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Immunotherapy for esophageal cancer:Where are we now and where can we go

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第19期30卷 2496-2501页

作者： Yoshiaki Shoji Kazuo Koyanagi kohei Kanamori kohei Tajima Mika Ogimi Yamato Ninomiya Miho Yamamoto Akihito Kazuno Kazuhito Nabeshima Takayuki Nishi Masaki Mori Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Tokai University School of MedicineKanagawa 259-1193Japan

Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy has dramatically improved patient prognosis,and thereby transformed the treatment in various cancer types including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)in the past *** antibodies that selectively inhibit programmed cell death-1(PD-1)activity has now become standard of care in the treatment of ESCC in metastatic settings,and has a high expectation to provide clinical benefit during perioperative ***,anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated protein 4(CTLA-4)monoclonal antibody has also been approved in the treatment of recurrent/metastatic ESCC in combination with anti-PD-1 *** understanding of the existing evidence of immune-based treatments for ESCC,as well as recent clinical trials on various combinations with chemotherapy for different clinical settings including neoadjuvant,adjuvant,and metastatic diseases,may provide future prospects of ESCC treatment for better patient outcomes.

关键词： Esophageal cancer Immunotherapy Immune checkpoint inhibitor Programmed cell death-1 Anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 Neoadjuvant therapy Adjuvant therapy Clinical trials Combination therapy

Comparison of incidence of acute kidney injury after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy with that after open retropubic and extraperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomies in patients with prostate cancer

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Current Urology 2024年第2期18卷 139-143页

作者： Shunsuke Sato Toshiaki Tanaka Takeshi Maehana kohei Hashimoto Ko Kobayashi Naoya Masumori Department of Urology Sapporo Medical UniversitySapporoJapan

Background:We retrospectively evaluated the postoperative renal function in patients who had undergone radical prostatectomy to compare the incidences of postoperative acute kidney injury(AKI)among the patients who had undergone robot-assisted radical prostatectomy(RARP),retropubic radical prostatectomy(RRP),and extraperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy(exLRP).Materials and methods:Patients with prostate cancer who had undergone radical prostatectomy at our institution between 2008 and 2014 were ***-assisted radical prostatectomy was performed using an intraperitoneal approach in a 25-degree Trendelenburg position,whereas other procedures were performed with the patient in the supine *** evaluated the serum creatinine levels and estimated glomerular filtration rates immediately after surgery and on postoperative day *** evaluated the incidence of AKI after prostatectomy using the Acute Kidney Injury Network criteria of the Kidney Disease:Improving Global Outcomes ***:A total of 150 consecutive patients were included,with each of the 3 groups(RARP,RRP,and exLRP)comprising 50 *** AKI was observed in 15(30.0%),1(2.0%),and 3(6.0%)patients in the RARP,RRP,and exLRP groups,*** 1 AKI was observed in all the patients except *** incidence of AKI in RARP group was significantly higher than that in the other groups(p<0.001).In the RARP group,the serum creatinine level was significantly elevated immediately after the surgery;however,it returned to baseline on postoperative day *** procedures were the only independent factor associated with AKI ***:This study suggest that compared with RRP and exLRP,RARP is associated with a higher incidence of postoperative AKI,although most patients recover ***-abdominal pneumoperitoneum may contribute to AKI onset.

关键词： Acute kidney injury Renal function Prostatectomy

Thermally activated delayed fluorescence carbazole-triazine dendrimer with bulky substituents

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Aggregate 2024年第1期5卷 236-243页

作者： Hiroki Ikebe kohei Nakao Eri Hisamura Minori Furukori Yasuo Nakayama Takuya Hosokai Minlang Yang Guanting Liu Takuma Yasuda Ken Albrecht Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences Kyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering Kyushu UniversityKasugaJapan Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Science and TechnologyTokyo University of ScienceNodaChibaJapan National Metrology Institute of Japan(NMIJ) National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology(AIST)TsukubaIbarakiJapan Institute for Advanced Study Kyushu UniversityNishi-kuFukuokaJapan

Carbazole-triazine dendrimers with a bulky terminal substituent were synthesized,and the thermally activated delayed fluorescence(TADF)property was *** to unsubstituted carbazole dendrimers,dendrimers with bulky terminal substituents showed comparable to better photoluminescence quantum yields(PLQY)in neat ***(PF)-substituted dendrimers showed the highest PLQY of 81%,a smallΔEst of 0.06 eV,and the fastest reverse intersystem crossing(RISC)rate of∼1×10^(5 )s^(−1) compared to other *** measurements of dendrimers and dendrons(fragments)indicate that the close proximity of the triplet energy of phenylfluorene-substituted carbazole dendrons(^(3)LE)to that of phenylfluorene-substituted dendrimers(^(1)CT,^(3)CT)contributes to RISC promotion and improves TADF *** modification fine-tunes the energy level and suppresses intermolecular interactions,and this study provides a guideline for designing efficient solution-processable and non-doped TADF materials.

关键词： dendrimer OLED TADF 1 INTRODUCTION Thermally activated delayed fluorescence(TADF)materials which are inexpensive and highly efficient alternatives to fluorescent

Severe aconite poisoning successfully treated with veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第2期12卷 399-404页

作者： Saeko Kohara Yoshito Kamijo Ryoko Kyan Ichiro Okada Eiju Hasegawa Soichiro Yamada Koichi imai Asuka Kaizaki-Mitsumoto Satoshi Numazawa Department of Critical Care Medicine and Trauma National Hospital Organization Disaster Medical CenterTokyo 1900014Japan Department of Clinical Toxicology Saitama Medical UniversitySaitama 3500495Japan Saitama Prefectural Institute of Public Health Saitama Prefectural Institute of Public HealthSaitama 3550133Japan Division of Toxicology Department of PharmacologyToxicology and TherapeuticsShowa University School of PharmacyTokyo 1428555Japan

BACKGROUND Most species of aconite contain highly toxic aconitines,the oral ingestion of which can be fatal,primarily because they cause ventricular *** describe a case of severe aconite poisoning that was successfully treated through venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(VA-ECMO)and in which detailed toxicological analyses of the aconite roots and biological samples were performed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS).CASE SUMMARY A 23-year-old male presented to the emergency room with circulatory collapse and ventricular arrhythmia after ingesting approximately half of a root labeled,“Aconitum japonicum Thunb”.Two hours after arrival,VA-ECMO was initiated as circulatory collapse became refractory to antiarrhythmics and *** hours after arrival,an electrocardiogram revealed a return to sinus *** patient was weaned off VA-ECMO and the ventilator on hospital days 3 and 5,*** hospital day 15,he was transferred to a psychiatric *** other half of the root and his biological samples were toxicologically analyzed using LC-MS/MS,revealing 244.3 mg/kg of aconitine and 24.7 mg/kg of mesaconitine in the *** on admission contained 1.50 ng/mL of *** hospital day 2,neither were *** on admission showed 149.09 ng/mL of aconitine and 3.59 ng/mL of mesaconitine,but these rapidly decreased after hospital day *** The key to saving the life of a patient with severe aconite poisoning is to introduce VA-ECMO as soon as possible.

关键词： Aconite poisoning Fatal arrhythmia Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation Aconitine Mesaconitine Case report

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未来气候条件下蒙古草原植被的预测分布

Journal of Plant Ecology 2024年第3期17卷 16-27页

作者： kohei Suzuki Ikutaro Tsuyama Radnaakhand Tungalag Amartuvshin Narantsetseg Tsagaanbandi Tsendeekhuu Masato Shinoda Norikazu Yamanaka Takashi Kamijo Department of Regional Regeneration Science Faculty of Regional Environment ScienceTokyo University of AgricultureTokyo 156-8502Japan Hokkaido Research Center Forestry and Forest Products Research InstituteHokkaido 062-8516Japan Department ofBiology School of Arts and SciencesNational University of MongoliaUlaanbaatar 210646Mongolia Botanic Garden and ResearchInstitute Mongolian Academy of ScienceUlaanbaatar 51Mongolia Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences GraduateSchool of Environmental StudiesNagoya UniversityNagoya 464-8601Japan Arid Land Research Center Tottori UniversityTottori680-0001Japan Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences University of TsukubaIbaraki 305-8572Japan

蒙古牧民家庭通过适应当地植被分布的特点来维持牲畜的健康状况。因此,预测未来植被变化对于稳定的牲畜放牧和可持续的草原利用至关重要。本研究基于前期研究获得的植被数据预测了2081年至2100年间草原植被,尤其是沙漠草原、草原和草甸... 详细信息

蒙古牧民家庭通过适应当地植被分布的特点来维持牲畜的健康状况。因此,预测未来植被变化对于稳定的牲畜放牧和可持续的草原利用至关重要。本研究基于前期研究获得的植被数据预测了2081年至2100年间草原植被,尤其是沙漠草原、草原和草甸草原的分布范围。我们首先基于在蒙古(43–50°N,87–119°E)收集的草原植被数据(2012至2016年,278个样地)划分了不同的群落类型。其次,采用最大熵(MaxEnt)模型进行物种分布建模,其中以荒漠草原、草原和草甸草原的分布数据作为目标变量,使用WorldClim的生物气候数据作为解释变量。最后,采用WorldClim提供的CMIP6下缩放的未来气候预测数据进行未来预测。结果发现,荒漠草原、草原和草甸草原模型的曲线下面积值分别为0.850、0.847和0.873。根据所有情景和所有群落的气候变化,适宜栖息地预计将缩小。潜在适宜区域减少的程度在草甸草原群落中最为显著。上述结果表明,未来气候变化情景下草甸草原群落将转变为草原群落。

关键词：气候变化群落最大熵物种分布建模草原 WorldClim

Which characteristics are associated with changes in medication status for lower urinary tract symptoms among patients with prostate cancer receiving external beam radiotherapy?

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Current Urology 2024年第2期18卷 122-127页

作者： Yuki Kyoda kohei Hashimoto Atsushi Takahashi TakeshiMaehana Kimihito Tachikawa Takashi Muranaka Shuichi Kato Tomoyo Kurisug Fumimasa Fukuta Takahiro Kirisawa Manabu Okada Ko Kobayashi Toshiaki Tanaka Shiro Hinotsu Naoya Masumoria Department of Urology SapporoMedical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan Department of Urology Hakodate Goryoukaku HospitalHakodateJapan Department of Urology Muroran City General HospitalMuroranJapan Department of Urology NTT-East Sapporo HospitalSapporoJapan Department of Urology Sunagawa City Medical CenterSunagawaJapan Department of Urology Oji General HospitalTomakomaiJapan Department of Urology Steel Memorial Muroran HospitalMuroranJapan Department of Urology Obihiro Kyokai HospitalObihiroJapan Department of Medical Statistics Sapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan

Background:We clarified the predictive factors for changes in the status ofmedications for lower urinary tract symptoms(LUTS)2 years after local radiotherapy for nonmetastatic prostate *** and methods:We retrospectively included patients who underwent local external radiotherapy for nonmetastatic prostate cancer in 8 institutions between April 2001 and March *** were divided into themedication and no-medication group based on the use of drugs for LUTS before *** defined improvement of LUTS as when the patient did not require medication for LUTS at 24 months after radiotherapy in the medication group and as deterioration whenmedication was required in the no-medication *** regression analysis was used to evaluate predictive factors for changes in medication ***:Altogether,505 patients were divided into a no-medication group(n=352)and a medication group(n=153).The number of patients with deterioration and improvement in LUTS was 49(14%)and 36(23%),*** the multivariate analysis,the predictive variables for deterioration were the International Prostate SymptomScore(≥8;odds ratio[OR],2.21;p=0.014)and the biopsy Gleason score(≤3+4=7;OR,2.430;p=0.008)in the no-medication group,whereas those for improvement were age(<75 years old;OR,5.81;p=0.002),the quality of life score(<3;OR,3.15;p=0.028),and a positive biopsy core rate(≥50%;OR,2.530;p=0.027)in the medication ***:These predictive factors for changes in the status ofmedications for LUTS at 2 years after external radiotherapymay help determine the definitive therapy for nonmetastatic prostate cancer.

关键词： Prostate cancer Radiotherapy Lower urinary tract symptoms Medications

Diagnosis of autoimmune pancreatitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第44期20卷 16559-16569页

作者： Hiroyuki Matsubayashi Naomi Kakushima kohei Takizawa Masaki Tanaka Kenichiro imai Kinichi Hotta Hiroyuki Ono Division of Endoscopy Shizuoka Cancer Center

Autoimmune pancreatitis(AIP) is a distinct form of chronic pancreatitis that is increasingly being reported. The presentation and clinical image findings of AIP sometimes resemble those of several pancreatic malignancies, but the therapeutic strategy differs appreciably. Therefore, accurate diagnosis is necessary for cases of AIP. To date, AIP is classified into two distinct subtypes from the viewpoints of etiology, serum markers, histology, other organ involvements, and frequency of relapse: type 1 is related to Ig G4(lymphoplasmacytic sclerosing pancreatitis) and type 2 is related to a granulocytic epithelial lesion(idiopathic duct-centric chronic pancreatitis). Both types of AIP are characterized by focal or diffuse pancreatic enlargement accompanied with a narrowing of the main pancreatic duct, and both show dramatic responses to corticosteroid. Unlike type 2, type 1 is characteristically associated with increasing levels of serum Ig G4 and positive serum autoantibodies, abundant infiltration of Ig G4-positive plasmacytes, frequent extrapancreatic lesions, and relapse. These findings have led several countries to propose diagnostic criteria for AIP, which consist of essentially similar diagnostic items; however, several differences exist for each country, mainly due to differences in the definition of AIP and the modalities used to diagnose this disease. An attempt to unite the diagnostic criteria worldwide was made with the publication in 2011 of the international consensus diagnostic criteria for AIP, established at the 2010 Congress of the International Association of Pancreatology(IAP).

关键词： Autoimmune pancreatitis Diagnosis Criteria Japanese International consensus diagnostic criteria

Property of critical excitation for moment-resisting frames subjected to horizontal and vertical simultaneous ground motions

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2009年第11期10卷 1561-1572页

作者： kohei FUJITA Izuru TAKEWAKI Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University

It has often been reported that, when building structures are subjected to near-fault earthquake ground motions, horizontal and vertical impulsive inputs may cause critical damage during the first few seconds. In practical design of building structures, however, the safety check, taking into account the effect of multi-component ground motions, is hardly conducted except the design of important structures such as high-rise buildings and nuclear power plants. Ftirthel＇more, it is not clear how the correlation of multi-component ground motions influences the actual safety of structures. In this paper, the detailed property of critical excitation is discussed in association with the relationship between the characteristics of ground motions and those of structures. The properties of various auto power spectral density （PSD） functions of the horizontal and vertical ground motions are investigated, and those of the critical cross PSD function of these two-directional ground motions are found by a devised algorithm in a feasible complex plane. A closed-form expression is derived from the critical relation of the auto PSD functions of the simultaneous inputs. This critical excitation method provides us with a new approach for earthquake-resistant design against the possible future earthquake which causes the critical damages to buildings.

关键词： Critical excitation Multi-component ground input Critical cross spectrum Coherency Simultaneous input

A construction method of matroidal networks

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2012年第11期55卷 2445-2453页

作者： imai Hideki Faculty of Science and Engineering Chuo University Tokyo 112-8551Japan

This paper discusses the question whether a network-matroid construction can be modified so that all matroid dependencies are re?ected in the *** propose a novel construction method for a matroidal network to address this ***,we investigate some properties of the matroidal network based on our construction *** relations between the matroidal network and its associated matroid are developed through various examples.

关键词： capacity matroid matroidal network network coding