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Epidemiological and Diagnostic Aspects of Childhood Proptosis in Lome (Togo) from 2010 to 2020

Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2023年第4期13卷 333-340页

作者： Nidain Maneh Mawuli Ayodele Komi Santos Koffi Sylvain Kawilitetou Dadjo Amouzou Kossi Dzidzinyo kokou Vonor Didier Koffi Ayena Patrice Komi Balo Ophthalmology Department of CHU-Campus University of Lome Lome Togo Ophthalmology Department of CHP-Aneho University of Lome Aneho Togo Ophthalmology Department of CHU Sylvanus Olympio University of Lome Lome Togo Ophthalmology Department CHR-Tomde University of Kara Kara Togo

Background: Although proptosis is rare, it is nevertheless the main sign of orbital disease. Its discovery usually indicates a serious eye disease especially in children. Objective: To determine epidemiological and diagnostic aspects of childhood proptosis in Lome (Togo). Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional study conducted from June 2010 to May 2020, which is 10 years, in the ophthalmology department of CHU-campus of Lome. Files of patients between the age of 0 and 15 who presented a proptosis during the study period were taken into account in the study. Patients with a false proptosis or incomplete records during the study period were not taken into account in the study. Results: The study considered 42 children with an age average of 7.63 years ± 4.96 [4 days;15 years] and a sex-ratio of 1.33. The frequency of proptosis was 0.5% with an average progression of 383.7 days before the first consultation. The proptosis was unilateral in 80.95% of cases. The orbito-cerebral CT scan was done in 47.62% of cases. The proptosis in these patients was predominantly of grade 3 in 45% of cases. The tumor pathologies were at the forefront in 35.71%, dominated by retinoblastoma, and followed by infectious and inflammatory diseases in 14.29%. Conclusion: Childhood proptosis is rare and often indicative of infectious and tumor pathologies in our context. Its diagnosis is delayed, which shows the importance of an early and effective diagnosis. .

关键词： Childhood Proptosis Tumors Infections Lome

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Kawasaki Disease in a Togolese Child

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2022年第2期12卷 293-296页

作者： Koffi Mawuse Guedenon Doguénsaga Borgatia Attah Djatougbe Ayaovi Elie Akolly Mawouto Fiawoo kokou Placide Agbo-Kpati Adama Dodji Gbadoe Department of Pediatrics CHU Sylvanus Olympio University of Lomé Lomé Togo Department of Cardiology CHR Sokodé University of Kara Kara Togo Department of Pediatrics GHEF Site de Marne La Vallée Jossigny France

Introduction: Kawasaki disease (KD) is a severe febrile vasculitis that affects children under 5 years of age. The severity of KD is related to coronary involvement. Few cases have been reported in sub-Saharan Africa. Objective: We present a clinical observation of a Togolese infant to illustrate the typical clinical picture that every pediatrician should know. Observation: The patient was a 20-month-old infant from Togo who presented with conjunctivitis, cheilitis, stomatitis, and pharyngitis in a febrile setting. There was a satellite sub-maxillary adenopathy. There was a persistent biological inflammatory syndrome with thrombocytosis and a doppler ultrasound confirmed the diagnosis of a coronary aneurysm. Treatment was based on corticosteroid therapy and acetylsalicylic acid with success. Conclusion: KD involves cardiac complications that require rigorous and sometimes long-term monitoring to prevent death.

关键词： Kawasaki Disease Lympho-Cutaneous-Mucosal Syndrome Vascularity Coronary Aneurysm

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Respiratory Distress in Neonates at the Teaching Hospitals of Lomé, Togo

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第3期14卷 657-668页

作者： Mawouto Fiawoo Manani Hemou Foli Agbéko Nouffou Faissale Galinaba Mensa Amblasso Manate Kamaga Koffi Edem Djadou Adama Dodji Gbadoe Nadiedjoa kokou Douti Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Health Sciences University of Lom&#233 Lom&#233 Togo

Introduction: Respiratory distress in neonates is a neonatal emergency that can lead to serious complications if not treated appropriately. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology, the diagnostic, and the outcomes of neonatal respiratory distress. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out in the pediatric wards of Lomé Teaching Hospitals (CHU Sylvanus Olympio and CHU Campus), including neonates treated for respiratory distress (dyspnea associated with the use of accessory muscles of respiration, noisy breathing and with or without cyanosis) from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2021. Data were entered using Epi Data 3.1 and SPSS software version 12.0. Results: The total number of neonates hospitalized for respiratory distress was 353, with a frequency of 12.5% and a sex ratio of 1.5. The mean age was 0.82 ± 3.20 days;the 0 - 6-day age group accounted for 92.4% of cases. Neonates had been resuscitated at birth in 46.7% of cases. Dyspnea was tachypnea in 94% of cases and bradypnea in 6%. Dyspnea was associated with cyanosis in 21.5% of cases. The severity of the respiratory distress was moderate in 64.9% of cases. Perinatal asphyxia (49.1%), inhalation pneumonitis (17.1%) and neonatal bacterial infection (14.1%) were the main etiologies. The mortality rate was 20.4%. Age greater than or equal to seven days, no neonatal resuscitation were protective factors against death. Prematurity, no antenatal consultations follow up, neonatal resuscitation, severe respiratory distress were risk factors of death. Conclusion: Neonatal respiratory distress was common in the early neonatal period and its mortality was high.

关键词： Respiratory Distress Neonates Silverman and Andersen Score Togo

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Skin and Soft Tissue Infections in the Surgical Area at the Kara Teaching Hospital

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Surgical Science 2024年第2期15卷 48-53页

作者： Tamegnon Dossouvi Tchaa Hodabalo Towoezim Efoé-Ga Olivier Amouzou kokou Kouliwa Kanassoua Irokoura Kassagne Ayi Amavi Abossisso Sakiye Komlan Adabra Ekoué David Dosseh Department of General Surgery Dapaong Regional Hospital Center Dapaong Togo Department of Orthopedic and Traumatology Kara Teaching Hospital Kara Togo Department of General Surgery Kara Regional Hospital Center Kara Togo Department of General Surgery Sylvanus Olympio University Hospital Lomé Togo

Objective: To report the management of skin and soft tissue infections in the surgical area of Kara University Hospital in Togo. Material and Methods: This study was conducted retrospectively from January 1, 2021, to December 31, 2022, in the general surgery and orthopedic trauma departments. The study focused on soft tissue infections of the pelvic and thoracic limbs and analyzed epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical, therapeutic, and evolutionary data. Results: We registered 165 patients, comprising 109 men and 56 *** sex ratio (F/H) were 0.51. The mean age was 45 years with extremes ranging from 23 to 90 years. Farmers (64.8%) followed by housewives (34.0%) were the social strata most affected. The consultation period varied between 1 and 90 days. The pathologies found were necrotizing fasciitis (53.3%), erysipelas (18.2%), infected limb wounds (12.1%), pyomyositis (9.7%), and necrotizing dermo-hypodermitis (1.8%). The main procedures performed were necrosectomy and grafting (62.9%), sample necrosectomy (18.8%), drainage (9.7%), and pelvic limb amputation (1.2%). Follow-up was favorable in 86.7% of cases. The study noted a death rate of 13.3% due to septic shock secondary to a delay in consultation. Conclusion: Skin and soft tissue infections were a common reason for surgical hospitalization at Kara University Hospital, with a high mortality rate due to delayed consultations.

关键词： Skin and Soft Tissue Infections Necrotizing Fasciitis Erysipelas Emergency

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Hospital Stakeholders’ Perception on Environmental Effects Related to Biomedical Waste in Togo’s University Hospitals (UHC) in 2021

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2023年第2期13卷 57-72页

作者： Takpaya Gnaro Awedeou Ali kokou Ayamekpe Cyriaque Degbey Farouk Salami-Odjo Abdoul-Rahim Ouro-Koura Panaveyi Malou Adom Ghislain Emmanuel Sopoh Didier Koumavi Ekouevi Public Health Training and Research Center University of Lomé Lomé Togo Basic Sanitation and Hygiene Office of Togo Lomé Togo Regional Public Health Institute Comlan Alfred Quenum (IRSP-CAQ) University of Abomey-Calavi Ouidah Benin Faculty of Health Sciences (FSS) University of Lomé Lomé Togo

Introduction: Given its effects, hospital waste is an environmental concern and a threat to health personnel, users of health services and neighboring populations. Our objective was to assess the perception of health care stakeholders on the environmental effects related to biomedical waste produced in Teaching Hospitals (CHU) in Togo in 2021. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study held from June 24 to August 28, 2021. It targeted three university hospitals, 340 health care providers and services selected by a probabilistic method with a simple random technique in 25 services, 72 directors, deputy directors, supervisors and heads of services, 27 collection and incineration agents selected by a non-probabilistic method with a reasoned choice technique, 44 patients and attendants and 36 householders of neighboring residents selected by a non-probabilistic method with an accidental choice technique. Variables such as the spreading of disease vectors, soil, air and water contamination, the presence of unpleasant odors and unsightly living conditions were assessed. Results: According to the respondents, biomedical waste causes the proliferation of vectors (55.3%), an unsightly environment inside the hospital (47.1%), and unpleasant odors (61.2%). Incineration operations disturb hospital residents (52.8%), according to the householders of the residents. During observation, we note deposits of waste that have not been destroyed and wastewater flowing in some places. Conclusion: Biomedical waste in Togo’s university hospitals generates environmental effects and therefore potentially high risks for human health. Improving their management should be a concern for all hospital actors.

关键词： Environmental Effects Biomedical Waste Teaching Hospitals Environment Togo

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Progression of Primary Open Angle Glaucoma on Optical Coherence Tomography of the Optic Nerve Head

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2022年第4期12卷 345-351页

作者： kokou Vonor Tchilabalo Tchodjoou Yaovi Tété Yawa Nagbé Roger Ahlonko Kuaovi-Koko Koffi Didier Ayéna Méba Banla Komi Patrice Balo Service d’Ophtalmologie CHR Kara Tomdè Tomdè Togo Département d’Ophtalmologie Faculté des Sciences de la Santé Université de Lomé Lomé Togo Cabinet AFIA Lomé Togo

Aims: To describe the progression of Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) on Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) of the optic nerve head and retinal nerve fiber layers (RNFL). Method: We conducted a descriptive retrospective study from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2019, a period of 5 years from the files of patients followed for POAG and having carried out at least two OCT examinations of the optic nerve head (ONH), one automated visual field and Intraocular pression (IOP). The variables studied were: age, sex, mean IOP, glaucoma stage, progression of ONH parameters, and progression of RNFL parameters. Results: During the period, 112 eyes of 56 patients were included. The mean age was 48.96 ± 16.57 [12 - 83] years with a sex-ratio of 1.33 (32 M/27 F). The mean IOP was 21 ± 4.54 [10 - 36] mm Hg. According to the mean deviation (MD) of the visual field, 98 eyes or 87.5% were stage 1 of POAG, 10 eyes or 8.9% at stage 2 and 4 eyes or 3.6% at stage 3. The mean time between the 1st and 2nd OCT examination was 28.91 ± 11.07 [6 - 56] months, corresponding to an average of 2.18 OCT per patient in 5 years of follow-up. There was an average increase of 6.2% of the Cup area and an increase in the vertical Cup/Disc ratio of 1.79% per year. The thinning average of neuro-retinal ring area was 1.64% per year. The RNFL thickness had decreased on average by 4.28 μ or 0.93% per year. The lower quadrant had the highest fiber loss with 1.08% per year followed by the upper quadrant with a loss of 1.05% per year. Conclusion: OCT of the ONH and RNFL proves to be an essential tool in the follow-up of POAG. A subsequent study taking into account the OCT of the macular ganglion complex will enable to study its contribution in the follow-up of glaucomatous patients in the same population.

关键词： POAG Progression OCT ONH-RNFL

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Anthropogenic Threats to Degraded Forest Land in the Savannahs’ Region of Togo from 1984 to 2020, West Africa

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2024年第1期12卷 164-179页

作者： Kossi Senyo Ehlui Wouyo Atakpama Henrik von Wehrden Alagie Bah Edinam Kola Christian Anthony-Krueger Hodabalo Egbelou kokouvi Bruno kokou Tchaa Boukpessi West Africa Science Service Center on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use (WASCAL) University of the Gambia Banjul Gambia Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Dynamique des Milieux et des Sociétés Université de Lomé Lomé Togo Laboratoire de Botanique et écologie Végétale Département Botanique Faculté des Sciences Université de Lomé Lomé Togo West Africa Plant Red List Authority (WAPRLA) IUCN Species Survival Commission Gland Switzerland Faculty of Sustainability Center of Methods Leuphana University of Lüneburg Lüneburg Germany Center for International Forestry Research and World Agroforestry (CIFOR-ICRAF) Nairobi Kenya Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Dynamique des Milieux et des Sociétés (LARDYMES) Department of Geography FSHS University of Lomé Lome Togo Department of Science Education University of Cape Coast Cape Coast Ghana Institut Togolais de Recherches Agronomiques (ITRA) Lomé Togo Laboratoire de Recherches Biogéographiques et d’Etudes Environnementales Department of Geography University of Lome Lome Togo

This study focuses on the landscape dynamics of the savannahs’ region in the far north of Togo. Based on a literature review and satellite images analysis using GIS and remote sensing, the study aims to ascertain the effects of anthropogenic threats on the forest coverage of the Savannahs’ Region between 1984 to 2020. The objective is to clarify the dynamics of land use in the region from 1984 to 2000 and from 2000 to 2020. The findings indicate a significant decline in forest coverage within the region from 1984 to 2020, a trend attributed to land use patterns. Dry forests in the Savannah region are largely converted to farmlands, housing, dry savannahs or agroforestry parks, leading to a steady reduction in forest areas.

关键词： Forest Degradation Land Use Land Cover Savannahs Region Togo

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Epidemiology of Child’s Ocular Globe Injury: A Retrospective Study at the University Teaching Hospital-Campus of Lomé(Togo)

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2017年第1期7卷 8-13页

作者： Nidain Maneh Abou-Bakr Sidik Domingo Kassoula Batomaguela Nonon Saa Vonor kokou Agba Aide Isabelle Ayena Koffi Didier Banla Meba Balo Komi Patrice Faculty of Health Sciences University of Lome Lomé Togo Department of Ophthalmology The University Teaching Hospital Campus of Lomé Lomé Togo

Aim: To study clinical and epidemiological characteristics of child’s ocular injuries. Patients and Method: Retrospective study on medical records of children suffering from traumatic injuries of the ocular globe presented to the Campus Teaching Hospital (CHU Campus) of Lomé from 3 January 2015 to 30 June 2016 (18 months). Age, sex, nature of the traumatising agent, consultation delay and the width of the injury (zone I, II or III), the classification of ocular trauma, according to “Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology (BETT) system”, connected lesions have been studied. Results: Twenty children about 46.51% children presented for ocular trauma have been suffering from a globe injury. The average age was 6.68 years with the extremes of 1 year and 12 years;the age bracket of 0 - 5 years was more represented (45%);predominance was more from the female with a sex-ratio = 0.67. Eighty percent of the children were from rural areas while twenty from urban areas. The delay of consultation was less than 24 hours in 40% of cases and 15% consulted between 24 h and 72 h after the trauma. Traumatisms were entirely unilateral and penetrating within a majority of 15 (75%) cases of which a “stick” is the traumatising agent of the most frequent (40%). The seat of the injury was the zone I (85.71%) and zone II (14.29%). Connected lesions were dominated by iris hernia 7 (35%) and traumatic cataract 6 (30%). Conclusion: children’s traumas were high predominantly and they came in majority from rural zones. Prevention through awareness remains the best treatment.

关键词： Child Injury Globe Ocular Lomé

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Knowledge of Togolese Doctors on Biological Effects of Ultrasound and Their Attitudes towards the Ultrasonographic Explorations Performed in Lome (Togo)

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Open Journal of Biophysics 2018年第1期8卷 1-8页

作者： kokou Adambounou El Hadji Amadou Lamine Bathily Amegninou Mawuko Yao Adigo Pihou Gbandé Kpalma Duga Bakpatina-Batako Lantam Sonhaye Théophile Lincoln Tapsoba Komlanvi Adjenou Laboratoire de Biophysique Médicale Université de Lome Lome Togo Service d’Imagerie Médicale CHU Campus Lome Togo Service de Médecine Nucléaire CHU YO Ouagadougou Burkina-Faso Service de Médecine Nucléaire HOGGY Dakar Senegal Service de Médecine Nucléaire CHU YO Ouagadougou Burkina-Faso

We evaluate the level of knowledge of clinician doctors asking for echographies on the biological effects of ultrasounds and their attitudes towards ultrasounds examinations performed in Lome. Transverse study based on a survey led from August 16th till November 30th, 2013 including 105 doctors applicant of ultrasound in Lome (Togo). The middle age of the applicant doctors was of 34 years with a sex-ratio of 4/1 and more than half practiced in public facilities. Approximately ten percent applicants thought that the ultrasound is an irradiant exam and those practicing for less than 5 years were the ones who had a good level of knowledge on the not irradiant character of the ultrasounds. The existence of the thermal and mechanical effects of the ultrasounds was known only by 4.8% of the applicants and only 1.9% of the doctors had information on the thermal index (TI) and the mechanical index (MI). More than half (66.7%) analyzed the ultrasound images joined to the report but none verified the conformity with the standards of the values of the TI and at MI shown on the images. They were 43.5% to read only the conclusion. The level of knowledge of the doctors on the biological effects of the ultrasounds is unsatisfactory. The ultrasounds although not irradiant, have biological effects imposing precautionary measures which have to guide the attitude of the applicants towards the ultrasonographic explorations.

关键词： Ultrasound Biological Effect Echography Precaution Measures Lome

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Determinants of the Ophthalmological Follow-Up of Sickle Cell Patients at the National Center of Research and Care for Sickle Cell Patients in Lome-Togo

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2023年第4期13卷 341-351页

作者： Nidain Maneh Yawa Edebah Nagbe Mawuli Ayodele Komi Santos Dadjo Amouzou Hezouwe Magnang Koffi Sylvain Kawilitetou kokou Messan Amedome Komi Patrice Balo Service d’Ophtalmologie du CHU-Campus Université de Lome Lomé Togo Service d’Ophtalmologie du CHU Sylvanus Olympio Université de Lome Lomé Togo Service d’Ophtalmologie CHP Université de Lomé FSS Aného Togo Département des sciences fondamentales CNRSD Lomé Togo Service d’ophtalmologie du CHU Université de Kara FSS Kara Togo

Objectives: To assess the factors influencing the ophthalmological follow-up of sickle cell patients in Togo. Materials and Methods: The national center of research and care for sickle cell patients (CNRSD) served as study setting. It was a descriptive and analytical study by interview over a three-month period from December 01, 2020 to March 02, 2021. Was included in the study, any patient with sickle cell disease genotype SS or SC, age ≥ 17 years, regularly followed at the CNRSD and having accepted the interview by a survey sheet. Excluded were patients with sickle cell trait genotype AS or AC or with a disability that prevented them from being interviewed. Results: Two hundred and fifty (250) patients with sickle cell disease were interviewed. The mean age was 29.1 years ± 11.12 years [17 years;67 years] and the sex ratio = 0.52. Nine patients over ten (9/10) attended at least secondary school. The jobless represented 25.60% of the total population followed respectively by students and laborers in 20.40% and 16% of cases. Twenty-four percent (24%) of patients were followed up in ophthalmology department. Statistically, there was no significant relationship between level of education (p = 0.4083), occupation (p = 0.6441) and knowledge of the ocular complications of sickle cell disease. Statistically, there was a significant relationship between knowledge of the ocular complications of sickle cell disease and compliance with ophthalmological follow-up (p = 0.0009). Conclusion: The knowledge of eye disorders related to sickle cell disease by patients with sickle cell disease improves their ophthalmological follow-up. Greater awareness on eye disorders related to sickle cell disease by medical staff towards patients with sickle cell disease would improve ophthalmological follow-up. .

关键词： Ophthalmological Follow-Up Sickle Cell Patient Ocular Complications Lome

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