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Demonstrating grating-based phase-contrast imaging of laser-driven shock waves

作者： (美)安德鲁·凯尼格(Andrew koenig)，(美)芭芭拉·摩尔(Barbara Moo)

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第4期9卷 90-97页

作者： Leonard wegert Stephan Schreiner Constantin Rauch Bruno Albertazzi Paulina Bleuel Eric Frojdh Michel koenig Veronika Ludwig Artem SMartynenko Pascal Meyer Aldo Mozzanica Michael Müller Paul Neumayer Markus Schneider Angelos Triantafyllidis Bernhard Zielbauer Gisela Anton Thilo Michel Stefan Funk Plasma Physics Department GSI Helmholtzzentrum fur SchwerionenforschungPlanckstraBe 164291 DarmstadtGermany Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics(ECAP) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NurnbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-StraBe 291058 ErlangenGermany LULI-CNRS CEASorbonne UniversitésEcole PolytechniqueInstitut Polytechnique de ParisF-91120 Palaiseau CedexFrance Paul Scherrer Institut(Psi) Forschungsstrasse 1115232VilligenSwitzerland Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute of Microstructure TechnologyHermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344 Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany

Single-shot X-ray phase-contrast imaging is used to take high-resolution images of laser-driven strong shock *** a two-grating Talbot interferometer,we successfully acquire standard absorption,differential phase-contrast,and dark-field images of the shocked *** agreement is demonstrated between experimental data and the results of two-dimensional radiation hydrodynamics simulations of the laser-plasma *** main sources of image noise are identified through a thorough assessment of the interferometer’s *** acquired images demonstrate that grating-based phase-contrast imaging is a powerful diagnostic tool for high-energy-density *** addition,we make a novel attempt at using the dark-field image as a signal modality of Talbot interferometry to identify the microstructure of a foam target.

关键词： interaction shock phase

Triggering star formation:Experimental compression of a foam ball induced by Taylor–Sedov blast waves

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2022年第3期7卷 31-39页

作者： B.Albertazzi P.Mabey Th.Michel G.Rigon, J.R.Marques S.Pikuz S.Ryazantsev E.Falize L.Van Box Som J.Meinecke N.Ozaki G.Gregori M.koenig LULI-CNRS CEASorbonne UniversitesEcole PolytechniqueInstitut Polytechnique de ParisF-91120 Palaiseau cedexFrance Department of Physics Freie Universitat Berlin14195 BerlinGermany JIHT-RAS 13-2 Izhorskaya st.Moscow 125412Russia National Research Nuclear University“MEPhI ”Moscow 115409Russia CEA-DAM-DIF F-91297 ArpajonFrance Clarendon Laboratory University of OxfordParks RoadOxford OX13PUUnited Kingdom Graduate School of Engineering Osaka UniversitySuitaOsaka 565-0871Japan Institute of Laser Engineering Osaka UniversitySuitaOsaka 565-0871Japan

The interaction between a molecular cloud and an external agent(e.g.,a supernova remnant,plasma jet,radiation,or another cloud)is a common phenomenon throughout the Universe and can significantly change the star formation rate within a *** process leads to fragmentation of the cloud and to its subsequent compression and can,eventually,initiate the gravitational collapse of a stable molecular *** is,however,difficult to study such systems in detail using conventional techniques(numerical simulations and astronomical observations),since complex interactions of flows *** this paper,we experimentally investigate the compression of a foam ball by Taylor–Sedov blast waves,as an analog of supernova remnants interacting with a molecular *** formation of a compression wave is observed in the foam ball,indicating the importance of such experiments for understanding how star formation is triggered by external agents.

关键词： cloud galaxy supernova

海地霍乱暴发的基因组流行病学：单源引入后快速、大规模和持续性的传播

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中华预防医学杂志 2015年第2期49卷 141-141页

作者： Eppinger M Pearson T koenig SSK 卢昕阚飙不详中国疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制所

霍乱是一种可导致大范围流行的严重肠道传染病，可致死亡。霍乱已引起七次全球大流行，目前第七次大流行已传播到亚洲其他国家、非洲、南美洲等地。2010年10月，北美洲的海地暴发霍乱，前三年的统计发现已引起六十多万病例和八千多例死... 详细信息

霍乱是一种可导致大范围流行的严重肠道传染病，可致死亡。霍乱已引起七次全球大流行，目前第七次大流行已传播到亚洲其他国家、非洲、南美洲等地。2010年10月，北美洲的海地暴发霍乱，前三年的统计发现已引起六十多万病例和八千多例死亡，而此前近一个多世纪以来，海地没有霍乱的流行。研究显示此次流行来自于东南亚，并可能是随尼泊尔维和行动相关人员输入。

关键词：霍乱暴发基因组流行病学海地传播持续性全球大流行肠道传染病维和行动

抗血管生成因子Angiostatin与Endostatin作用下肿瘤血管生成的二维数值模拟

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医用生物力学 2006年第4期21卷 272-279页

作者：赵改平高昊吴洁许世雄 Collins Mw LONG Quan Carola koenig Padhani AR 复旦大学力学与工程科学系上海200433 Brunel Institute for Bioengineering School of Engineering and DesignBrunel University Uxbridge Middlesex UK Paul Strickland Scanner Centre Mount Vernon HospitalMiddlesex HA6 2RN UK

目的数值模拟抗血管生成因子Angiostatin和Endostatin对肿瘤血管生成的影响。方法建立肿瘤内外血管生成的二维离散数学模型。模型耦合两种抗血管生成因子Angiostatin和Endostatin的抑制效应,数值模拟在促血管生成因子诱导下肿瘤微血管... 详细信息

目的数值模拟抗血管生成因子Angiostatin和Endostatin对肿瘤血管生成的影响。方法建立肿瘤内外血管生成的二维离散数学模型。模型耦合两种抗血管生成因子Angiostatin和Endostatin的抑制效应,数值模拟在促血管生成因子诱导下肿瘤微血管网生成,讨论血管生成抑制因子的影响。结果抗血管生成因子Angiostatin对肿瘤内外血管网络生成的速度和成熟度有抑制作用。抗血管生成因子Angiostatin和Endostatin耦合作用时,在肿瘤血管生成的早期有明显的抑制效应;在肿瘤血管生成的中后期,它们可以降低肿瘤血管化程度。结论本文模型能够较好的模拟抗血管生成因子Angiostatin和Endostatin对内皮细胞迁移和增殖的抑制作用。

关键词：抗血管生成因子 Angiostatin Endostatin 肿瘤血管生成数学模型

面向风险世界的科学——美国地质调查局风险研究与应用计划

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世界地震译丛 2020年第6期51卷 591-647页

作者： J.w.Godt N.G.Plant N.Luco T.A.koenig K.w.Hudnut D.K.Davis P.R.Bright 司政亚(译) 姜丛(译) 王骞(译) 高孟潭(校) 蒋长胜(校) 不详北京市地震局中国地震局地球物理研究所

自然灾害(包括地震、海啸、火山喷发、滑坡、飓风、干旱、洪水、山火、地磁暴和流行病)会在灾害事件发生后的数年内给人类社区、经济和自然资源造成破坏。灾害能夺去生命,造成数十亿美元的房屋和基础设施损坏、经济活动损失以及威胁国... 详细信息

自然灾害(包括地震、海啸、火山喷发、滑坡、飓风、干旱、洪水、山火、地磁暴和流行病)会在灾害事件发生后的数年内给人类社区、经济和自然资源造成破坏。灾害能夺去生命,造成数十亿美元的房屋和基础设施损坏、经济活动损失以及威胁国家安全。灾害还可能对环境、社会、经济和健康造成不利影响,其影响范围远超直接作用区域,甚至波及全球。人口增长、气候和城市化的变化可能加剧灾害影响。由于灾害事件的潜在危害性,减轻社会重要资产的灾害损失风险是包括决策者、社区成员、应急管理者、资源管理者、公用设施运营者、企业家、规划制定人员在内的所有人的当务之急。利益相关者需要获取有效的、以用户为中心的信息以支持决策,以更具适应性和成本效益的方式,规划一个能够对突发事件及时应对和具备韧弹性的未来。为满足这一需求,需要最大限度地利用环境监测、灾害科学,以及对传播、社会压力和人类行为的研究,以决策者和公众均可理解的形式提供风险信息。为实现这一目标,科学家和利益相关者必须合作,利用技术进步来改善信息获取和传播的效果,同时利用可付诸实践的见解、研究、产品和工具来满足社区需求。美国地质调查局风险研究与应用计划科学界对风险研究与应用的新需求、日益增长的公众期望和技术进步的共同作用,为美国地质调查局(USGS)创造了利用科学数据与相关研究增强国家应对灾害和备灾能力上做出贡献的机会。USGS制定了有关加强能力建设的计划,以促进发布更具可操作性的减轻风险信息的能力提升。尽管该计划主要针对USGS的科研人员、管理人员和领导层,但它也确定了与外部从事减轻风险的合作伙伴的新合作机会。USGS的风险研究与应用包括危险性评估、可操作性预测和预警、脆弱性评估、风险评估、风险沟通、决策支持系统以及灾后评估。USGS风险研究与应用的目标是提供分析基础,决策者可以在此基础上整合信息、资产、能力和优先级,以做出基于科学的决策。开发USGS风险产品是一个反复的过程,它依赖于USGS的三个核心能力:(1)合作伙伴的参与和拓展;(2)研究;(3)工具及产品开发。USGS的物理学家、社会学家、分析师、工程师、程序员、通讯和公共事务专家以及管理者,都对以上三个核心能力做出了相应的贡献。值得注意的是,USGS注重与合作伙伴在研究、产品开发、产品评估等信息传递环节保持紧密联系,以便能够向合作伙伴提供支撑信息、制定可行的减轻风险的决策。计划目标该计划旨在发起和运行一个专注于风险研究与应用的实践社群,以改善整个USGS的内部沟通、协作和资源共享。实践社群将允许USGS的科学家和工作人员参与整体的风险研究与应用(跨任务区、项目和科学中心),以克服现有的地理和学科合作障碍。重要的是,该计划为确保风险研究与应用得到优先支持并纳入USGS的工作机制提供了具体的建议。建议的内容涵盖了从连接和协调USGS的专业技术和资源的新途径,到培训、指导以及定期召集科学家和利益相关者进行产品开发等多个环节。这些建议还关注了在专业技术、产品交付和扩大信息技术能力等领域中的能力提升需求。在整个计划中,采用案例研究的方式强调了USGS的风险研究与应用是如何采用有意义的方式与利益相关者建立联系、利用现有投资、克服挑战并抓住机遇。一系列新的项目构思,设计了如何将该计划的目标体现在未来的投资中,包括在社区、区域和国家框架下评估多种灾害和风险的工具、公共土地风险评估,以及用于提高对具有多重后果事件的态势感知的产品。该计划以《美国地质调查局自然灾害科学战略—促进国家安全、保障和经济福祉》(Holmes and others,2013)战略研究报告中所述的优先事项为基础,特别关注了灾害危险性与社会价值相互作用的风险。这项工作的目标不是让USGS从事风险研究与应用的科学家和工作人员替合作伙伴做出决策。相反,USGS的科学家和工作人员应充当听众、传达者、协助者和科学指导的角色,通过提供客观和公正的科学知识来改善灾害对动态世界的社会影响。

关键词：美国地质调查局危险性评估灾害事件火山喷发利益相关者地磁暴实践社群产品交付

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治愈中的精神性

Turbulent hydrodynamics experiments in high energy density plasmas： scientific case and preliminary results of the TurboHEDP project

作者： (美)哈罗德·G. 科尼格(Harold G. koenig)

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2018年第3期6卷 50-64页

作者： A. Casner G. Rigon B. Albertazzi Th. Michel T. Pikuz A. Faenov P. Mabey N. Ozaki Y. Sakawa T. Sano J. Ballet P. Tzeferacos D. Lamb E. Falize G. Gregori M. koenig Universite de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA CELIA (CEntre Lasers Intenses et Applications) UMR 5107 F-33405 Talence France LULI- CNRS Ecole Polytechnique CEA Universite Paris-Saclay UPMC Univ Paris 06 : Sorbonne Universites -F-91128 Palaiseau cedex France ENS Lyon Universite de Lyon CHELS 69342 Lyon France Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan Joint Institute for High Temperature RAS Moscow 125412 Russia Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan Institute of Laser Engineering Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan Laboratoire AIM CEA-IRFU/CNRS/Universite Paris Diderot Departement d'Astrophysique CEA Saclay F-91191 Gif sur Yvette France Flash Center for Computational Science University of Chicago USA CEA DAM DIF F-91297 Arpajon France Clarendon Laboratory University of Oxford Parks Road Oxford OX1 3PU UK

The physics of compressible turbulence in high energy density(HED) plasmas is an unchartered experimental *** of compressible and radiative flows relevant for astrophysics rely mainly on subscale parameters. Therefore,we plan to perform turbulent hydrodynamics experiments in HED plasmas(TurboHEDP) in order to improve our understanding of such important phenomena for interest in both communities: laser plasma physics and astrophysics. we will focus on the physics of supernovae remnants which are complex structures subject to fluid instabilities such as the Rayleigh–Taylor and Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities. The advent of megajoule laser facilities, like the National Ignition Facility and the Laser Megajoule, creates novel opportunities in laboratory astrophysics, as it provides unique platforms to study turbulent mixing flows in HED plasmas. Indeed, the physics requires accelerating targets over larger distances and longer time periods than previously achieved. In a preparatory phase, scaling from experiments at lower laser energies is used to guarantee the performance of future MJ experiments. This subscale experiments allow us to develop experimental skills and numerical tools in this new field of research, and are stepping stones to achieve our objectives on larger laser facilities. we review first in this paper recent advances in high energy density experiments devoted to laboratory astrophysics. Then we describe the necessary steps forward to commission an experimental platform devoted to turbulent hydrodynamics on a megajoule laser facility. Recent novel experimental results acquired on LULI2000, as well as supporting radiative hydrodynamics simulations, are presented. Together with the development of LiF detectors as transformative X-ray diagnostics, these preliminary results are promising on the way to achieve micrometric spatial resolution in turbulent HED physics experiments in the near future.

关键词： high energy density physics inertial confinement fusion laboratory astrophysics plasmas astrophysics

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实体肿瘤血管任意方向生成的二维数值模拟

医用生物力学 2007年第1期22卷 50-54页

作者：吴洁许世雄龙泉 Collins Mw Carola koenig 赵改平蒋雨平 Padhani AR 复旦大学力学与工程科学系上海200433 Brunel Institute for Bioengineering School of Engineering and Design Brunel UniversityUxbridgeUK: 复旦大学附属华山医院神经内科上海200040 Paul Strickland Scanner Centre Mount Vernon Hospital Middlesex HA6 2RNUK

目的二维数值生成实体肿瘤任意方向生长的血管网,为研究实体肿瘤内血液动力学、药物输运以及抗血管生成提供更趋真实的微血管网络结构。方法将新生血管芽尖的内皮细胞迁移方向由先前模型的上、下、左、右四个方向扩展为任意方向,建立相... 详细信息

目的二维数值生成实体肿瘤任意方向生长的血管网,为研究实体肿瘤内血液动力学、药物输运以及抗血管生成提供更趋真实的微血管网络结构。方法将新生血管芽尖的内皮细胞迁移方向由先前模型的上、下、左、右四个方向扩展为任意方向,建立相应的二维离散模型,数值模拟实体肿瘤微脉管系统的生成过程,比较模拟结果与相关实验数据的符合程度。结果对盲肠肿瘤微血管网进行数值模拟,与改进前的模型和其他模型比较,本模型生成的肿瘤微血管网结构特征,如血管的走向、扭曲、分叉与融合等,更接近生理实际,与实验观测图像的相似度更高。结论该模型可模拟实体肿瘤的微血管网生成,为肿瘤内血液微循环、药物传递以及抗血管生成的理论研究提供较为接近实际的微血管网络结构。

关键词：肿瘤血管生成任意方向数值模拟

Religious Involvement, Inflammatory Markers and Stress Hormones in Major Depression and Chronic Medical Illness

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2014年第4期4卷 335-352页

作者： Denise L. Bellinger Lee S. Berk Harold G. koenig Noha Daher Michelle J. Pearce Clive J. Robins Bruce Nelson Sally F. Shaw Harvey Jay Cohen Michael B. King Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy School of Medicine Loma Linda University Loma Linda CA USA Allied Health Studies School of Allied Health Professions Loma Linda University Loma Linda CA USA Center for Spirituality Theology and Health Duke University Durham NC USA Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Duke University Medical Center Durham NC USA Department of Medicine Duke University Medical Center Durham NC USA Department of Medicine King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia Epidemiology Biostatistics and Population Medicine School of Public Health Loma Linda University Loma Linda CA USA School of Medicine University of Maryland Baltimore USA Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Duke University Medical Center Durham NC USA Department of Research Glendale Adventist Medical Center Glendale CA USA Division of Psychiatry Faculty of Brain Sciences University College London UK

Background: Religious practices/experiences (RPE) may produce positive physiological changes in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and chronic medical illness. Here, we report cross-sectional relationships between depressive symptoms, RPE and stress biomarkers (pro-/anti-inflammatory measures and stress hormones), hypothesizing positive associations between depressive symptoms and stress biomarkers and inverse associations between RPE and stress biomarkers. Methods: we recruited 132 individuals with both MDD and chronic illness into a randomized clinical trial. First, stress biomarkers in the baseline sample were compared to biomarker levels from a community sample. Second, relationships between depressive symptoms and biomarkers were examined, and, finally, relationships between RPE and biomarkers were analyzed, controlling for demographics, depressive symptoms, and physical functioning. Results: As expected, inflammatory markers and stress hormones were higher in our sample with MDD compared to community participants. In the current sample, however, depressive symptoms were largely unrelated to stress biomarkers, and were unexpectedly inversely related to proinflammatory cytokine levels (TNF-α, IL-1β). Likewise, while RPE were largely unrelated to stress biomarkers, they were related to the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-1RA and the stress hormone norepinephrine in expected directions. Unexpectedly, RPE were also positively related to the proinflammatory cytokine IFN-γ and to IFN-γ/IL-4 and IFN-γ/IL-10 ratios. Conclusions: Little evidence was found for a consistent pattern of relationships between depressive symptoms or religiosity and stress biomarkers. Of the few significant relationships, unexpected findings predominated. Future research is needed to determine whether religious interventions can alter stress biomarkers over time in MDD.

关键词： Religiosity Depression Inflammation Immune Function Stress Hormones