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Health Workers’ Assessment of the Frequency of and Caring for Urinary and Fecal Incontinence among Female Victims of Sexual Violence in the Eastern Congo: An Exploratory Study

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Open Journal of Nursing 2015年第4期5卷 354-360页

作者： Gunnel Andersson Berthollet Bwira Kaboru Annsofie Adolfsson edmond Ntabe Namegabe School of Health and Medical Sciences Fakultetsgatan 1 &Oumlrebro University &Oumlrebro Sweden The Centre for Women’s Family and Child Health Faculty of Health Sciences Buskerud & Vestfold University College Kongsberg Norway Faculty of Community Health and Development Université Libre des Pays des Grands Lacs Goma Congo Democratic Republic

Background: Throughout the long war that the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has endured, women and children have been depicted as the primary victims of widespread sexual violence. In some settings women have been raped in entire villages, with devastating physical and psychological consequences, which include sexually transmitted infections such as HIV, trauma and fistulas, as well as social isolation and involuntary pregnancies. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalent perceptions of health professionals on the magnitude of urine and/or fecal incontinence among assaulted women, caused by sexual violence, as well as the opinions regarding the type of care provided to affected women. Methods: The study was part of a larger pilot study that had a cross-sectional design and a descriptive approach, which explored health professionals’ views regarding their own levels of competence at responding to the health needs of victims of sexual violence, in the form of a semi-structured questionnaire. Results: 104 health workers responded to the questionnaire. Nurses reported seeing raped women more frequently on a day-to-day basis (69.2%), in comparison to medical doctors and social workers (11.5%). Urinary incontinence was common according to 79% of health workers, who estimated that up to 15% of the women affected experienced huge amounts of urine leakage. Only 30% of the care seekers underwent in depth investigations, but the majority of the victims were not offered any further examination or appropriate treatments. Conclusion: Urinary and fecal incontinence due to urogenital or colorectal fistulas among women exposed to sexual violence is a common in the specified setting, but lack of systematic investigation and appropriate treatment means that the quality of life of the victims may be negatively affected. An improvement in the ability of health workers to manage these complex diagnoses is urgently needed, as well as adequately equipping health services in the

关键词： Sexual Violence Fistulas Urinary Incontinence Fecal Incontinence Congo

Correlation between Anatomy and Root Canal Topography of First Maxillary Premolar on Kosovar Population

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Open Journal of Stomatology 2014年第7期4卷 332-339页

作者： Ferit Kocani Blerim Kamberi edmond Dragusha Tringa Kelmendi Zana Sejfija Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Faculty of Medicine/StomatologyUniversity of Prishtina“Hasan Prishtina”PrishtinaKosovo

Aim: In this in vitro study the variation of root anatomy and canal system of the first human maxillary premolar was evaluated. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and twenty one maxillary first premolars (#221 teeth) were examined. All of the teeth were identified using the accepted criteria of Woelfel as maxillary first premolars. Selected teeth are analyzed using operating microscope (OP) and computed dental radiography (CDR). Results: There was a higher incidence of two-roots form 70.14% (n = 155), 21.72% (n = 48) had one root, and 8.14% (n = 18) had three roots. In the two-root category, 16.29% (n = 36) had bifurcation on apical third, 21.72% (n = 48) had bifurcation on middle third, and 32.13% (n = 71) had bifurcation on cervical third. The examination of root canal systems of the teeth was based on Vertucci’s classification type of canal: 64.58% (#31) of the cases had type IV (2-2-2), 25.00% (#12) type II (2-2-1), 8.33% (#4) type I (1-1-1), and 2.09% (#1) type III (1-2-1). Conclusion: This study showed a high incidence of two-rooted maxillary first premolars collected from different regions in Kosovo. Internal root canal system morphology reflects the external root anatomy. Furthermore, there is correlation between the shape of the outer surface of the root and the shape of the root canal. The cases with one root of the maxillary first premolar with a deep depression on the mesial side contain a double root canal system more often than a single canal.

关键词： Maxilary First Premolar Root Anatomy Root Canal System

Experimental Analysis of Hydraulic Conductivity for Saturated Granular Soils

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Geomaterials 2023年第3期13卷 71-90页

作者： Ahlinhan Marx Ferdinand Djenou B. Dorothée Adjovi edmond Codjo Laboratory of Study and Test in Civil Engineering (L2EGC) National High School of Public Works (ENSTP) National University of Sciences Technologies Engineering and Mathematics (UNSTIM) Abomey Republic of Benin

Hydraulic conductivity is the ability of a porous media to transfer water through its pore matrix. That is a key parameter for the design and analysis of soil fluid associated structures and issues. This paper presents the test results of the vertical hydraulic conductivity kv carried out on one poorly graded sand and three gap graded gravely sand. It was found that the vertical hydraulic conductivity of saturated soil depends on the grain size distribution curve, on the initial relative density of the soil. Compilation of these current test results and other test results published, shows that the common approaches predict well to some extent the vertical hydraulic conductivity kv for the poorly graded sand materials and underestimate the kv values for gap graded gravely sand materials. Therefore, new approaches are developed for the prediction of the vertical hydraulic conductivity in saturated poorly graded sand and gap graded gravely sand. The derived results from the new approaches lie in the range of the recommended values by (EAU 2012) and (NAVFAC DM 7 1974).

关键词： Permeability Hydraulic Conductivity Tests Saturated Granular Soils Prediction Approaches

Ecology and Fish Biodiversity of Man-Made Lakes of Southern Benin (West Africa): Implications for Species Conservation and Fisheries Management

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2016年第6期7卷 874-894页

作者： Houehanou M. A. G. Gbaguidi Alphonse Adite edmond Sossoukpe Laboratoire d’Ecologie et de Management des Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (LEMEA) Département de Zoologie Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université d’Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Bénin Unité de Recherches sur les Zones Humides Département de Zoologie Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université d’Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Bénin

Man-made lakes are alternative and potential habitats for biodiversity conservation, fisheries and extensive aquaculture. We investigated the ecology and the fish community structure of two (2) sand-dragged man-made lakes, Lake Ahozon and Lake Bewacodji of Southern Benin, with implications for species conservation, fisheries management and aquaculture valorization. From August 2014 to July 2015, habitats conditions were evaluated and fishes were sampled monthly with seine, cast net, experimental gill net and hooks in the open water and aquatic vegetation habitats of both lakes. Overall, the water quality of Lake Ahozon was globally favorable for the growth and the survival of the fish resources whereas Lake Bewacodji exhibited a poor water quality indicated mainly by an acid pH (mean: 6.32 ± 0.58) and low dissolved oxygen concentrations (mean: 3.52 ± 1.25 mg/l) caused by dense floating plants, Nymphea sp mainly and huge daily dumping of domestic wastes. The study revealed low species richness, d = 5.89 and d = 3.87, and low species diversity, H’ = 0.76 and H’ = 0.48 for Lakes Ahozon and Bewacodji, respectively, with Lake Ahozon more diverse than Lake Bewacodji. The fish community of Lake Ahozon comprised six (6) species, 3 cichlids Sarotherodon galilaeus, Oreochromis niloticus and Tilapia guineensis, the silver catfish, Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus (Claroteidae), the African bonytongue, Heterotis niloticus (Osteoglossidae), and the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Clariidae). Numerically, S. galilaeus dominated Lake Ahozon and made 85.21% of the sample. In Lake Bewacodji, the fish composition comprised four (4) species, Sarotherodon galilaeus multifasciatus, the dominant species making numerically 91.58% of the total sample, T. guineensis, C. gariepinus and C. nigrodigitatus. With regard to trophic structure, the fish assemblages of both lakes were numerically dominated by planktinovores/ detritivores, mainly S. galilaeus, O. niloticus, T. guineensis and C. nigro

关键词： Conservation Diversity Domestic Wastes Fisheries Habitat Degradation Management Man-Made Lakes Sand-Dragging Sarotherodon galilaeus

Feeding Ecology and Establishment of the Naturally-Colonized Freshwater Cichlid, Sarotherodon galilaeus (Pisces: Actinopterigii: Perciformes) from a Man-Made Lake, South-Benin, West Africa

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Natural Resources 2016年第6期7卷 337-355页

The freshwater cichlid, Sarotherodon galilaeus (Linné, 1758) is an economically and commercially important fisheries species that has naturally colonized and dominated a sand-dragged man-made freshwater lake of Ahozon (South-Benin) where the species made about 85.21% of the fish community. We investigated the feeding ecology of S. galilaeus in order to evaluate resource exploitation and the establishment of this species in Lake Ahozon. During wet, flood and dry seasons, 1189 individuals of S. galilaeus have been monthly sampled in the open water and in the aquatic vegetation habitats. The study showed that S. galilaeus consumed about seventy (70) food items dominated by algae (52.88%) composed of 28 families and 52 genera from blue-green algae, green algae, desmids, and diatoms, sand particles (23.95%), detritus (12.27%) and protozoans (7.68%). Minor preys were rotifers, copepods, cladodera, crustacea and insect parts. Foods items with higher diet occurrence were sand particles with a percentage occurrence of 72.33%, detritus (69.47%), and some algae such as Scenedesmus (58.96%), Closterium (55.68%), and Microcystis (51.30%). Significant (P ≤ 0.05) ontogenetic variations of empty stomachs were recorded. S. galilaeus exhibited a wide diet breadth (DB) ranging between 5.55 and 7.29 that tended to increase with fish sizes. Diet overlaps (Øjk) varied from 0.77 to 0.97, indicating high diet similarities between different life stage categories. The slope b = 0.560 obtained from Log (body weight)-Log (gut length) linear regression, and the mean ratio of GL/SL = 6.72 ± 2.23 support our findings that S. galilaeus exhibited detritivorous, herbivorous and omnivorous food habits. The broad spectrum of food resources consumed/utilized and the high diet breadth recorded leading to allometric growth, the active breeding and the high propagation of the species, were some indicators of the successful establishment of S. galilaeus in the man-made lake of Ahozon. Sustainable fi

关键词： Algae Artificial Lake Diet Breadth Diet Similarities Ecomorphology Establishment Fisheries Foraging Grounds Tilapine Species

Ultrasound Imaging of Spinal Vertebrae to Study Scoliosis

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Open Journal of Acoustics 2012年第3期2卷 95-103页

作者： Wei Chen Lawrence H. Le edmond H.M. Lou Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging University of Alberta Edmonton Canada Department of Surgery University of Alberta Edmonton Canada Departmentof Biomedical Engineering University of Alberta Edmonton Canada

Scoliosis is a musculoskeletal disorder manifested as a three-dimensional spinal deformity. It affects 2% - 3% of the adolescent population. The conventional method to diagnose scoliosis is to measure the Cobb angle from posteroante-rior radiograph. Since radiation exposure is not desirable for patients, other non-ionizing methods have been explored. Among all the non-ionization methods, ultrasound (US) is a potential cost-effective method. However, our understand-ing of US interaction with the vertebrae or the spine is limited. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the ability of US to identify bony landmarks for measuring spinal deformity. This study used a phased array US system with a 5 MHz transducer and a position encoder. In-vitro experiment on a cadaver vertebra and a pilot clinical study were carried out. The in-vitro experimental results showed that the lamina and spinous process were strong reflectors from the single vertebra. Less than 4% of error occurred on the dimension measurements. The pilot study was performed on a healthy subject and a scoliotic patient. The results indicated the lamina and spinous process could be identified and the curvature of the spine could be estimated using the reflectors. The difference of the curvature angle of the spine measured from the radiograph and the US images was 2?. These results have illustrated that US is a promising tool to measure curvature of spinal deformity and study scoliosis.

关键词： Ultrasound Cobb Angle Phased Array Scoliosis Spinal Deformity Ultrasonic Imaging

Growth, Mortality Parameters and Exploitation Rate of West African Ilisha (<i>Ilisha africana</i>Bloch, 1795, Clupeidae) off Benin Coastal Waters (West Africa): Implications for Management and Conservation

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Open Journal of Marine Science 2017年第3期7卷 327-342页

作者： Sossoukpe edmond Azonningbo S. H. Wilfrid Fiogbe Emile Didier Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Zones Humides Département de Zoologie Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université d’Abomey-Calavi Abomey Calavi Benin

West African Ilisha was the third most abundant species of Clupeidae off Benin coastal waters after Sardinella spp and Ethmalosa frimbriata. The fishing effort of these fisheries increased with a dominance of small-sized specimens in the catches. This paper allowed updating some demographic parameters and the exploitation rate of Ilisha africana collected between July 2013 and June 2014 from the coastal waters of Benin for management and conservation of these fisheries. The growth pattern showed a negative allometric growth with an abundance of small-sized specimens. The von Bertalanffy growth function (VBGF) estimations were: L∞= 21.31 cm standard length;K = 1.20 year-1;and t0 = -0.138 year. The total mortality rate (Z), natural mortality rate (M) and fishing mortality rate (F) were 4.040 year-1, 2.27 year-1 and 1.77 year-1 respectively. The Z/K ratio was 3.667 and the exploitation rate (E = F/Z) was 0.44 showing an under exploitation of this species. The estimated potential longevity (tmax) was 2.5 years. In addition, the fisheries management should be devolved from the state to the local level to compel fishermen to take greater responsibility for the sustainability and conservation of the fisheries such as size-limit regulation by gradually increasing fishing gears mesh size.

关键词： Ilisha africana Growth Parameters Mortality Exploitation Rate Benin

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黑雨恶道启示录

汽车测试报告 2013年第4期 76-81页

作者： edmond LAU

没想过来到南欧葡萄牙Faro会遇到黑雨般的天气，这次还是试驾240kw中置的CaymanS，试车地点是我陌生而且极困难的一条赛道。原本，开着CaymanS使我疲累不已加精神紧张，但后来，我越来越喜欢，更希望不要停，因为从这车身上我得一点启示。

关键词：轿车车型品牌安全性能测试

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五秒快刀手 AUDI S3

汽车测试报告 2013年第6期 84-89页

作者： edmond Lau

跟奥迪的人聊天时，她问哪款奥迪是我印象最深刻的。我二话不说便指出是S3，是第一代S3，其次是R8；还有没试过的，但街坊传闻甚是厉害辛辣诡异的TT—RS。她似乎有点失望。R8是理所当然的，除此之外，我脱口而出的型号居然是一款她可能... 详细信息

跟奥迪的人聊天时，她问哪款奥迪是我印象最深刻的。我二话不说便指出是S3，是第一代S3，其次是R8；还有没试过的，但街坊传闻甚是厉害辛辣诡异的TT—RS。她似乎有点失望。R8是理所当然的，除此之外，我脱口而出的型号居然是一款她可能见也没见过、1999年推出的S3。她连忙问了为何。我说，我必须澄清一点，

关键词： S3 AUDI 第一代奥迪