-DIAFOUNOU” Bamako Mali Radiology Department of the “Luxembourg” Mother-Child Hospital Center Bamako Mali Radiology Department of the “Gabriel TOURE” Hospital Center Bamako Mali Radiology Department CHU Point G Bamako Mali

Sirenomelia is a rare fetal malformation with more or less complete fusion of both lower limbs consistently associated with bilateral renal abnormalities. The positive diagnosis can be made antenatally by ultrasound during the first trimester of pregnancy but often before the 22 weeks of amenorrhea. The objective was to think about the possible diagnosis by ultrasound in front of the urinary anomalies and the ologiamnios during the morphological study of the second trimester of pregnancy. We report a case of sirenomelia in a 25-year-old lady as part of the routine prenatal assessment suspected and confirmed during the morphological ultrasound of the second trimester of pregnancy and confirmed after the termination of pregnancy in Mali in the Health Center of Reference of commune III of the district of Bamako. The morphological ultrasound made it possible to diagnose the malformation of the urinary tract, the amniotic fluid and to make the therapeutic decision of medical termination of pregnancy at the end of confirming the siren syndrome.

关键词： Sirenomalia Ultrasound Fetal Malformation Mali

Anti-Melanogenesis Effect of Daniellic Acid Isolated from <i>Daniellia oliveri</i>(Rolfe) Hutch. &Dalziel (Leguminosae) Oleoresin of Burkina Faso

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Open Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2021年第4期11卷 41-57页

作者： aminata P. Nacoulma Moussa Compaoré Naamwin-so-Bawfu Romaric Meda Laurent Pottier Véronique Megalizzi Issa Some Martin Kiendrebeogo Laboratoire de Toxicologie Environnement et Santé Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Microbiology Bioorganic and Macromolecular Chemistry and RD3—Pharmacognosy Bioanalysis & Drug Discovery Units Université libre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Chimie Appliquées Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Over the past years, natural products have been used as useful candidates for prevention and treatment of skin disorders such as skin darkening. In this current research, Daniellia oliveri which was a potential source of cosmeceutical agent was selected to investigate its active components. Daniellic acid isolated from the oleoresin was characterized by using data from 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, HSQC, IR, and online chemo-informatic analysis. The daniellic acid antioxidant, anti-proliferative, and tyrosinase inhibition capabilities were evaluated. This compound possessed an anti-DPPH and iron (III) reducing effect compared to quercetin. It was able to inhibit 9 tumor cells with IC50 going from 0.03 mM (U373) to 0.14 mM (Malme-3M). Interestingly daniellic acid inhibits tyrosinase activity with 1.20 mM as IC50. The tyrosinase inhibition mechanism was noncompetitive mixed-type with un-significant effect on cell melanogenesis. Daniellic acids induced a half-reduction of melanin production in B16F10 cell in IBMX stimulation (p

关键词： Daniellia oliveri Daniellic Acid Tyrosinase Melanogenesis Cytotoxicity

Baseline of the Use of Solar Irrigation Pump in the Niayes Area in Senegal

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Natural Resources 2021年第5期12卷 125-146页

作者： aminata Sarr Lamine Diop Ibrahima Diatta Yaye Deffa Wane Ansouma Bodian Sidy Mouhamed Seck Luciano Mateos Nicola Lamaddalena Faculty of Agronomic Sciences Aquaculture and Food Technology Gaston Berger University Saint Louis Senegal Irrigated Agriculture Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari (CIHEAM BARI) Bari Italy Interdisciplinary Research Group in Support of Regional Planning and Local Development Gaston Berger University Saint Louis Senegal Faculty of Arts and Humanities Gaston Berger University Saint Louis Senegal Institute for Sustainable Agriculture CSIC Córdoba Spain

Solar irrigation pumps are considered as an alternative to the use of diesel and electric pumps due to the high cost of energy. These pumps are now increasingly used in the Niayes area. Thus, a more in-depth knowledge about the components of a solar pumping system and their characteristics available on the market as well as prices can be beneficial. This study was conducted to have an idea on the baseline of the use of solar irrigation pumps in this area. To perform this study, surveys were conducted among 12 suppliers and 10 service providers located in Dakar, Thies, Louga and Saint-Louis region and among 53 users located in Potou area which is in Louga region. Results show a wide range of pump brands and characteristics. Brands found were Lorentz, LIKOU, SHIMGE, Grundfos, Solar pump, Feili, Difful, JUQIANG, Solar tech, and Asaman. The pumps’ flow rate varies between 2.5 m3/h and 45 m3/h, the pressure ranges from 15 m to 160 m and the power is between 0.072 kW and 10 kW. The price of these pumps varies depending on the brand used and their characteristics. In addition, other materials are available, such as panels with power ranging from 80 W to 330 W and electric cables. The price of these components varies according on the type used. Thus, the investment cost for implementation varies between 640 euros (420,000 CFA) and 25,087 euros (16,455,919 CFA). The cost of installation varies between 76.3 euros (50,000 CFA) and 1219.6 euros (800,000 CFA). Concerning maintenance, it is generally free during the warranty period when the equipment is supplied and installed by the same company. However, the cost of maintenance varies between 152.5 euros and 457.4 euros/year or is estimated at 45.7 euro/maintenance after the warranty years. Investigations conducted among users show that farmers in general do not perform pump maintenance due to a lack of knowledge and financial means. Thus, according to farmers, factors that impact pumps operation are the lo

关键词： Solar Pumping System Irrigation Suppliers Service Providers Users Niayes Area