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Mechanism of T cell hyporesponsiveness to HBcAg is associated with regulatory T cells in chronic hepatitis B

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第27期12卷 4310-4317页

作者： Yasuteru Kondo Koju kobayashi Yoshiyuki Ueno Masaaki Shiina Hirofumi Niitsuma Noriatsu Kanno Tomoo kobayashi Tooru Shimosegawa Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine 1-1 Seiryo-machiAoba-kuSendai 980-8574Japan Tohoku University School of Health Sciences 2-1 Seiryo-machiAoba-kuSendai 980-8575Japan Department of Gastroenterology Sendai Medical Center2-8-8 MiyaginoMiyagino-kuSendai 983-0045Japan Department of Internal Medicine Furukawa City HospitalSenjujimae-machiFurukawa 919-6183Japan

AIM： To study the mechanisms of hyporesponsiveness of HBV-specific CD4^＋ T cells by testing TH1 and TH2 commitment and regulatory T cells. METHODS： Nine patients with chronic hepatitis B were enrolled. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with HBcAg or HBsAg to evaluate their potential to commit to TH1 and TH2 differentiation. HBcAg-specific activity of regulatory T cells was evaluated by staining with antibodies to CD4, CD25, CTLA-4 and interleukin-10. The role of regulatory T cells was further assessed by treatment with anti-interleukin-10 antibody and depletion of CD4^＋CD25^＋ cells. RESULTS： Level of mRNAs for T-bet, IL-12R β2 and IL-4 was significantly lower in the patients than in healthy subjects with HBcAg stimulation. Although populations of CD4^＋CD25^highCTLA-4^＋ T cells were not different between the patients and healthy subjects, IL-10 secreting cells were found in CD4^＋ cells and CD4^＋CD25^＋ cells in the patients in response to HBcAg, and they were not found in cells which were stimulated with HBsAg. Addition of anti-IL-10 antibody recovered the amount of HBcAgspecific TH1 antibody compared with control antibody （P 〈 0.01, 0.34% ± 0.12% vs 0.15% ± 0.04%）. Deletion of CD4^＋CD25^＋ T cells increased the amount of HBcAgspecific TH1 antibody when compared with lymphoo/tes reconstituted using regulatory T cells （P 〈 0.01, 0.03% ± 0.02% vs 0.18% ± 0.05%）.CONCLUSION： The results indicate that the mechanism of T cell hyporesponsiveness to HBcAg includes activation of HBcAg-induced regulatory T cells in contrast to an increase in TH2-committed cells in response to HBsAg.

关键词： Hepatitis B virus Regulatory T cells IL-10 FOXP3 TH1

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Control of gonadal maturation and sex in grouper

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2022年第5期7卷 519-524页

作者： Yasuhisa kobayashi Laboratory for Aquatic Biology Department of FisheriesFaculty of AgricultureKindai UniversityNakamachi 3327-204Nara631-0052Japan

Protogynous groupers,belonging to the subfamily Epinephelinae,are among the most crucial fishery targets in the Asian ***,several grouper species are cultured,providing seed for the aquaculture ***,cultivation grouper larvae are ***,the improvement of aquaculture technology of grouper production is *** managing the reproduction and sex of the target parent fish is vital to enhance the efficiency of *** paper reviews new technologies for induction of gonadal maturation and control of sex in *** dynamics of androgen-producing cells,which are essential for a sex change,are also discussed.

关键词： Grouper Sex change Protogynous Gonadal maturation Androgen Estrogen

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Understanding the biology of urothelial cancer metastasis

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Asian Journal of Urology 2016年第4期3卷 211-222页

作者： Takashi kobayashi Department of Urology Kyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan

Management of unresectable urothelial cancer(UC)has been a clinical challenge for *** drug resistance is a key issue,precise understanding of biology of UC metastasis is another challenge for the improvement of treatment outcome of UC *** of the cell biology concepts including epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)and cancer stemness seems to explain UC *** genetics based on gene expression profiling,next generation sequencing,and explosion of non-coding RNA world has opened the door to intrinsic molecular subtyping of *** steps include,based on the recently accumulated understanding,the establishment of novel disease models representing UC metastasis in various experimental platforms,particularly in vivo animal ***,novel knowledge molecular genetics has not been fully linked to the modeling of UC *** understanding of bladder carcinogenesis is needed particularly with regard to cell of origin related to tumor characteristics including driver gene alterations,pathological differentiations,and metastatic *** we will be able to establish better disease models,which will consequently lead us to further understanding of biology and eventually the development of novel therapeutic strategies for UC metastasis.

关键词： Urothelial carcinoma Metastasis Epithelialmesenchymal transition Animal models

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Fluorescence detection of Europiumdoped very small superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in murine hippocampal slice cultures

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第4期13卷 637-638页

作者： Martin Pohland Yuske kobayashi Jana Glumm Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology Center for Anatomy Charite -Universitaitsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany Department of Interventional and Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Universitatsklinikum Hamburg-EppendorfHamburg Germany Department of neurosurgery HELIOS Klinikum Berlin BuchBerlin Germany

In the late 1980s,superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles（SPIO）moved into focus as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging（MRI）,due to their strong relaxivity and resulting higher resolution of *** the time,no one anticipated their high potential in basic research or for medical diagnostic andtreatment. Since then, SPIO have been evaluated notonly as spe- cific markers for MRI, but also for cell labeling and tracking （Li et al., 2013）.

关键词： Eu Fluorescence detection of Europiumdoped very small superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in murine hippocampal slice cultures

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Efficient high harmonics generation by enhancement cavity driven with a post-compressed FCPA laser at 10 MHz

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2018年第2期6卷 45-50页

作者： Zhigang Zhao Akira Ozawa Makoto Kuwata-Gonokami Yohei kobayashi The Institute for Solid State Physics The University of Tokyo Department of Physics Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo

Efficient high harmonics generation(HHG) was demonstrated at 10 MHz repetition rate with an external femtosecond enhancement cavity, seeded by a ～70 fs post-compressed 10 MHz fiber chirped pulse amplifier(FCPA) laser. Operation lasting over 30 min with 0.1 m W outcoupled power at 149 nm was demonstrated. It was found that shorter pulse was beneficial for alleviating the nonlinear plasma effect and improving the efficiency of HHG. Low finesse cavity can relax the plasma nonlinearity clamped intra-cavity power and improve the cavity-locking stability. The pulse duration is expected to be below 100 fs for both 1040 nm and 149 nm outputs, making it ideal for applications such as time-resolved photoemission spectroscopy.

关键词： enhancement cavity high harmonics generation ultrafast fiber lasers

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Extraction of yarn positional information from three-dimensional CT image of textile fabric using a yarn model for its structure analysis

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仪器仪表学报 2008年第8期29卷 1569-1576页

作者： Toshihiro Shinohara Jun-ya Takayama Shinji Ohyama Akira kobayashi School of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology Kinki University Kinokawa-shi Wakayama-kenJapan Graduate School of Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology1-12-1 Meguro-kuTokyoJapan Faculty of University Evaluation and Research National Institution for Academic Degrees and UniversityEvaluation Kodaira-shi TokyoJapan

This paper proposes a novel method for analyzing a textile fabric structure to extract positional information regarding each yarn using three-dimensional X-ray computed tomography(3D CT) *** relationship among the yarns can be reconstructed using the extracted yarn positional *** this paper,a sequence of points on the center line of each yarn of the sample is defined as the yarn positional information,since the sequence can be regarded as the representative position of the *** sequence is extracted by tracing the *** yarn is traced by estimating the yarn center and direction and correlating the yarn part of the 3D CT image with a 3D yarn model,which is moved along the estimated yarn *** trajectory of the center of the yarn model corresponds to the positional information of the *** application of the proposed method is shown by experimentally applying the proposed method to a 3D CT image of a double-layered woven ***,the experimental results for a plain knitted fabric show that this method can be applied to even knitted fabrics.

关键词：纺织品 CT影像分析方法物理结构

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Cowpea NAC1/NAC2 transcription factors improve growth and tolerance to drought and heat in transgenic cowpea through combined activation of photosynthetic and antioxidant mechanisms

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2023年第1期65卷 25-44页

作者： Richa Srivastava Yuriko kobayashi Hiroyuki Koyama Lingaraj Sahoo Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati Assam 781039 India Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences Gifu University 1-1 YanagidoGifu 501-1193Japan

NAC(NAM/ATAF1/2/CUC2)transcription factors are central switches of growth and stress responses in ***,unpredictable interspecies conservation of function and regulatory targets makes the well-studied NAC orthologs inapt for pulse *** knowledge of suitable NAC candidates in hardy pulses like cowpea(Vigna unguiculata(L.)Walp.)is still in infancy,hence warrants immediate biotechnological ***,we showed that overexpression of two native NAC genes(VuNAC1and VuNAC2)promoted germinative,vegetative,and reproductive growth and conferred multiple abiotic stress tolerance in a commercial cowpea *** transgenic lines displayed increased leaf area,thicker stem,nodule-rich denser root system,early flowering,higher pod production(~3.2-fold and~2.1-fold),and greater seed weight(10.3%and 6.0%).In contrast,transient suppression of VuNAC1/2 caused severe growth retardation and flower *** overexpressor lines showed remarkable tolerance to major yielddeclining terminal stresses,such as drought,salinity,heat,and cold,and recovered growth and seed production by boosting photosynthetic activity,water use efficiency,membrane integrity,Na^(+)/K^(+)homeostasis,and antioxidant *** comparative transcriptome study indicated consolidated activation of genes involved in chloroplast development,photosynthetic complexes,cell division and expansion,cell wall biogenesis,nutrient uptake and metabolism,stress response,abscisic acid,and auxin *** their orthologs,VuNAC1/2 direct synergistic transcriptional tuning of stress and developmental signaling to avoid unwanted *** overexpression governs the favorable interplay of photosynthesis and reactive oxygen species regulation to improve stress recovery,nutritional sufficiency,biomass,and *** unconventional balance of strong stress tolerance and agronomic quality is useful for translational crop research and molecular breeding of pulses.

关键词： cowpea enhanced photosynthetic activity improved growth improved yield legume genetic engineering multiple stress tolerance NAC transcription factor VuNAC

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Development of a smart city planning support tool using the cooperative method

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2015年第4期4卷 277-284页

作者： Takeshi kobayashi Shinji Ikaruga Graduate School of Science and Engineering Yamaguchi University Yamaguchi-shi 753-8511 Japan

A reduction of environmental burdens is currently required. In particular, proposing a new approach for the construction of a smart city using renewable energy is important. The technological development of a smart city is founded building equipment and infrastructure. However, planning methods and their techniques using the collaboration approach with residents are only just developing. This study aimed to develop a support tool for the construction of a smart city using renewable energy while facilitating consensus-building efforts among residents using the method for a cooperative housing development. We organized the supporting methods for the construction of residential area using the cooperative method. Then, we developed supporting toots that interface the computer with these methods. We examined the support techniques for the construction of a residential area using renewable energy technology by analyzing Japanese cases of a smart city. Moreover, we developed a support toot for the construction of a smart city on a trial basis. We integrated the smart city construction toots and the cooperative housing construction support tool. This tool has a 3D modeling system that helps residents to easily understand the space image as a result of the examination. We also developed a professional supporting toot that residents can consider for cost-effectiveness in renewable energy and its environmental toad reduction rate for the planning of a smart city.

关键词： Cooperative method Consensus buitding Smart city Renewabte energy Visual image Project evatuation

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Occurrence factors of large vacant lots in central districts and their utilization by local governments in Japan

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2016年第4期5卷 393-402页

作者： Takeshi kobayashi Shinji Ikaruga Graduate School of Science and Technology for Innovation Yamaguchi University Yamaguchi 753-8511Japan

In Japan, focal cities experience a number of probtems retated to deterioration of residentiat environment, quality of public service, and vitalization of commercial rand. SpecificaLLy, the presence of Large vacant tots behind sizable stores, office buildings, hospitals, and factories devitatize urban activity and its Landscape. Many local cities are seeking to actuatize a sustainable compact city with an integrated poputation, commerce, traffic and other pubLic services in ways that promote a tow carbon and energy-conserving society. Against the backdrop of these issues, this study examines the occurrence of large vacant lots and their utilization by tocat governments in Japan based on a questionnaire and fietd survey. It highlights severat cases in which a Large vacant tot is used to forward the development of a compact city by a tocat government.

关键词： Large vacant tot Centra| district Urban regeneration Land use conversion Compact city

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Pneumonia and seizures due to hypereosinophilic syndrome—organ damage and eosinophilia without synchronisation:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第18期10卷 6325-6332页

作者： Tetsuro Ishida Tomonori Murayama Seiju kobayashi Department of Psychiatry Hokujinkai Ishibashi HospitalOtaru 047-8585Japan Department of Psychiatry Kushiro Red Cross HospitalKushiro 085-8512Japan Department of Psychiatry Shinyukai Nakae HospitalSapporo 001-0022Japan

BACKGROUND Hypereosinophilic syndrome(HES)is a condition characterized by increased eosinophil proliferation in the bone marrow,as well as tissue eosinophilia,often causing organ *** cause of the disease is *** symptoms include fatigue,cough,shortness of breath,myalgia,angioedema,fever,and *** addition to the respiratory symptoms,damage to the central nervous system can lead to severe ***,we report a case with pneumonia and complex partial seizures secondary to *** SUMMARY A 94-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital for heart failure and bloody *** admission,she also showed symptoms of ***-contrast computed tomography of the chest showed pleural effusion and infiltrative *** gastrointestinal endoscopy showed multiple ulcers in the sigmoid *** analyses showed marked eosinophilia(eosinophils 1760/mm3,total leukocytes 6850/mm3).Initial treatment with furosemide 20 mg/d and prednisolone 25 mg/d relieved these ***,the patient subsequently experienced localised epileptic seizures characterized by bilateral eyelid twitching and eyes rolling upwards,without generalized convulsions,and respiratory arrest *** showed spikes and ***-contrast magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed extensive periventricular *** administration of levetiracetam 1000 mg/d the epileptic seizures ***,the patient’s consciousness remained impaired,and her pneumonia worsened *** weeks later,she died of *** HES symptoms are variable and atypical,and the level and timing of eosinophilia and organ damage are often discordant.

关键词： Case report Hypereosinophilic syndrome Pneumonia Seizures Prednisolone Levetiracetam

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