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Thermodynamics of clayedrug complex dispersions: Isothermal titration calorimetry and high-performance liquid chromatography

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2020年第1期10卷 78-85页

作者： Ana-Maria Totea Juan Sabin Irina Dorin Karl Hemming Peter R.Laity Barbara R.Conway Laura Waters kofi Asare-Addo School of Applied Sciences Department of PharmacyUniversity of HuddersfieldQueensgateHuddersfieldHD13DHUK AFFINImeter Edificio EmprendiaCampus VidaSantiago de CompostelaSpain Malvern Panalytical Ltd. MalvernUK School of Applied Sciences Department of ChemistryUniversity of HuddersfieldQueensgateHuddersfieldHD13DHUK Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of SheffieldSir Robert Hadfield BuildingMappin StreetSheffieldS13JDUK

An understanding of the thermodynamics of the complexation process utilized in sustaining drug release in clay matrices is of great *** characterisation techniques as well as isothermal calorimetry were utilized in investigating the adsorption process of a model cationic drug(diltiazem hydrochloride,DIL)onto a pharmaceutical clay system(magnesium aluminium silicate,MAS).X-ray powder diffraction(XRPD),attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(ATRFTIR)and optical microscopy confirmed the successful formation of the DIL-MAS *** quantification from the complexes demonstrated variable behaviour in the differing media used with DIL degrading to desacetyl diltiazem hydrochloride(DC-DIL)in the 2 M HCl *** also,the authors report for the first time two binding processes that occurred for DIL and MAS.A competitor binding model was thus proposed and the thermodynamics obtained suggested their binding processes to be enthalpy driven and entropically *** information is of great importance for a formulator as care and consideration should be given with appropriate media selection as well as the nature of binding in complexes.

关键词： Clay-drug complex dispersions Magnesium aluminium silicate Diltiazem hydrochloride Isothermal titration calorimetry High performance liquid chromatography

An Exploratory Study into Social Cost Considerations in Ghanaian Construction Industry

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Journal of Building Construction and Planning Research 2020年第1期8卷 14-29页

作者： James Cofie Danku Theophilus Adjei-Kumi Bernard kofi Baiden kofi Agyekum Department of Construction Technology and Management Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana West Africa

Construction causative nuisances, inconveniences, interferences and disruptions to the routine economic and social life patterns of adjacent or neighboring communities are referred to as social cost. This study explores the understanding and level of consideration of social cost by construction professionals in Ghana. Relevant literature sources are reviewed to define, rationalize and classify social cost. The study used the survey approach with a set of questionnaires addressed to construction contractors and professionals to gather the data. It was realized that not much consideration is given to social cost at the tender stage of the construction process. The five factors hindering social cost inclusion in tendering are “difficulty in allocating social costs”, “governmental interferences”, “lack of historical data”, “lack of appreciation of social costs” and “low stakeholder agitation”. The paper advocated for integration of social cost into the tendering process. The study will serve as a foundation to design a social cost assessment system at the pre-contract stage.

关键词： Social Cost Construction Industry Construction Professionals Community Ghana

Linking Environmental Water Scarcity and Options for Adaptation in the MENA Region

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2017年第4期9卷 378-392页

作者： Bachar Ibrahim Henry mensah Faculty of Economy Law and Society Department of Public Law with Reference to the Law of Environment and Planning Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg Cottbus Germany

Contamination of surface and underground water by sea level rise, surface runoff, and land use activities such as industrial and agricultural activities can lead to water scarcity. Water could be available and accessible but not suitable for human use. In the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region countries, the agriculture sector depends massively on water for farming activities, which consumes about 80% of the available water resources. In this context, the issue of environmental water scarcity is under highlighted, though the use of this term itself is still lacking in an international context (FAO). Meanwhile, the international goal of universal access to clean freshwater is included in global development targets (SDGs). This study provides some insights and deepens our understanding on environmental water scarcity, particularly MEN-A region countries. This review paper begins with an introduction to water scarcity and continues with a discussion of environmental issues associated with water scarcity in MENA region countries. Finally, we suggest some adaptive measures in two distinct areas such as agriculture sectors and policy makers and conclude that the lack of implementation of this particular term is hindering sustainable development in MENA region countries.

关键词： Adaptation MENA Climate Change Water Scarcity Water Quality Environment

Mapping aboveground biomass and its prediction uncertainty using LiDAR and field data, accounting for tree-level allometric and LiDAR model errors

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Forest Ecosystems 2020年第3期7卷 562-578页

作者： Svetlana Saarela AndréWästlund Emma Holmström Alex Appiah mensah Sören Holm Mats Nilsson Jonas Fridman Göran Ståhl Faculty of Forest Sciences Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesSLU Skogsmarksgränd 17UmeåSE-90183Sweden

Background: The increasing availability of remotely sensed data has recently challenged the traditional way of performing forest inventories, and induced an interest in model-based inference. Like traditional design-based inference, model-based inference allows for regional estimates of totals and means, but in addition for wall-to-wall mapping of forest characteristics. Recently Light Detection and Ranging(LiDAR)-based maps of forest attributes have been developed in many countries and been well received by users due to their accurate spatial representation of forest resources. However, the correspondence between such mapping and model-based inference is seldom appreciated. In this study we applied hierarchical model-based inference to produce aboveground biomass maps as well as maps of the corresponding prediction uncertainties with the same spatial resolution. Further, an estimator of mean biomass at regional level, and its uncertainty, was developed to demonstrate how mapping and regional level assessment can be combined within the framework of model-based ***: Through a new version of hierarchical model-based estimation, allowing models to be nonlinear, we accounted for uncertainties in both the individual tree-level biomass models and the models linking plot level biomass predictions with LiDAR metrics. In a 5005 km2 large study area in south-central Sweden the predicted aboveground biomass at the level of 18 m×18 m map units was found to range between 9 and 447 Mg·ha^-1. The corresponding root mean square errors ranged between 10 and 162 Mg·ha^-1. For the entire study region, the mean aboveground biomass was 55 Mg·ha^-1 and the corresponding relative root mean square error 8%. At this level 75%of the mean square error was due to the uncertainty associated with tree-level ***: Through the proposed method it is possible to link mapping and estimation within the framework of model-based inference. Uncertainties in both tree-level bio

关键词： Aboveground biomass assessment Forest mapping Gauss-Newton Regression Hierarchical Model-Based inference LiDAR maps National Forest Inventory Uncertainty estimation Uncertainty map

Historical trends of degradation,loss,and recovery in the tropical forest reserves of Ghana

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2022年第1期15卷 30-51页

作者： Michael C.Wimberly Francis K.Dwomoh Izaya Numata Foster mensah Jacob amoako Dawn M.Nekorchuk Andrea McMahon Department of Geography and Environmental Sustainability University of OklahomaNormanOKUSA Department of Geography and Geospatial Sciences South Dakota State UniversityBrookingsSDUSA Centre for Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Services University of GhanaAccraGhana The Forestry Commission of Ghana AccraGhana

The Upper Guinean Forest region of West Africa,a globally significant biodiversity hotspot,is among the driest and most human-impacted tropical *** used Landsat to study forest degradation,loss,and recovery in the forest reserves of Ghana from 2003 to *** canopy cover maps were generated using random forests and results were temporally segmented using the LandTrendr *** cover was predicted with a predicted-observed r2 of 0.76,mean absolute error of 12.8%,and mean error of 1.3%.Forest degradation,loss,and recovery were identified as transitions between closed(>60%cover),open(15–60%cover)and low tree cover(<15%cover)*** was relatively slow from 2003 to 2015,but there was more disturbance than recovery resulting in a gradual decline in closed canopy *** 2016,widespread fires associated with El Niño drought caused forest loss and degradation across more than 12%of the moist semi-deciduous and upland evergreen forest *** workflow was implemented in Google Earth Engine,allowing stakeholders to visualize the results and download *** about historical disturbances will help to prioritize locations for future studies and target forest protection and restoration activities aimed at increasing resilience.

关键词： Landsat random forests machine learning time series LandTrendr drought wildfire

Population-Based Tuberculosis Disease Prevalence Survey in Ghana: The Role and Lessons Learnt from the Laboratory

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2019年第2期7卷 95-108页

作者： Kennedy Kwasi Addo Samuel Ofori Addo Christian Bonsu Ezekiel mensah Sarah Edusei Prosper Dedzo Michael amo Omari Samuel Kudzawu Honesty Ganu Samuel Kumah Atiadevie Frank Adae Bonsu Department of Bacteriology Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research College of Health Sciences University of Ghana Accra Ghana Chest Clinic Laboratory Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital Accra Ghana National Tuberculosis Control Programme Accra Ghana

Background: Bacteriologically-confirmed tuberculosis (TB) cases used in calculating TB prevalence in a country are obtained through laboratory examination of sputum specimens. Objective: This article describes laboratory processing of specimens, results overview, conclusions and key lessons learnt from the perspective of laboratory personnel involved in the conduct of TB disease prevalence survey in Ghana in 2013. Methods: Symptoms screening and Chest X-ray suggestive of TB were used to select participants who produced sputum to confirm TB cases using microscopy, culture and Xpert®MTB/RIF assay (GeneXpert). Results: A total of 15,935 single and paired sputum specimens were received from eligible participants. About half of Ziehl-Nielsen (129/263) and Auramine O (122/246) stained smear positives were scanty positive. Culture positivity rate for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex was 266/14,994 (1.7%) and 100/15,179 (0.7%) in Mycobacterial Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT) and Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) media respectively;while non-tuberculous mycobacterium was 294/14,994 (1.96%) and 167/15,179 (1.1%). Total contamination rates in MGIT (5.4%) were higher than in LJ (1.7%). Prevalence of smear positive TB and bacteriologically confirmed TB among adult population (≥15 years) was estimated at 111 (95% CI: 76 - 145) and 356 (95% CI: 288 - 425) per 100,000 population respectively. Conclusions and Lessons Learnt: Direct supervision of specimen collection by well-trained laboratory personnel, timely transportation of specimens from field to laboratory, prompt specimen processing and use of electronic data management systems are essential for a reliable TB disease prevalence survey data. More importantly, strengthening human and logistical capacity of the laboratory must be of utmost priority.

关键词： Prevalence Survey Tuberculosis Laboratory Lessons Learnt Ghana

Effect of tellurium on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Fe-14Cr oxide-dispersion-strengthened steels produced by additive manufacturing

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2021年第36期95卷 114-126页

作者： Barton mensah Arkhurst Jee Hwan Bae Min Young Na Hye Jung Chang Hyun Gil Kim Il Hyun Kim Ho Jin Ryu Jeoung Han Kim School of Materials Science and Engineering University of New South Wales SydneyNSW 2052Australia Advanced Analysis Center Korea Institute of Science and Technology SeoulSeongbuk-guRepublic of Korea LWR Fuel Technology Division Korea Atomic Energy Research InstituteDaejeonYuseong-guRepublic of Korea Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering KAISTDaejeonYuseong-guRepublic of Korea Department of Materials Science&Engineering Hanbat National UniversityRepublic of Korea

Conventionally,Te has primarily been used to improve the machinability of steel and its *** this work,Te was used to refine the grains of an oxide-dispersion-strengthened(ODS)steel produced by additive manufacturing(AM)with fixed processing *** of Te to the raw powder produced an ODS steel with a fine-grained microstructure,in contrast to the ODS steel manufactured without ***,the addition of Te resulted in superior yield strength and ultimate tensile strength,which was attributed to the combined effects of grain refinement and the finer nanoparticles(NPs)composed of Terich composite NPs and Cr-rich *** the first time,the AM technique was used to obtain grain and nanoparticle sizes of~3.4μm and 6 nm,respectively,from the Te-added ODS steel.

关键词： Additive manufacturing Directed energy deposition Oxide-dispersion-strengthened steel Nanoparticle Tellurium

Causality Analysis on Export and Economic Growth Nexus in Ghana

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Open Journal of Statistics 2020年第5期10卷 872-888页

作者： Alice Constance mensah Ebenezer Okyere Mathematics and Statistics Department Accra Technical University Accra Ghana Ebenezer Okyere Research and Policy Banking Supervision Department Bank of Ghana Accra Ghana

The study examined the causal relationship between export and economic growth based on monthly data for the period 2010 to 2019. Composite Index Economic Activity (CIEA) was used as a proxy for real GDP (economic growth). Time series econometric techniques were employed to explore long-run and short run relationships as well as the causality between them. The results revealed the existence of long-run relationships;evidence of bi-directional causality and a rapid adjustment to equilibrium between real GDP and exports. Recommendations are that, policy makers should focus on implementing export oriented policies and promote economic growth to achieve sustainable development.

关键词： Export Economic Growth CIEA Econometric Techniques GDP

Service Failures in 3- to 5-Star Hotels in Accra, Ghana

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Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management 2015年第2期3卷 73-86页

作者： Adelaide G. mensah-Kufuor Ishmael mensah Edem Kwesi Amenumey Accra Polytechnic Accra Ghana University of Cape Coast Cape Coast Ghana

This paper examines service failures in 3- to 5-star hotels in the Accra Metropolis in Ghana. The objectives of the research were to ascertain the categories of service failures commonly experienced by guests and assess guests＇ level of dissatisfaction with the service failures. Descriptive survey design using critical incident questionnaires （CIQ） was used to collect data from a purposive sample of 174 guests who experienced service failures in ten 3- to 5-star hotels. The data were analyzed using SPSS. The most dominant service failures experienced by guests were service system failures, such as unavailable/irregular service and defective products, occurring mostly in the housekeeping departments. With the revelation of potential service failures experienced by guests and their effect on guests, this study offers suggestions to managers to revamp some policies to curtail some service failures and improve service delivery. This study contributes to the literature on service failure in the context of a developing country.

关键词： service failures hotels guest dissatisfaction services interaction Accra