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Mortality.of Nile Crocodile (<i>Crocody.us niloticus</i>) Eggs Caused by.the Flour Beetle (<i>Tribolium castaneum</i>)

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Open Journal of Veterinary.Medicine 2012年第1期2卷 9-12页

作者： kosta y. mumcuoglu Department of Microbiology.and Molecular Genetics The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases

It is estimated that quarter to half a million specimens of the Nile crocodile (Crocody.us niloticus Laurenti, 1768) live in liberty. Ranching crocodiles for their skins has been successfully.implemented in several African countries but also in Israel. Recently. in one of these ranches, an increased mortality.of crocodile eggs was observed and it was thought that insects were causing their death. Two crocodile eggs were kept together with 100 adults of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst, 1797), while the third egg was kept without beetles. No food for beetles was added to the boxes. The eggs were observed twice a month for any.kind of changes on their surface. After two months, at least 39 holes were observed in one egg and 146 on the second egg, which was exposed to beetles, while no holes could be seen in the control egg. Some of the holes were deep enough to see the inner lay.rs of the egg. There is enough evidence to believe that adults of T. castaneum are able to damage the eggs of the Nile crocodile and in some cases lead to their death;measures should be taken to protect the eggs from this and similar species of beetles.

关键词： Tribolium castaneum Crocody.us niloticus Mortality Israel

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Novel Semi-blind Channel Estimation Schemes for Ray.eigh Flat Fading MIMO Channels

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International Journal of Communications, Network and Sy.tem Sciences 2011年第9期4卷 578-584页

作者： Jay.in Bhalani Dharmendra Chauhan y. P. kosta A. I. Trivedi 不详

In this paper, we propose two novel semi-blind channel estimation techniques based on QR decomposition for Ray.eigh flat fading Multiple Input Multiple output (MIMO) channel using various pilot sy.bols. In the first technique, the flat-fading MIMO channel matrix H can be decomposed as an upper triangular matrix R and a unitary.rotation matrix Q as H = RQ. The matrix R is estimated blindly.from only.received data by.using orthogonal matrix triangularization based house holder QR decomposition, while the optimum rotation matrix Q is estimated exclusively.from pilot based Orthogonal Pilot Maximum Likelihood Estimator (OPML) algorithm. In the second technique, joint semi-blind channel and data estimation is performed using QR decomposition based Least Square (LS) algorithm. Simulations have taken under 4-PSK data modulation scheme for two transmitters and six receiver antennas using various training sy.bols. Finally. these two new techniques compare with Whitening Rotation (WR) based semi-blind channel estimation technique and results shows that those new techniques achieve very.nearby.performance with low complexity.compare to Whitening rotation based technique. Also first technique with perfect R outperforms Whitening Rotation based technique.

关键词： Multiple Input Multiple Output Orthogonal Pilot ML Estimator QR Decomposition Semi Blind Channel Estimation

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