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Effect of Stabilizers and Storage Time on the Quality of Tomato Sauce

Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2024年第1期13卷 27-35页

作者： kouch Sothakong Hor Rathna Ek Sopheap theng kouch Chay Chim Faculty of Agro-industry Royal University of AgriculturePhnom Penh 12400Cambodia Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Royal University of AgriculturePhnom Penh 12400Cambodia Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries Phnom Penh 12300Cambodia

The experiment was conducted at laboratory of the faculty of Agro-industry,Royal University of Agriculture,locating in Phnom Penh city,commenced from August to October,*** single factor CRD(Completely Randomized Design)was used with 6 treatments and 3 *** the 7 ingredients were used such as tomato,sugar,salt,onion,bell pepper,sodium benzoate and vinegar,with or without *** processing,the sauce was kept in room temperature to observe the self-life and the variation of nutrients contain in 8 *** chemical compositions in the sauce were analyzed to identify the variation during storing in the temperature *** the findings showed that the pH value,Total soluble solids and Color(L,A&B)of all treatments has decreased in 8th week comparing to starting point,while the Total acids *** comparing among the 6 treatments,after the products have produced(w0),all the chemical compositions in group T0 containing the lowest,exception of Fat and Color(L).When the self-life up to eight weeks,all the composition parameters were statistically different(except for Moisture,Ash,Dry Mass,and Fat).For identification the Bacteria presenting showed that there was no present in first day of self-life until the first *** present of bacteria were detected from 2nd week to 8th week,excepted *** CFU of T0 had the lowest number of colonies,while T3 had the highest *** the same time,we found that the number of colonies decreases with the age of storage(self-life),which means that at the beginning of growing in the second week,it had higher amount(from 2.10 to 2.69 of CFU as log);while this number decreased with the shelf life up to 8 weeks,which is between 0 to 2.35.

关键词： Self-life chemical compositions bacteria CFU.

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Medication for Birth Control in Bitch at Battambang City,Battambang Province,Cambodia

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2024年第2期13卷 61-67页

作者： Nal Si Sokun Khoeurn Manay It kouch theng Graduate School Royal University of AgriculturePhnom Penh 12400Cambodia Faculty of Agriculture University of Svay RiengSvay Rieng 200705Cambodia Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Royal University of AgriculturePhnom Penh 12400Cambodia

The observation study was conducted in Battambang City,Battambang province,by interviewing the 88 dog owners,who came to the animal pharmacy stores and clinics by using convenience sampling method of nonrandomized *** the results of the interviews,showed that the dog owners were selected in different range of age and gender,however,most of them were in middle age from 21-40 years old,with medium and rich living *** confinement in premise/house was primarily applied by dog *** number of bitches per household was from 1 to 3 batches,and there was no association with the wellbeing of the owners,and the age was from 2 to 4 years old,but some bitches had older *** of the bitches were dewormed in last 3 months and 6 months,however,there were some bitches last more than 6 months after *** bitch vaccination was applied by owner around for 60.00%.There were two popular types of vaccination,Rabies and DHLPP(Distemper,Hepatitis,Leptospirosis,Parvovirus,and Parainfluenza).For dog population management,about 94.29%of the owners apply nonsurgical method with applying *** reasons for using nonsurgical method were not only the cheapest price and easy way,but also there was no information on the consequence of using medication for birth *** medication was highly used before ***,almost half of them got health problem in less than 3 months after administration,also some got long-term *** clinical signs observed,the enlargement of belly was the most evidence,since 54.76%of affected bitches had shown it,then followed by discharge blood from vulvar,clear discharge and thick white pus from vulvar,accounting for 38.10%,35.71%and 26.71%,respectively.

关键词： Bitch vaccination birth control clinical signs

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Growth Performance of Crocodile Fed with Chicken Intestine and Trash Fish at Smallholder Farm in Siem Reap Province,Cambodia

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B) 2024年第2期13卷 86-91页

作者： Sourloing Hor Kanan Dim Sungchang Kang Kroesna Kang kouch theng Manay Ith Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Royal University of AgriculturePhnom Penh 12400Cambodia National Institute of Education Phnom Penh 120204Cambodia Graduate School Royal University of AgriculturePhnom Penh 12400Cambodia

The experiment was conducted at the smallholder crocodile farm at Pouk district,Siem reap province,and lasted 12 months,commenced from January 1st to December 31st,*** CRBD(Completely Randomized Block Design),was used in 3 treatments,such as T1(fed chicken intestine only),T2(fed chicken intestine+trash fish)and T3(fed trash fish only),with 4 replications in each *** block was set by gender of crocodile,male and *** 36 of local breed crocodiles 4 months old were allocated into each replication *** result found that the length of crocodile gradually increased in the first semester,then it greatly increased from or for second semester for all *** addition,the final body length of crocodile was significant different among treatments(p0.05)(Table 1).The body weight of crocodile had gradually increased in the first semester,then it greatly increased from or for second semester for all treatments,while the final body weight of crocodile was also significant different among treatments(p0.05).Feed intake was calculated based on amount of feed offer and measured in fresh *** amount of intake feed in all treatments was the ***(Feed Conversion Ratio)was significant different a

关键词： Local breed body length body weight ADG FCR

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Study on the Quality of Boar Semen in Kandal Province,Cambodia

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B) 2024年第2期13卷 92-95页

作者： Sophorn Kimsan Songchhang Kang Kroesna Kang kouch theng Manay Ith Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Royal University of AgriculturePhnom Penh 12400Cambodia National Institute of Education Phnom Penh 120101Cambodia Graduate School Royal University of AgriculturePhnom Penh 12400Cambodia

In pig production,the selection of parent stock with high capacity and quality is a very important factor in order to obtain high-yield ***,a“study on the quality of boar semen in Kandal province”was conducted for the purpose of comparing and evaluating the quality of boar semen(VAC:Volume Activity Concentration)between Duroc breeds,Yorkshire breeds and Landrace *** study was carried out according to an observation study by selecting three breeds of boars around 3 years old,including two Duroc,two Yorkshire and two *** boar was observed in three months,three times a month,and the interval was three to four *** study took place in Takhmao City,Kandal Province,*** results showed that the semen volume per ejaculate per head obtained from Yorkshire boar was an average of 250±76.16 mL,which was higher than the semen volume of Landrace with an average of 173.33±59.73 *** the semen volume of Duroc was an average of 149.44±72.70 *** value indicates that the semen volume per ejaculate per head was significantly different(p<0.01).The activity or mobility of spermatozoa in the semen between the three breeds differed with slightly significant difference(p<0.05),with the spermatozoa scored from the Yorkshire being 0.76±0.06,Landrace being 0.79±0.05 and Duroc being 0.83±*** semen concentration showed that the Yorkshire had an average spermatozoa concentration of 568.89×10^(6) sperm cells/mL,and the Landrace had an average spermatozoa concentration of 321.11×10^(6) sperm cells/mL and the Duroc an average spermatozoa concentration of 568.86×10^(6) sperm cells/mL,which further confirmed that there was a significant difference in the statistical meaning(p<0.001).The semen quality(VAC)per one ejaculate between the three breeds showed significant difference(p<0.05),in which the VAC of the Yorkshire was 39.31×10^(9) sperms per ejaculate,Landrace was 44.54×10^(9) sperm cells per ejaculate and Duroc was 70.28×10^(9) sperm cells pe

关键词： Pig breed semen volume spermatozoa mobility spermatozoa concentration

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Antibody Titer of Newcastle Disease in Vaccinated and Non-vaccinated Local Chicken of Cambodia

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B) 2024年第2期13卷 80-85页

作者： Sokha Thim Solida Keo Kannan Dim Kroesna Kang Sath Keo Vutey Venn kouch theng Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Royal University of AgriculturePhnom Penh 12400Cambodia General Directorate of Animal Health and Production Phnom Penh 120603Cambodia Graduate School Royal University of AgriculturePhnom Penh 12400Cambodia

The experiment was conducted at Veterinary Research Station of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,Royal University of *** experimental period lasted 60 days,starting from October 1st to November 30th ***(Completely Randomized Design)was used with 2 treatments/groups,vaccination group and non-vaccination group“control”,and 6 *** vaccination groups received two times of vaccination by dropping into the ocular at 7 days and 21 ***,blood samples were collected 3 times to detect the antibody level of ND(Newcastle Disease)and contained 21 days old,35 days old and 49 days old *** ELISA(Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay)was performed to detect the antibody of those 2 *** result of finding showed that the S/P(Sample to Positive)ratio of control at 21 days,was very low,even in 3rd quartile,which was below the ***,the vaccination group was relatively high,even in 1st quartile,which was higher than the *** 35 days,S/P ratio of control group was still very low,but a bit higher than at 21 ***,the vaccination group was still high,even in 1st quartile,and two-time higher than at 21 days,but an increasing number of samples developed less antibody than threshold,accounting for 12.22%.At 49 days,the control group was still very low,even in 3rd quartile,but a bit higher than at 21 days and 35 days,and was close to the *** vaccination group was still relatively high,even in 1st quartile but lower than three times comparing to 35 ***,in this age,the number of chickens that developed antibody seemed to be increased in the control group,vice versa for vaccination *** average S/P ratio was different significant(p<0.001),where vaccination had higher S/P ratio than *** was similar finding for log-titer,the vaccination had higher figure(p<0.001).The risk of infection of ND was higher in control group,but it will reduce by increasing the age of chicken,while vaccination group was

关键词： Antibody vaccination control ND S/P ratio

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Newcastle Disease in Chickens of Smallholder Farmers at Krang Yov Commune S’ang District,Kandal Province

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2024年第2期13卷 68-75页

作者： Sokha Thim Chhay Kheang Lim Kroesna Kang Sath Keo Vutey Venn kouch theng Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Royal University of AgriculturePhnom Penh 12400Cambodia General Directorate of Animal Health and Production Phnom Penh 120603Cambodia Graduate School Royal University of AgriculturePhnom Penh 12400Cambodia

The study was conducted in Krang Yov commune,S’ang district,Kandal province and was conducted in three villages,including Kampong Po,Andong and Svay Damnak *** the total,88 families were selected for interview by using snowball technic of nonprobability *** to the results of the interviews,it showed that the number of farmers who raised chickens and had participated in training was very low number,ranging from 10.71%to 34.38%.For chicken raising system,the free ranging was the most popular by allowing the chicken to scavenge around the village,however,the total confinement was also *** local breed was more popular and the purpose of raising was for selling meat,however there were few households that raised the fighting cock for *** number of chickens owned per household,was mostly less than 20 birds,while,the average number of birds per household ranged from 16.82 birds to 37.66 ***,the average number of birds per household was significant different between the households who have participated in chicken raising training and those who never participated(p<0.05),accounting for 47.52 birds and 19.85 birds,*** the chicken feed,most of the farmers in those three villages used the concentration feed to offer the chicken,especially for supplementation,but,the whole rice was also used to supplement *** vaccination for chicken was significant different among the villages(p<0.05),in which the household in Kampong Po village had highest percentage of vaccinating their chicken,40.63%,than those in Svay Damnak and Andong *** Newcastle vaccination was the more popular in those ***,all of the households have experienced with the disease,especially ND(Newcastle Disease)accounting for 67.05%,followed by influenza and fowl *** chicken got sick,most of farmers had treated their chicken with different methods,especially buying the medicine from the store and treatment by themselves were mostly applicabl

关键词： Raising system vaccination biosecurity ND

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Growth Efficiency of Local Chickens Using Sweet Potato Vine with Concentration Feed as a Basal Diet

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B) 2024年第3期13卷 108-113页

作者： Hieak Hun Suheang Sorn Chan Bun Manay Ith Ty Chhay kouch theng Chetra Sar Faculty of Animal Sciences Royal University of AgriculturePhnom Penh 12400Cambodia General Directorate of Animal Health and Production Phnom Penh 120603Cambodia Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Royal University of AgriculturePhnom Penh 12400Cambodia Ministry of Environment Sangkat Tonle BasakKhan Chamkar MonPhnom Penh 120101Cambodia Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and FisheriesSangkat Tonle BasakKhan Chamkar MonPhnom Penh 120101Cambodia Graduate School Royal University of AgriculturePhnom Penh 12400Cambodia

The experiment was conducted at the animal experimental station of the Faculty of Animal Sciences,Royal University of Agriculture,commenced from 10 January to 14 March,*** CRD(Completely Randomized Design)was used with 5 treatments and 4 *** 500 chicks at one-day-old,local bread,were purchased from farmers who run their small scale hatchery *** chicks were kept together till 21 days old,and then were allocated randomly into in five diets(treatments),25 chicks per *** feed formulas for this study were designed and calculated to maintain a protein content of approximately 17%,dividing into 5 feed formulas(Treatments),such as concentrated feed only(control treatment:T0),plus 10%of fresh sweet potato vine(T1),plus 20%of fresh sweet potato vine(T2),plus 30%of fresh sweet potato vine(T3)and plus 20%of sweet potato vine meal(T4).The results showed that the treatment T1,had a similar final weight with the treatment T4,but was slightly lower than the treatment T0 which used concentrated feed *** intake and FCR(Feed Conversion Ratio)were not significantly different among those *** conclusion,the average daily weight gain of chickens seemed to decrease with increasing the level of fresh sweet potato ***,the optimum level of fresh sweet potato vine was 10%,which may have little effect on the growth performance of local *** addition,it was not far different from the positive control treatment and the treatment using sweet potato vine ***,the producers can increase the amount of sweet potato vine in feed formula by processing it into meal and mixing with concentrated feed or using as feed ingredients.

关键词： Local breed final weight feed intake FCR

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Effect of Using Israel Napier Grass in Feed Ration on Growth Performance of Local Chicken of Cambodia

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B) 2024年第1期13卷 47-52页

作者： Sophea Rous Tola Ka Sokha Thim Sath Keo kouch theng Kampong Cheuteal Institute of Technology Prasat Sambour District 060403Kampong Thom ProvinceCambodia Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Royal University of AgriculturePhnom Penh 12400Cambodia

This study investigated the effect of Israel grass in feed formulation on growth performance of local *** study was conducted from October 2023 until January 2024 in Kampong Chheutel Institute of *** CRD(Completely Randomized Design)was used with 4 treatments and 4 *** local chicks were purchased from local famer at 1 day old and kept in whole pen by feeding commercial *** 21 days old the total 320 chicks were allocated into experimental *** 4 feed formulas based on the level of Israel grass added such as 0,5%,7%and 9%,were called T1(control),T2,T3 and T4 *** result showed that body weight gain,feed intake,ADG(Average Daily Gain)and FCR(Feed Conversion Ratio)in all treatments were not significantly different(p>0.05).However,there was strong correlation between living weight with carcass of al treatments,but no difference among carcass percentage of local chicken for all different diet in this *** conclusion,the Israel grass did not affect growth performance of local chickens and can be used to replace some expensive feed ingredient,such as rice bran.

关键词： Israel grass growth performance carcass local chickens

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Cattle Production and Lumpy Skin Disease of Smallholder Farmers in Svay Rieng Province

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B) 2024年第1期13卷 39-46页

作者： Kimeang Chay Tola Ka Sokun Khoeun Chann Bun kouch theng Kampong Cheuteal Institute of Technology Prasat Sambour District 060403Kampong Thom ProvinceCambodia Faculty of Agriculture University of Svay RiengSvay Rieng 200705Cambodia General Directorate of Animal Health and Production Phnom Penh 120603Cambodia Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Royal University of AgriculturePhnom Penh 12400Cambodia

The cattle production in Romeas Haek district,Svay Rieng province,was developed remarkably,since there were some households raising cattle in large number,more than 20 *** grazing method of cattle was tethering and free grassing in the commune grass,since the natural grass and rice straw were the main source of cattle feed,however some of them supplemented their cattle with crop-byproducts,planting grass or concentrated *** the majority,BCS(Body Condition Scoring)of the cattle in those areas was 3 accounting for 52%-73.33%,but it was found the thin cattle has low BCS of 2 accounting for 11.11%to 40.00%and also fat cattle has BCS of 4 up to 27.78%.However,the average BCS varied with village which ranged from 2.68 to 3.17,but is not different in term of commune and sex of *** facing with shortage of feed,the experience with diseases was also another concern,since 85.71%to 95.83%of the households faced this problem last *** the clinical signs found,lumpy skin was 100%,*** one escaped from this problem,thus making them aware of vaccinating their cattle against some diseases such as FMD(Foot and Mouth Disease),HS(Hemorrhagic Septicemia)and LSD(Lumpy Skin Disease),but mostly vaccination was used against *** the LSD has occurred in these areas since 2020,then the seroprevalence was found in high positive up to 72.62%by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay(ELISA)*** positive rate was also varying by villages,ranging from 53.3%to 94.44%.But there was no association between positive cattle with commune,BCS,sex and age of *** conclusion,the cattle production in Romeas Haek district,Svay Rieng province had developed markedly,however the shortage of feed and disease occurrence are the main challenges for farmer cattle producers,especially LSD outbreak last ***,most of the farmers have been aware of the benefit of vaccination and had vaccinated their cattle against those main disease,such as FMD,HS and LSD.

关键词： Cattle production lumpy skin smallholder farmers seroprevalance

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Impact of Forage Programme on Cattle Body Condition Score of Smallholder Farmers in Cambodia

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B) 2019年第3期8卷 93-102页

作者： theng kouch Pen Miranda Sar Chetra Kang Kroesna Seng Mom Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Royal University of AgriculturePhnom Penh 12400Cambodia Centre for Livestock Development Studies Royal University of AgriculturePhnom Penh 12400Cambodia Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries Phnom Penh 12300Cambodia Royal University of Agriculture Phnom Penh 12400Cambodia

The survey was conducted in the target provinces,Kampong Cham and Pursat province,of Beef for Market Project funded by ACIAR,Australia,in January and July *** was designed with three different types of farmers such as adopted farmer,exposed farmers and non-exposed *** objective of the study is to evaluate the impact of the introducing forage on cattle production of smallholder farmers supported by the *** adopted farmers,who have involved in the project,planted the forage to supplement their cattle,got higher BCS(Body Condition Scoring)and total income than exposed and non-exposed ***,the BCS varied with season and gender of cattle as well,when in the raining season male cattle produced higher BSC than dry season and female cattle ***,further study on impact of converting cropland into forage planting should be deeply analyzed,since there was competition of land use.

关键词： Types of famers season BCS income

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