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Carbon dioxide enrichment affected flower numbers transiently and increased successful post-pollination development stably but without altering final acorn production in mature pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.)

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Journal of Forestry research 2024年第4期35卷 1-12页

作者： ryan mcClory richard H.Ellis martin Lukac Jo clark Carolina mayoral Kris m.Hart Andrew r.G.Plackett A.rob macKenzie School of Agriculture Policy and DevelopmentUniversity of ReadingAgricultureEarley GateWhiteknights RoadPO Box 237Reading RG66EUUK Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences Czech University of Life Sciences PraguePrague 165000Czechia Future Trees Trust Harwell Innovation CentreBuilding 173Curie AvenueHarwellOxford OX110QGUK Birmingham Institute of Forest research University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK School of Biosciences University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK School of Geography Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK

Acorn production in oak(Quercus spp.)shows considerable inter-annual variation,known as masting,which provides a natural defence against seed predators but a highly-variable supply of acorns for uses such as in commercial tree planting each *** emissions of greenhouse gases have been very widely reported to influence plant growth and seed or fruit size and quantity via the‘fertilisation effect’that leads to enhanced *** examine if acorn production in mature woodland communities will be affected by further increase in CO_(2),the contents of litter traps from a Free Air Carbon Enrichment(FACE)experiment in deciduous woodland in central England were analysed for numbers of flowers and acorns of pedunculate oak(Quercus robur L.)at different stages of development and their predation levels under ambient and elevated CO_(2) ***-annual variation in acorn numbers was considerable and cyclical between 2015 and 2021,with the greatest numbers of mature acorns in 2015,2017 and 2020 but almost none in *** numbers of flowers,enlarged cups,immature acorns,empty acorn cups,and galls in the litter traps also varied amongst years;comparatively high numbers of enlarged cups were recorded in 2018,suggesting *** at this site is a fruit maturation masting species(i.e.,the extent of abortion of pollinated flowers during acorn development affects mature acorn numbers greatly).raising the atmospheric CO_(2) concentration by 150μL L^(−1),from early 2017,increased the numbers of immature acorns,and all acorn evidence(empty cups+immature acorns+mature acorns)detected in the litter traps compared to ambient controls by 2021,but did not consistently affect the numbers of flowers,enlarged cups,empty cups,or mature *** number of flowers in the elevated CO_(2) plots’litter traps was greater in 2018 than 2017,one year after CO_(2) enrichment began,whereas numbers declined in ambient *** with CO_(2) also increased the number o

关键词： Quercus robur L. Acorns masting Pedunculate oak Carbon dioxide

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TWO NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS ANTHENOIDES(ECHINODErmATA: ASTErOIDEA) FrOmSOUTHErN CHINA

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 1989年第1期7卷 37-42,95-96页

作者：廖玉麟 Ailsa m.clark Institute of Oceanology Academia Sinica Qingdao British museum (Natural History) London SW7 5BD

Two new species of the genus Anthenoides from the southern China are described. A. laevigatus sp. nov. shows affinities with A. epixanthus. A. tenuis sp. nov. is related to A. cristatus (Sladen).

关键词： tenuis granules spherical distal slender fauna southeastern outer triangular mostly

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The NOrE1A/rASSF5 Tumor Suppressor Forms a Complex with GSK-3β to regulate β-Catenin

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Journal of Biosciences and medicines 2024年第8期12卷 60-75页

作者： m. Lee Schmidt Howard Donninger Geoffrey J. clark Department Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Louisville Louisville USA US Worldmeds LouisvilleUSA Department of medicine University of Louisville Louisville USA Experimental Therapeutics Program James Graham Brown Cancer Center University of Louisville Louisville USA

NOrE1A (rASSF5) is a tumor suppressor of the rASSF family that is often down-regulated in human tumors. NOrE1A has multiple roles in controlling cellular homeostasis, one of them being regulating levels of β-catenin by binding and modulating the ubiquitin ligase substrate recognition factor β-TrCP. β-catenin is a major executor of the Wnt pathway. The ubiquitin SCF-β-TrCP ligase complex acts on a phospho-degron site in β-catenin that can be phosphorylated by GSK-3β. We now show that in addition to binding β-TrCP, NOrE1A also promotes the phosphorylation of the β-catenin phospho-degron by complexing with the kinase GSK-3β. Indeed, NOrE1A enhances the formation of a GSK-3β/β-TrCP complex. A structural mutant of NOrE1A that retains β-TrCP binding but will no longer interact with GSK-3β inhibits the β-catenin degrading action of NOrE1A. The GSK-3β interaction with NOrE1A plays an important role in the biology of NOrE1A as a GSK-3β inhibitor blocks NOrE1A induced senescence. Thus, we identify a new role for the tumor suppressor NOrE1A: The regulation of GSK-3β. GSK-3β has many other substrates including multiple transcription factors and co-activators such as p53 and the Hippo component TAZ. The work implies that NOrE1A may be able to influence all of them via this new kinase scaffolding interaction.

关键词： rAS NOrE1A rASSF5 GSK-3β Beta Catenin HIPPO

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The Shishugou Fauna of the middle-Late Jurassic Transition Period in the Junggar Basin of Western China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2022年第4期96卷 1115-1135页

作者： XU Xing James m.clark David A.EBErTH Philip J.CUrrIE Centre for Vertebrate Evolutionary Biology Yunnan UniversityKunming 650500China Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China Department of Biological Sciences George Washington UniversityWashington DC20052USA royal Tyrrell museum of Palaeontology Box 7500DrumhellerAlberta T0J 0Y0Canada Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta 116 Street and 85 AvenueEdmontonAB T6G 2R3Canada

The middle-Late Jurassic transition period is a critical period for the evolution of terrestrial vertebrates,but the global fossil record from this time is relatively *** Shishugou Fauna of this period has recently produced significant fossil remains of dinosaurs and other vertebrate groups,some representing the earliest known members of several dinosaurian groups and other vertebrate groups and some representing the best-known specimens of their *** discoveries are significant for our understanding of the origin and evolution of several vertebrate *** dating indicates that the fauna is aged approximately 159-164 *** with other similarly-aged terrestrial faunas such as Shaximiao and Yanliao show both taxonomic similarities and differences between these faunas and indicate that the Junggar deposits might have preserved the most complete vertebrate fossil record for a middle-Late Jurassic Laurasian terrestrial fauna.

关键词： middle-Late Jurassic Shishugou Fauna Shishugou Formation terrestrial ecosystem Shaximiao Yanliao Junggar Basin

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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes: a burgeoning problem with unclear solutions

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2020年第4期9卷 514-517页

作者： mariana Lazo Jeanne m.clark Division of General Internal medicine School of MedicineJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMDUSA Division of Gastroenterology&Hepatology Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA

The association between chronic liver disease and diabetes has been known for long time,with reports in the literature as early as in 1952(1).Currently,a bidirectional association between type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)has become more widely accepted,probably as a result of the common risk factors(e.g.,obesity)and pathophysiology(e.g.,insulin resistance)(2).

关键词： diabetes liver NAFLD

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Impact on Soil Organic C and Total Soil N from Cool- and Warm-Season Legumes Used in a Green manure-Forage Cropping System

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第3期15卷 333-357页

作者： clark B. Neely Francis m. rouquette Jr. Cristine L.S. morgan Frank m. Hons William L. rooney Gerald r. Smith Department of Soil and Crop Science Washington State University Pullman WA USA Texas A&m AgriLife research Overton TX USA Chief Scientific Officer Soil Health Institute Morrisville NC USA Department of Soil and Crop Science Texas A&M University College Station TX USA

Annual forage legumes are important components of livestock production systems in East Texas and the southeastern US. Forage legumes contribute nitrogen (N) to cropping systems through biological N fixation, and their seasonal biomass production can be managed to complement forage grasses. Our research objectives were to evaluate both warm- and cool-season annual forage legumes as green manure for biomass, N content, ability to enhance soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil N, and impact on post season forage grass crops. Nine warm-season forage legumes (WSL) were spring planted and incorporated as green manure in the fall. Forage rye (Secale cereale L.) was planted following the incorporation of WSL treatments. Eight cool-season forage legumes (CSL) were fall planted in previously fallow plots and incorporated as green manure in late spring. Sorghum-sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor x Sorghum bicolor var. sudanense) was planted over all treatments in early summer after forage rye harvest and incorporation of CSL treatments. Sorghum-sudangrass was harvested in June, August and September, and treatments were evaluated for dry matter and N concentration. Soil cores were taken from each plot, split into depths of 0 to 15, 15 to 30 and 30 to 60 cm, and soil C and N were measured using combustion analysis. Nylon mesh bags containing plant samples were buried at 15 cm and used to evaluate decomposition rate of above ground legume biomass, including change in C and N concentrations. mungbean (Vigna radiata L. [Wilczek]) had the highest shoot biomass yield (6.24 t Dm ha-1) and contributed the most total N (167 kg∙ha-1) and total C (3043 kg∙ha-1) of the WSL tested. Decomposition rate of WSL biomass was rapid in the first 10 weeks and very slow afterward. Winter pea (Pisum sativum L. spp. sativum), arrow leaf clover (Trifolium vesiculosum Savi.), and crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) were the most productive CSL in this trial. Austrian winter pea

关键词： Annual Legumes Soil N Soil Organic C Green manure Deer Browse Forage Cropping Systems

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Legume Green manure and Intercropping for High Biomass Sorghum Production

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第6期15卷 605-621页

作者： clark B. Neely Francis m. rouquette Jr. Cristine L. S. morgan Frank m. Hons William L. rooney Gerald r. Smith Department of Soil and Crop Science Washington State University Pullman WA USA Texas A&m AgriLife research Overton TX USA Soil Health Institute Morrisville NC USA Department of Soil and Crop Science Texas A&M University College Station TX USA

Before the advent of cheap, synthetic fertilizers, legumes were commonly used as green manure crops for their ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen (N). A three-year study at Overton, TX examined legume integration into high-biomass sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) production systems on a Lilbert loamy fine sand recently cultivated after a fertilized bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] pasture. In this split-split plot design, ‘Dixie’ crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) and ‘Iron and Clay’ cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) were integrated into a high-biomass sorghum production system to evaluate impacts on N concentration, C concentration, and yield of high-biomass sorghum and their impacts on soil total N and soil organic carbon (SOC). main plots were split into crimson clover green manure (CLGm) and winter fallow (FALL) followed by three sub-plots split into warm-season crop rotations: cowpea green manure (CPGm), cowpea-sorghum intercrop (CPSr), and sorghum monocrop (SOrG). Three N fertilizer treatments (0, 45, 90 kg N∙ha−1) were randomized and applied as sub-sub plots. The CLGm increased (P sorghum biomass yield (16.5 t Dm∙ha−1) 28% in year three but had no effect in the first two years. The CPSr treatment reduced sorghum yield up to 62% compared to SOrG;whereas CPGm increased sorghum yield 56% and 18% the two years following cowpea incorporation. rate of N fertilizer had no effect on sorghum biomass yield. Decrease in SOC and soil N over time indicated mineralization of organic N and may explain why no N fertilizer response was observed in sorghum biomass yield. Cowpea showed strong potential as a green manure crop but proved to be too competitive for successful intercropping in high-biomass sorghum production systems.

关键词： High-Biomass Sorghum Legumes Green manure Intercrop Cowpea Crimson Clover Soil Organic Carbon Soil Nitrogen

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Elucidating regulatory processes of intense physical activity by multi-omics analysis

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military medical research 2024年第4期11卷 479-499页

作者： Ernesto S.Nakayasu marina A.Gritsenko Young-mo Kim Jennifer E.Kyle Kelly G.Stratton Carrie D.Nicora Nathalie munoz Kathleen m.Navarro Daniel Claborne Yuqian Gao Karl K.Weitz Vanessa L.Paurus Kent J.Bloodsworth Kelsey A.Allen Lisa m.Bramer Fernando montes Kathleen A.clark Grant Tietje Justin Teeguarden Kristin E.Burnum-Johnson Biological Sciences Division Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWA 99352USA Environmental and molecular Sciences Division Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWA 99352USA Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthWestern States DivisionDenverCO 80204USA Computational Analytics Division Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWA 99352USA National Security Directorate Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWA 99352USA Los Angeles County Fire Department Los AngelesCA 90063USA Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthRespiratory Health DivisionMorgantownWV 26505USA Environmental and molecular Toxicology Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA

Background:Physiological and biochemical processes across tissues of the body are regulated in response to the high demands of intense physical activity in several occupations,such as firefighting,law enforcement,military,and sports.A better understanding of such processes can ultimately help improve human performance and prevent illnesses in the work ***:To study regulatory processes in intense physical activity simulating real-life conditions,we performed a multi-omics analysis of 3 biofluids(blood plasma,urine,and saliva)collected from 11 wildland firefighters before and after a 45 min,intense exercise *** profiles ***-exercise were compared by Student’s t-test followed by pathway analysis and comparison between the different omics ***:Our multi-omics analysis identified and quantified 3835 proteins,730 lipids and 182 metabolites combining the 3 different types of *** blood plasma analysis revealed signatures of tissue damage and acute repair response accompanied by enhanced carbon metabolism to meet energy *** urine analysis showed a strong,concomitant regulation of 6 out of 8 identified proteins from the renin-angiotensin system supporting increased excretion of catabolites,reabsorption of nutrients and maintenance of fluid *** saliva,we observed a decrease in 3 pro-inflammatory cytokines and an increase in 8 antimicrobial peptides.A systematic literature review identified 6 papers that support an altered susceptibility to respiratory ***:This study shows simultaneous regulatory signatures in biofluids indicative of homeostatic maintenance during intense physical activity with possible effects on increased infection susceptibility,suggesting that caution against respiratory diseases could benefit workers on highly physical demanding jobs.

关键词： multi-omics analysis Intense exercise Human performance Biofluids metabolism Immunity

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2023: Weather and Climate Extremes Hitting the Globe with Emerging Features

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第6期41卷 1001-1016页

作者： Wenxia ZHANG robin clark Tianjun ZHOU Laurent LI Chao LI Juan rIVErA Lixia ZHANG Kexin GUI Tingyu ZHANG Lan LI rongyun PAN Yongjun CHEN Shijie TANG Xin HUANG Shuai HU State Key Laboratory of Numerical modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China met Office Hadley Centre Exeter EX13PBUK University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Laboratoire de météorologie Dynamique CNRSSorbonne UniversitéEcole Normale SupérieureEcole PolytechniqueParis 75230France max Planck Institute for meteorology Hamburg 20146Germany Instituto Argentino de Nivología Glaciología Y Ciencias Ambientales(IANIGLA)CCT CONICETMendoza CP 5500Argentina Shanghai Typhoon Institute China Meteorological AdministrationShanghai 200030China Asia-Pacific Typhoon Collaborative research Center Shanghai 201306China

Globally,2023 was the warmest observed year on record since at least 1850 and,according to proxy evidence,possibly of the past 100000 *** in recent years,the record warmth has again been accompanied with yet more extreme weather and climate events throughout the ***,we provide an overview of those of 2023,with details and key background causes to help build upon our understanding of the roles of internal climate variability and anthropogenic climate *** also highlight emerging features associated with some of these extreme *** extremes are occurring earlier in the year,and increasingly simultaneously in differing parts of the world(e.g.,the concurrent hot extremes in the Northern Hemisphere in July 2023).Intense cyclones are exacerbating precipitation extremes(e.g.,the North China flooding in July and the Libya flooding in September).Droughts in some regions(e.g.,California and the Horn of Africa)have transitioned into flood *** extremes also show increasing interactions with ecosystems via wildfires(e.g.,those in Hawaii in August and in Canada from spring to autumn 2023)and sandstorms(e.g.,those in mongolia in April 2023).Finally,we also consider the challenges to research that these emerging characteristics present for the strategy and practice of adaptation.

关键词： weather and climate extremes temperature extremes extreme precipitation drought wildfires

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猫慢性蜗外电刺激耳蜗组织病理学改变

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中国医学科学院学报 1993年第4期15卷 261-265页

作者：倪道凤 robert K.Shepherd Graeme m.clark 中国医学科学院中国协和医科大学协和医院澳大利亚墨尔本大学

本实验研究了5只猫蜗外电极慢性植入和电刺激引起的耳蜗组织病理学改变。刺激电极球分别固定在圆窗和鼓岬上,用双相平衡的0.4～1.8mA、脉宽100μS电脉冲作1276～1526h的慢性电刺激。光学显微镜检查耳蜗组织病理学改变发现:圆窗和鼓岬电... 详细信息

本实验研究了5只猫蜗外电极慢性植入和电刺激引起的耳蜗组织病理学改变。刺激电极球分别固定在圆窗和鼓岬上,用双相平衡的0.4～1.8mA、脉宽100μS电脉冲作1276～1526h的慢性电刺激。光学显微镜检查耳蜗组织病理学改变发现:圆窗和鼓岬电极固定良好;除1耳电极推压圆窗膜与Hook区骨螺旋板粘连外,电极固定部位的圆窗膜均增厚;刺激侧与对照侧耳蜗下基底转内可见不同程度外毛细胞损失、轻度内毛细胞损失和小范围Corti's结构消失;2个刺激侧耳蜗近圆窗2%基底膜长度范围内少量螺旋神经节细胞损失。提示蜗外电极行电刺激虽比蜗内电极安全,但在耳蜗下基底转仍有轻度组织病理学改变.

关键词：人工耳蜗蜗外电刺激耳聋病理学

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