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Numerical Simulation and Experimental Characterization of Clay Paste under Loads for Energy Saving in Clay Materials Processing

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2016年第2期4卷 154-163页

作者： Brahiman Traore kokou Esso Atcholi Ouro-Djobo Samah Samuel Gomes Tibi Beda Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté IRTES EA7274 Belfort France Laboratoire de Géomateriaux Université Félix Houphouet Boigny Cocody-Abidjan Abidjan Cote d’Ivoire Unité de Recherche sur les Agroressources et la Santé Environnementale (URASE) Université de Lomé Lomé Togo Département de Physique Faculté des Sciences Université de Ngaoundéré Ngaoundéré Cameroun

Requirements for the respect of the environment encourage to reduce the impact of human activity on the nature. Civil engineering answers these requirements by the development of ecological construction materials. This paper deals with the transformation of clay raw materials which enable the processing of environmentally friendly construction materials: in addition to their biodegradability, the alveolar fired clay materials allow energy saving in home heating thanks to their thermal isolation properties. But their manufacturing is a high energy consumption process, in particular during compaction, drying and firing which contribute to the emission of greenhouse gases. The goal of this paper is to study the rheology of clay pastes in order to develop low energy in manufacturing processes. For this purpose, theoretical and experimental approaches were carried out on six clay varieties. In the theoretical approach, a finite element (FE) simulation model has been developed for pressing a non-rigid material predicting deformations and stresses occurring within the clay structure. Experiments have then been carried out to validate the finite element modelling. In this experimental approach, the clay pastes were transformed with water content respecting the Atterberg limits which determine the plasticity of clays. The samples compaction has been carried out under variable loadings in order to determine the suitable low energy consumption loading.

关键词： Simulation Model Environmentally Friendly Construction Materials Rheological Behaviour Clay Materials Energy Saving

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Ocular Surgical Pathologies in Children Aged 0 to 15 Years in the Bartimée Ophthalmological Clinic in Conakry, Guinea

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Open Journal of Pathology 2022年第4期12卷 120-129页

作者： Maxime Dantouma Sovogui Christophe Zoumanigui M’mah Aminata Bangoura Mössö Sevogui kokou Vonor Faculty of Health Sciences and Techniques University of Conakry Conakry Guinea Bartimée Ophthalmological Clinic Conakry Guinea Pediatrics Department of the Donka National Hospital Conakry Guinea KARA Regional Hospital Center in Togo Kara Togo

Context: Childhood eye health is a real public health problem in our context, the consequences of which go beyond vision, affecting education, social participation and future economic productivity. The aim was to study the frequency of ocular surgical pathologies in children aged 0 to 15 years. Patients and Methodius: This study covered a 4 years period from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2020. It was a retrospective study of a descriptive and analytical nature. It concerned all children aged 0 to 15 who had undergone surgery for ocular pathology during the study period and who were included in the operating room register. Results: Out of 4974 patients of all ages operated for ocular surgical pathology, 124 were children aged 0 to 15 years or 2.49%. The 9 - 12 age group was the most represented with 29.03%;the mean age was 7.3 years ± 4.6 with extremes of 3 months and 15 years. A male predominance was observed at 62.90%. Pathologies of the lens, cataract and eyelids, traumatic edema represented the most frequent eye conditions in our patients with respectively 51 cases or 41.13% in the right eye (OD), 54 cases or 53.55% in the left eye (OG) and 14 cases or 11.29% in OD and OG followed by endemic limboconjunctivitis of the tropics (LCET), 10 cases or 3.23%, in OD and hemorrhage under conjunctival 13 cases or 10.48% in OG. Cataract surgery with the Technique Manuel Small Incision Cataract Surgery + Implantation in the posterior chamber (MSICS + ICP) was the most used in 74% of cases. General anesthesia was the most widely used anesthetic method in 100% of cases. The clinical course was favorable at 45.97%. Conclusion: We note a relatively low hospital frequency of ocular surgical pathologies in children, with a male predominance. The early consultation period and the improvement of the technical platform could improve their management.

关键词： Surgeries Conakry Children Guinea Eyepieces

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Medical Ultrasound Practice in Developing Countries: Example of Togo

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Open Journal of Radiology 2018年第4期8卷 217-222页

作者： Pihou Gbande kokou Adambounou Lantam Sonhaye Lama Kegdigoma Agoda-Koussema Komlavi Adjenou Radiology Department Campus Teaching Hospital Lomé Togo Radiology Department Sylvanus Olympio Teaching Hospital Lomé Togo

Background: Ultrasound has become the most widely practiced medical imaging examination even in developing countries because of its non-irradiating, non-invasive nature and its relatively affordable cost. Objective: The objective of this study was to review the practice of medical ultrasound in Lomé city. We carried out a descriptive cross-sectional study using the pre-established fact sheets. It took place from 16 August to 30 November 2013 in the healthcare facilities of the city of Lomé. Results: A total of 47 centers were surveyed, including 14 public centers and 33 private centers. The ultrasound scanners were mostly acquired in the new state (59.6%) with only 34.1% of these ultrasound scanners equipped with the Doppler mode. There were 3 ultrasound scanners (6.4%) that had a 3D probe. Radiologists were the ones who carried out most of the ultrasound examinations in public centers, while in private they accounted for half of the performers (45.5%). Physicians enrolled in a specialty in radiology played a significant role in these private structures, accounting for 24.2% of performers. Cardiac ultrasound was performed only in 2 centers (4.2%). The ultrasound report was available in all public centers using the pre-established and standardized forms. The qualification of sonographers and the status of ultrasound scanners are relatively acceptable. Conclusion: Ultrasound scanners were mostly acquired in new condition. Radiologists remained the ones who carried out the largest number of ultrasound examination in Lomé.

关键词： Ultrasound Practice Sonographer Radiologist Togo

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Macular Thickness by Optical Coherence Tomography in Normal Togolese Melanoderma Subjects: A Case Study of 338 Eyes

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2022年第1期12卷 44-50页

作者： Kossi Dzidzinyo Akoete Djagnikpo Koffi Didier Ayena kokou Vonor Mawouli Ayodele Santos Kassoula Batomaguela Nonon-Saa kokou Messan Amedome Adam Nouhou-Diori Nidain Maneh Komi Balo Department of Ophthalmology Sylvanus Olympio University Hospital Lomé Togo Sight & Vision Ophthalmology Clinic Lomé Togo Department of Ophthalmology Secondary Hospital of Bè Lomé Togo Department of Ophthalmology Kara University Hospital Kara Togo Department of Ophthalmology Regional Hospital Center of Aneho Aneho Togo Department of Ophthalmology Campus University Hospital University of Lomé Lomé Togo

Objective: Maculopathies are more and more frequent. For the follow-up of its evolution and therapy, it seems important for us to determine the baseline in normal subjects by Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). The goal here is to determine the acceptable range of macular thickness in normal black subjects in Lomé. Methodology: This is a retrospective study over a 6-month period. It did not include all patients with retinopathy of any cause, maculopathy, and glaucoma. The analyzed variables were the average macular thickness, the central macular thickness, and the total macular volume. Results: Out of the 433 macular OCT performed, 191 patients were selected;a total of 338 eyes. These included 96 men and 95 women. A sex ratio was 1.01. The median age was 44.1 years with extremes ranging from 10 to 70 years. The average macular thickness was 263.4 μm for the right eye and 263.7 μm for the left eye. The central macular thickness was 174.1 μm for the right eye and 173.3 μm for the left eye. The total macular volume was 7.4 in both eyes. Discussion: No significant statistical difference existed between the two sexes. The average macular thickness found in this study was within the range of normality observed in the literature, which is between 216 and 288 μm. Conclusion: The average macular thickness of the normal subject in Lomé was 263.4 μm.

关键词： Macular Thickness OCT Normal Subject

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Optical Coherence Tomography’s Contribution to the Diagnosis of the Pathologies of the Vitreoretinal Interface in Lomé

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2018年第3期8卷 180-189页

作者： Kossi Dzidzinyo Hubert Yamdeu Koffi Didier Ayena kokou Vonor Nidain Maneh kokou Messan Amedome Kassoula Batomaguela Nonon Saa Koko Roger Kuaovi Yawa Nagbe Meba Banla Komi Balo Faculty of Health Sciences University of Lome Lomé Togo Eye Department of Teaching Hospital Sylvanus Olympio of Lomé Lomé Togo Eye Institute Afia of Lomé Lomé Togo

Purpose: To identify the pathologies of the vitreoretinal interface by Optical Coherence Tomography OCT of the retina in Lomé. Methodology: This is a retrospective analytical study, carried out in a specialized liberal center in Lomé. It was based on the analysis of OCT images of the retina, carried out with patients between October 2012 and October 2014. The variables collected were the socio-demographic characteristics, which were the various pathologies of the vitreoretinal interface. Results: 303 eyes of 164 patients were analyzed. The population was predominantly female (sex ratio = 0.95) aged 9 to 84 years with an average of 52.93 years. 121 eyes (39.9%) had posterior vitreous detachment with 66.1% in the 50 - 70 age group. 42 eyes (13.86%) presented vitreomacular traction with 66.6% in the 50 - 70 age group. 31 eyes (10.23%) presented an epi-retinal membrane with 61.2% in the 50 - 70 age group. 33 eyes (10.89%) had a full-thickness macular hole with 69.6% in the 50 - 70 age group. 4 eyes had a lamellar hole and 1 eye had a pseudo hole. Conclusion: OCT is an excellent tool for non-invasive exploration of the vitreoretinal interface. It gives precise information on the various pathologies of this interface. The need to evaluate the functional impact of these abnormalities, calls for other studies, especially prospective studies to assert their reality of those disease.

关键词： Posterior Vitreous Detachment Vitreous Macular Traction Retinal Membrane Macular Hole

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Ten Years of Epidemiological and Diagnostic Aspects of Non-Traumatic Anterior Uveitis at Campus Teaching Hospital of Lome-Togo

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2023年第3期13卷 280-287页

作者： Nidain Maneh Adakou Aimée Victoire Abaglo Bénédicte Marèbe Diatewa Kanfiaguin Boundja Yawa Ebeva Nagbe Mawuli Ayodele Komi Santos kokou Vonor kokou Messan Amedome Didier Koffi Ayena Ophthalmology Department University of Lome Lome Togo Ophthalmology Department Teaching Hospital (CHU) Campus Lome Togo Ophthalmology Department University of Kara Kara Togo

Background: Uveitis is a serious disease which dangerous complications can jeopardize the visual prognosis. Anterior uveitis (AU) is the inflammation of the anterior uvea which is composed of the iris and the ciliary body. The objective of the study was to identify the epidemiological and etiological determinants of non-traumatic anterior uveitis at the Campus Teaching Hospital of Lomé. Materials and methods: Retrospective cross-sectional study of the records of patients diagnosed with anterior uveitis (AU) without a notion of trauma in the ophthalmology department of CHU Campus of Lomé from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2019 (10 years). Results: 141 cases of uveitis, representing a prevalence of 0.18%. Female predominance, with a sex ratio of 0.76. Mean age was 34.74 ± 13.20 years. Decreased visual acuity was the primary complaint (34.40%), followed by ocular pain (28%). Non-traumatic anterior uveitis was unilateral in 87.2% of cases. Retro-corneal precipitates were present in all patients. 61.60% of patients had Tyndall in the anterior chamber. The etiology of non-traumatic AU was undetermined in 76.80% of cases. Toxoplasmosis, tuberculosis and syphilis were the main etiologies found. Conclusion: Non-traumatic anterior uveitis is relatively rare but serious, often affecting young subjects. It is a pathology that engages eye health professionals, not only because of the difficulties involved in diagnosing the etiology, but also because of its progression which sometimes leads to blindness.

关键词： Anterior Uveitis Non-Traumatic Epidemiology Etiology Lome

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Towards Post-Quantum Cryptography Using Thermal Noise Theory and True Random Numbers Generation

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Journal of Information Security 2020年第3期11卷 149-160页

作者： Protais Ndagijimana Fulgence Nahayo Marc kokou Assogba Adoté François-Xavier Ametepe Juma Shabani Doctoral School and Faculty of Science University of Burundi Bujumbura Burundi LURMISTA-ISTA University of Burundi Bujumbura Burundi Laboratoire d’Electrotechnique de Télécommunications et d’Informatique Appliquée LETIA Ecole Polytechnique d’Abomey-Calavi EPAC Université d’Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Bénin Institut de Mathématiques et de Sciences physiques IMSP Université d’Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Bénin

The advent of quantum computers and algorithms challenges the semantic security of symmetric and asymmetric cryptosystems. Thus, the implementation of new cryptographic primitives is essential. They must follow the breakthroughs and properties of quantum calculators which make vulnerable existing cryptosystems. In this paper, we propose a random number generation model based on evaluation of the thermal noise power of the volume elements of an electronic system with a volume of 58.83 cm3. We prove through the sampling of the temperature of each volume element that it is difficult for an attacker to carry out an exploit. In 12 seconds, we generate for 7 volume elements, a stream of randomly generated keys of 187 digits that will be transmitted from source to destination through the properties of quantum cryptography.

关键词： Thermal Noise True Random Numbers Algorithm Post-Quantum Cryptography

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Flora, Structure and Carbon Sequestration of Vegetation in the Southeast of the Mono Biosphere Reserve in Togo Amidst Environmental Challenges

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Open Journal of Forestry 2024年第2期14卷 155-181页

作者： Gbétey kokouvi Akpamou Kossi Adjossou Hodabalo Egbelou Komlanvi Katche Akoete Kossi Hounkpati Kouami kokou Faculty of Science-Forest Research Laboratory (FRL) University of Lome Lome Togo Ministry of the Environment and Forest Resources Lom&#233 Togo National Agricultural Training Institute (INFA) of Tove Kpalime Togo

In most Sub-Saharan African countries such as Togo, people’s heavy dependence on ecosystem services is a major factor in accelerating the degradation of natural resources, which are already suffering as a result of climatic factors. This study was initiated to contribute to the sustainable and rational management of forest resources in the south-east of the Mono Biosphere Reserve in Togo. It specifically aims to identify and characterize the flora of the residual forest ecosystems within the reserve through their specific diversity, demographic structure, and carbon sequestration potential. The study was carried out in the forest ecosystems of Avévé. The methodology used was based on the analysis of phytosociological, forestry, ecological, and regeneration inventory data. Overall, the study revealed that the RBMT still has floristically viable habitats, despite the anthropogenic pressures it is subject to revealed a floristic diversity of 160 plant species divided into 52 families and 135 genera. The most represented families are Rubiaceae (29.09%), followed by Fabaceae (27.94%). The most represented species are Mitragyna inermis (Willd.) Kuntze (24.38%), Lecaniodiscus cupanioides Planch. Ex Benth (X) and Lonchocarpus sericeus (Poir.) Kunth (10.93%). The high presence of Mitragyna inermis observed in all the ecological groups identified makes it the characteristic species of the flooded marshy areas of southeast Togo and contributes to the resilience of the ecosystems and populations in the study area. The Shannon index for the formation groups varies between (3.03 and 5.16) bits. Pielou’s equitability varies between (0.43 and 0.63) bits. The overall average density is estimated at 210 stems/ha, with an average diameter of 25.57 ± 21.77 m and an average height of 7.93 ± 3.83 m. The adjustment of the diameter classes of the plant groups to the Weibull distribution gave an “inverted J” shape with coefficient values of less than 1 overall, reflecting the existence of m

关键词： Biodiversity Demographic Structure Carbon Biosphere Reserve Forest Patches Togo

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Coastline Change Modelling Induced by Climate Change Using Geospatial Techniques in Togo (West Africa)

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Advances in Remote Sensing 2020年第2期9卷 85-100页

作者： Yawo Konko Appollonia Okhimambe Pouwèréou Nimon Jerry Asaana Jean Paul Rudant Kouami kokou National Environmental Observatory National Agency of Environment Management Lome Togo West African Science Service Centre on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use Federal University of Technology Minna Nigeria National Meteorological Service Lome Togo Department of Civil Engineering Bolgatanga Technical University Bolgatanga Ghana LASTIG Gustave Eiffel University ENSG IGN Champs-sur-Marne France Laboratory of Forest Research Faculty of Sciences University of Lome Lome Togo

Climate change is a major concern of humanity. One of the consequences of climate change is global warming causing melting glaciers, rising sea levels and shoreline regression. In Togo, the regression of shoreline leads to coastal erosion with significant damage on socio-economic infrastructures and human habitats. This research, basing on geospatial techniques, focuses on coastal erosion monitoring from 1988 to 2018 in Togo. It is interested in the extraction of shoreline and in the analysis of change. Various satellite images indexes have been developed for shoreline extraction but the major scientific problem concerns the precision of the different classification algorithms methods used for the extraction of the shoreline from these water index. This study used NDWI index from multisource satellite images. It assesses the performance of Otsu threshold segmentation, Iso Cluster Unsupervised Classification and Support Vector Machine (SVM) Supervised Classification methods for the extraction of the shoreline on NDWI index. The topographic morphology such as linear and non-linear coastal surfaces have been considered. The estimation of the rates of change of the shoreline was performed using the statistical linear regression method (LRR). The results revealed that the SVM Supervised Classification method showed good performance on linear and non-linear coastal surface than the other methods. For the kine

关键词： Coastal Erosion Landsat Images NDWI Remote Sensing Sentinel Images Shoreline SVM

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Profile of Peanut Sensitization in Children Attending a Pneumo-Allergology Consultation at the Teaching Hospital Campus of Lomé, Togo

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第5期14卷 889-897页

作者： Mawouto Fiawoo Manani Hemou Foli Agbéko Salimtoa Moussoma Mazama Pakoudjare Nadiedja kokou Douti Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Health Sciences University of Lom Lom Togo

Introduction: Food allergies are on the constant increase worldwide. Among them is peanut allergy, which also affects children. The aim of this study was to determine the profile of peanut sensitization in children attending a pneumo-allergology consultation. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, which ran from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2022, on children sensitized to peanuts seen in pneumo-allergology consultations at the Teaching Hospital Campus of Lomé. Results: The sample included 137 children aged 3 months to 18 years. The frequency of peanut sensitization was 25.3%. The mean age of patients was 6.3 ± 4.3 years (minimum 6 months and maximum 18 years). The 6 months to 5 years age group was the most represented (43.1%). The sex ratio was 1.3. The main reasons for consultation were rhinorrhea (67.9%), sneezing (36.5%) and cough (35.8%). Allergic rhinitis was identified as a personal history in 75.2% of patients. Peanut allergy was manifested as rhinorrhea (62.5%), asthma (26.8%) and eczema (8.9%). The risk of onset of symptoms within 15 - 30 minutes was 1.87 times (p = 0.001, CI = [1.2 - 2.1]) for peanuts consumed in roasted form with shell. Severe clinical signs such as Quincke’s Edema and anaphylactic shock were found in 1.4% of cases. Conclusion: Peanut allergy was common in children. Severe clinical signs were rare.

关键词： Peanut Sensitization Allergy Child Togo

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